Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-522

Allowed-with-Review

Insufficiently Protected Credentials

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.

1817 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-RX6C-QRHP-F4HQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:10 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:10
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered on Moxa MGate MB3170 and MB3270 devices before 4.1, MB3280 and MB3480 devices before 3.1, MB3660 devices before 2.3, and MB3180 devices before 2.1. The application's configuration file contains parameters that represent passwords in cleartext.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-9104"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-03-11T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered on Moxa MGate MB3170 and MB3270 devices before 4.1, MB3280 and MB3480 devices before 3.1, MB3660 devices before 2.3, and MB3180 devices before 2.1. The application\u0027s configuration file contains parameters that represent passwords in cleartext.",
  "id": "GHSA-rx6c-qrhp-f4hq",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:10:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:10:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9104"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support/support/security-advisory/mb3710-3180-3270-3280-3480-3660-vulnerabilities"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-20-056-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-RX8C-CPF4-4HHQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:46 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:33
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in dnaTools dnaLIMS 4-2015s13. dnaLIMS is affected by plaintext password storage (the /home/dna/spool/.pfile file).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-6528"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-03-09T19:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in dnaTools dnaLIMS 4-2015s13. dnaLIMS is affected by plaintext password storage (the /home/dna/spool/.pfile file).",
  "id": "GHSA-rx8c-cpf4-4hhq",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:33:56Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:46:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6528"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41578"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.shorebreaksecurity.com/blog/product-security-advisory-psa0002-dnalims"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96823"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RXFX-HR79-QV8H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:00
VLAI
Details

A local file inclusion vulnerability in the FileServlet in all SearchBlox before 9.2.2 allows remote, unauthenticated users to read arbitrary files from the operating system via a /searchblox/servlet/FileServlet?col=url= request. Additionally, this may be used to read the contents of the SearchBlox configuration file (e.g., searchblox/WEB-INF/config.xml), which contains both the Super Admin's API key and the base64 encoded SHA1 password hashes of other SearchBlox users.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-35580"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-20T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A local file inclusion vulnerability in the FileServlet in all SearchBlox before 9.2.2 allows remote, unauthenticated users to read arbitrary files from the operating system via a /searchblox/servlet/FileServlet?col=url= request. Additionally, this may be used to read the contents of the SearchBlox configuration file (e.g., searchblox/WEB-INF/config.xml), which contains both the Super Admin\u0027s API key and the base64 encoded SHA1 password hashes of other SearchBlox users.",
  "id": "GHSA-rxfx-hr79-qv8h",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:00:51Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:02:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-35580"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://developer.searchblox.com/docs/getting-started-with-searchblox"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hateshape.github.io/general/2021/05/11/CVE-2020-35580.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RXJP-CGW5-JFCG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-20 18:31
VLAI
Details

The web management interface of the device renders the passwords in a plaintext input field. The current password is directly visible to anyone with access to the UI, potentially exposing administrator credentials to unauthorized observation via shoulder surfing, screenshots, or browser form caching.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-26049"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-20T17:25:53Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The web management interface of the device renders the passwords in a \nplaintext input field. The current password is directly visible to \nanyone with access to the UI, potentially exposing administrator \ncredentials to unauthorized observation via shoulder surfing, \nscreenshots, or browser form caching.",
  "id": "GHSA-rxjp-cgw5-jfcg",
  "modified": "2026-02-20T18:31:39Z",
  "published": "2026-02-20T18:31:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26049"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-050-03.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-050-03"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RXX5-6R7X-Q8XV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:44 – Updated: 2023-01-20 18:30
VLAI
Details

In Gradle Enterprise before 2018.5.3, Build Cache Nodes did not store the credentials at rest in an encrypted format.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-11402"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-22T11:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "In Gradle Enterprise before 2018.5.3, Build Cache Nodes did not store the credentials at rest in an encrypted format.",
  "id": "GHSA-rxx5-6r7x-q8xv",
  "modified": "2023-01-20T18:30:23Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:44:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11402"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gradle.com/enterprise/releases/2018.5/#changes-3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gradle.com/advisory/CVE-2019-11402"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V26H-PR28-4W63

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-31 18:31 – Updated: 2024-05-31 18:31
VLAI
Details

Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability in Baxter Welch Allyn Configuration Tool may allow Remote Services with Stolen Credentials.This issue affects Welch Allyn Configuration Tool: versions 1.9.4.1 and prior.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-5176"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-31T18:15:13Z",
    "severity": null
  },
  "details": "Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability in Baxter Welch Allyn Configuration Tool may allow Remote Services with Stolen Credentials.This issue affects Welch Allyn Configuration Tool: versions 1.9.4.1 and prior.",
  "id": "GHSA-v26h-pr28-4w63",
  "modified": "2024-05-31T18:31:17Z",
  "published": "2024-05-31T18:31:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5176"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cisa.gov/news-events/ics-medical-advisories/icsma-24-151-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-V33X-PRHC-GPH5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-06-27 17:24 – Updated: 2021-06-09 20:12
VLAI
Summary
Insufficiently Protected Credentials and Improper Authentication in Spring Security
Details

Spring Security, versions 4.2.x up to 4.2.12, and older unsupported versions support plain text passwords using PlaintextPasswordEncoder. If an application using an affected version of Spring Security is leveraging PlaintextPasswordEncoder and a user has a null encoded password, a malicious user (or attacker) can authenticate using a password of ?null?.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.springframework.security:spring-security-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.RELEASE"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.springframework.security:spring-security-cas"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.13.RELEASE"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-11272"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2019-06-27T17:23:36Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-06-26T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Spring Security, versions 4.2.x up to 4.2.12, and older unsupported versions support plain text passwords using PlaintextPasswordEncoder. If an application using an affected version of Spring Security is leveraging PlaintextPasswordEncoder and a user has a null encoded password, a malicious user (or attacker) can authenticate using a password of ?null?.",
  "id": "GHSA-v33x-prhc-gph5",
  "modified": "2021-06-09T20:12:57Z",
  "published": "2019-06-27T17:24:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11272"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/07/msg00008.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pivotal.io/security/cve-2019-11272"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Insufficiently Protected Credentials and Improper Authentication in Spring Security"
}

GHSA-V3CV-2J8P-P6XH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-12 00:02
VLAI
Details

Unprotected transport of credentials vulnerability in IDEC PLCs (FC6A Series MICROSmart All-in-One CPU module v2.32 and earlier, FC6A Series MICROSmart Plus CPU module v1.91 and earlier, WindLDR v8.19.1 and earlier, WindEDIT Lite v1.3.1 and earlier, and Data File Manager v2.12.1 and earlier) allows an attacker to obtain the PLC Web server user credentials from the communication between the PLC and the software. As a result, the complete access privileges to the PLC Web server may be obtained, and manipulation of the PLC output and/or suspension of the PLC may be conducted.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-20826"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-24T07:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Unprotected transport of credentials vulnerability in IDEC PLCs (FC6A Series MICROSmart All-in-One CPU module v2.32 and earlier, FC6A Series MICROSmart Plus CPU module v1.91 and earlier, WindLDR v8.19.1 and earlier, WindEDIT Lite v1.3.1 and earlier, and Data File Manager v2.12.1 and earlier) allows an attacker to obtain the PLC Web server user credentials from the communication between the PLC and the software. As a result, the complete access privileges to the PLC Web server may be obtained, and manipulation of the PLC output and/or suspension of the PLC may be conducted.",
  "id": "GHSA-v3cv-2j8p-p6xh",
  "modified": "2022-01-12T00:02:16Z",
  "published": "2021-12-25T00:00:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20826"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU92279973/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.idec.com/home/lp/pdf/2021-12-24-PLC.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-V3M2-PG96-W33M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:20 – Updated: 2024-11-18 16:26
VLAI
Summary
Openstack cinder Improper handling of ScaleIO backend credentials
Details

An insecure-credentials flaw was found in all openstack-cinder versions before openstack-cinder 14.1.0, all openstack-cinder 15.x.x versions before openstack-cinder 15.2.0 and all openstack-cinder 16.x.x versions before openstack-cinder 16.1.0. When using openstack-cinder with the Dell EMC ScaleIO or VxFlex OS backend storage driver, credentials for the entire backend are exposed in the connection_info element in all Block Storage v3 Attachments API calls containing that element. This flaw enables an end-user to create a volume, make an API call to show the attachment detail information, and retrieve a username and password that may be used to connect to another user's volume. Additionally, these credentials are valid for the ScaleIO or VxFlex OS Management API, should an attacker discover the Management API endpoint. Source: OpenStack project

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "cinder"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "14.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "cinder"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "15.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "15.2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "cinder"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "16.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "16.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "os-brick"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.8.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.8.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "os-brick"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.10.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.10.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "os-brick"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-10755"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-29T10:26:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-06-10T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An insecure-credentials flaw was found in all openstack-cinder versions before openstack-cinder 14.1.0, all openstack-cinder 15.x.x versions before openstack-cinder 15.2.0 and all openstack-cinder 16.x.x versions before openstack-cinder 16.1.0. When using openstack-cinder with the Dell EMC ScaleIO or VxFlex OS backend storage driver, credentials for the entire backend are exposed in the ``connection_info`` element in all Block Storage v3 Attachments API calls containing that element. This flaw enables an end-user to create a volume, make an API call to show the attachment detail information, and retrieve a username and password that may be used to connect to another user\u0027s volume. Additionally, these credentials are valid for the ScaleIO or VxFlex OS Management API, should an attacker discover the Management API endpoint. Source: OpenStack project",
  "id": "GHSA-v3m2-pg96-w33m",
  "modified": "2024-11-18T16:26:25Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:20:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10755"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openstack/cinder/commit/ba785eef5f515b869c0d68016e84bb74f76ab45e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openstack/os-brick/commit/4047948f1ac8055a025972ad73ec3ec421450775"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/cinder/+bug/1823200"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2020-10755"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/cinder/PYSEC-2020-228.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4420-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/OSSN/OSSN-0086"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Openstack cinder Improper handling of ScaleIO backend credentials"
}

GHSA-V3MF-38WR-PH3H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:27 – Updated: 2025-11-11 21:30
VLAI
Details

The Olive Tree Ftp Server application 1.32 for Android has Insecure Data Storage because a username and password are stored in the /data/data/com.theolivetree.ftpserver/shared_prefs/com.theolivetree.ftpserver_preferences.xml file as the prefUsername and prefUserpass strings.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-11544"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-05-29T21:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The Olive Tree Ftp Server application 1.32 for Android has Insecure Data Storage because a username and password are stored in the /data/data/com.theolivetree.ftpserver/shared_prefs/com.theolivetree.ftpserver_preferences.xml file as the prefUsername and prefUserpass strings.",
  "id": "GHSA-v3mf-38wr-ph3h",
  "modified": "2025-11-11T21:30:27Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:27:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11544"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pastebin.com/ygwczqpP"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44852"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft

An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.

CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation

An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.

CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting

Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials

This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.

CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.

CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing

An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.

CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.

CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)

An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.

CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.

CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.