CWE-502
AllowedDeserialization of Untrusted Data
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid.
4834 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-0769 (GCVE-0-2025-0769)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-28 20:01 – Updated: 2025-02-28 20:29- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://fluidattacks.com/advisories/skims-23/ | third-party-advisory |
| https://co.wordpress.org/plugins/pixelyoursite/#d… | release-notes |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PixelYourSite |
Affected:
10.1.1.1
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-0769",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-02-28T20:28:24.861663Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-28T20:29:26.478Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://wordpress.org/plugins",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "pixelyoursite",
"vendor": "PixelYourSite",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.1.1.1"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-02-28T17:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "PixelYourSite - Your smart PIXEL (TAG) and API Manager 10.1.1.1 was found to be vulnerable. Unvalidated user input is used directly in an unserialize function in myapp/modules/facebook/facebook-server-a sync-task.php."
}
],
"value": "PixelYourSite - Your smart PIXEL (TAG) and API Manager 10.1.1.1 was found to be vulnerable. Unvalidated user input is used directly in an unserialize function in myapp/modules/facebook/facebook-server-a sync-task.php."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-586",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-586 Object Injection"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-502",
"description": "CWE-502 Deserialization of Untrusted Data",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-28T20:01:30.324Z",
"orgId": "84fe0718-d6bb-4716-a7e8-81a6d1daa869",
"shortName": "Fluid Attacks"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://fluidattacks.com/advisories/skims-23/"
},
{
"tags": [
"release-notes"
],
"url": "https://co.wordpress.org/plugins/pixelyoursite/#developers"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "PixelYourSite 10.1.1.1 - Insecure deserialization",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "84fe0718-d6bb-4716-a7e8-81a6d1daa869",
"assignerShortName": "Fluid Attacks",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-0769",
"datePublished": "2025-02-28T20:01:30.324Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-01-28T00:17:41.693Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-28T20:29:26.478Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-0767 (GCVE-0-2025-0767)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-27 18:14 – Updated: 2025-02-27 19:00- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://fluidattacks.com/advisories/skims-9/ | third-party-advisory |
| https://co.wordpress.org/plugins/wp-security-audit-log/ | product |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melapress | WP Activity Log |
Affected:
5.3.2
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-0767",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-02-27T19:00:10.060888Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-27T19:00:33.746Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://wordpress.org/plugins",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "wp-security-audit-log",
"product": "WP Activity Log",
"vendor": "Melapress",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.3.2"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-02-27T17:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "WP Activity Log 5.3.2 was found to be vulnerable. Unvalidated user input is used directly in an unserialize function in myapp/classes/Writers/class-csv-writer.php."
}
],
"value": "WP Activity Log 5.3.2 was found to be vulnerable. Unvalidated user input is used directly in an unserialize function in myapp/classes/Writers/class-csv-writer.php."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-586",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-586 Object Injection"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-502",
"description": "CWE-502 Deserialization of Untrusted Data",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-27T18:20:47.270Z",
"orgId": "84fe0718-d6bb-4716-a7e8-81a6d1daa869",
"shortName": "Fluid Attacks"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://fluidattacks.com/advisories/skims-9/"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://co.wordpress.org/plugins/wp-security-audit-log/"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "WP Activity Log 5.3.2 - Insecure deserialization",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "84fe0718-d6bb-4716-a7e8-81a6d1daa869",
"assignerShortName": "Fluid Attacks",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-0767",
"datePublished": "2025-02-27T18:14:52.946Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-01-28T00:17:40.651Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-27T19:00:33.746Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-0734 (GCVE-0-2025-0734)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-27 19:00 – Updated: 2025-02-12 20:01| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.293512 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.293512 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.482823 | third-party-advisory |
| https://gist.github.com/GSBP0/3c1b0f9dbdd2a48b8f5… | exploit |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-0734",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-01-27T19:15:59.301741Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-12T20:01:11.854Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"modules": [
"Whitelist"
],
"product": "RuoYi",
"vendor": "y_project",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.8"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "GSBP (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability has been found in y_project RuoYi up to 4.8.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects the function getBeanName of the component Whitelist. The manipulation leads to deserialization. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way."
},
{
"lang": "de",
"value": "In y_project RuoYi bis 4.8.0 wurde eine kritische Schwachstelle gefunden. Betroffen ist die Funktion getBeanName der Komponente Whitelist. Durch Beeinflussen mit unbekannten Daten kann eine deserialization-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Der Angriff kann \u00fcber das Netzwerk passieren. Der Exploit steht zur \u00f6ffentlichen Verf\u00fcgung."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 4.7,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 4.7,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 5.8,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:M/C:P/I:P/A:P",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-502",
"description": "Deserialization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-20",
"description": "Improper Input Validation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-01-27T19:00:12.136Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-293512 | y_project RuoYi Whitelist getBeanName deserialization",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.293512"
},
{
"name": "VDB-293512 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.293512"
},
{
"name": "Submit #482823 | RuoYi \u003c= 4.8.0 could bypass white list to RCE or Arbitrary code execution",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.482823"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://gist.github.com/GSBP0/3c1b0f9dbdd2a48b8f52330cfbbc279b"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-01-27T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-01-27T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-01-27T12:06:20.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "y_project RuoYi Whitelist getBeanName deserialization"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-0734",
"datePublished": "2025-01-27T19:00:12.136Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-01-27T11:01:11.692Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-12T20:01:11.854Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-0724 (GCVE-0-2025-0724)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-22 04:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:59- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| metagauss | ProfileGrid – User Profiles, Groups and Communities |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 5.9.4.5
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-0724",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-04-01T16:32:09.904689Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-04-01T16:32:20.890Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "ProfileGrid \u2013 User Profiles, Groups and Communities",
"vendor": "metagauss",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.9.4.5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Nguyen Tan Phat"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The ProfileGrid \u2013 User Profiles, Groups and Communities plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to, and including, 5.9.4.5 via deserialization of untrusted input in the get_user_meta_fields_html function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to inject a PHP Object. No known POP chain is present in the vulnerable software, which means this vulnerability has no impact unless another plugin or theme containing a POP chain is installed on the site. If a POP chain is present via an additional plugin or theme installed on the target system, it may allow the attacker to perform actions like delete arbitrary files, retrieve sensitive data, or execute code depending on the POP chain present."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-502",
"description": "CWE-502 Deserialization of Untrusted Data",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:59:03.467Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/6bb1de69-7bc2-4785-9789-0a2d1cf35b9b?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities/tags/5.9.4.2/includes/class-profile-magic-html-generator.php#L259"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-01-08T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Discovered"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-03-21T16:16:59.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "ProfileGrid \u2013 User Profiles, Groups and Communities \u003c= 5.9.4.5 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) PHP Object Injection"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-0724",
"datePublished": "2025-03-22T04:22:06.213Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-01-26T23:46:47.255Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:59:03.467Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-0586 (GCVE-0-2025-0586)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-20 02:28 – Updated: 2025-02-12 20:41- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-8374-7085a-1.html | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-8375-59abd-2.html | third-party-advisory |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| aEnrich Technology | a+HRD |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 7.5
(custom)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-0586",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-01-21T14:46:37.612273Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-12T20:41:20.485Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "a+HRD",
"vendor": "aEnrich Technology",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "The a+HRD from aEnrich Technology has an Insecure Deserialization vulnerability, allowing remote attackers with database modification privileges and regular system privileges to perform arbitrary code execution."
}
],
"value": "The a+HRD from aEnrich Technology has an Insecure Deserialization vulnerability, allowing remote attackers with database modification privileges and regular system privileges to perform arbitrary code execution."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-586",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-586 Object Injection"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.2,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-502",
"description": "CWE-502 Deserialization of Untrusted Data",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-01-20T02:28:02.503Z",
"orgId": "cded6c7f-6ce5-4948-8f87-aa7a3bbb6b0e",
"shortName": "twcert"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-8374-7085a-1.html"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-8375-59abd-2.html"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Please refer to the aEnrich advisory to upgrade to version 6.8 or later and install the latest patches, or contact aEnrich customer service for assistance.\u003cbr\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Please refer to the aEnrich advisory to upgrade to version 6.8 or later and install the latest patches, or contact aEnrich customer service for assistance."
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "TVN-202501007",
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "aEnrich Technology a+HRD - Insecure Deserialization",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "cded6c7f-6ce5-4948-8f87-aa7a3bbb6b0e",
"assignerShortName": "twcert",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-0586",
"datePublished": "2025-01-20T02:28:02.503Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-01-20T01:32:31.731Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-12T20:41:20.485Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-0465 (GCVE-0-2025-0465)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-14 17:31 – Updated: 2025-01-14 20:51| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.291482 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.291482 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.474285 | third-party-advisory |
| https://gist.github.com/PSDat123/ad7eb46550f22632… | exploit |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-0465",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-01-14T20:51:21.353580Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-01-14T20:51:34.155Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "AquilaCMS",
"vendor": "n/a",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.412.13"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Dat2Phit (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was found in AquilaCMS 1.412.13. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /api/v2/categories. The manipulation of the argument PostBody.populate leads to deserialization. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way."
},
{
"lang": "de",
"value": "Eine kritische Schwachstelle wurde in AquilaCMS 1.412.13 ausgemacht. Dies betrifft einen unbekannten Teil der Datei /api/v2/categories. Durch Manipulation des Arguments PostBody.populate mit unbekannten Daten kann eine deserialization-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Der Angriff kann \u00fcber das Netzwerk passieren. Der Exploit steht zur \u00f6ffentlichen Verf\u00fcgung."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 7.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 7.5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-502",
"description": "Deserialization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-20",
"description": "Improper Input Validation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-01-14T17:31:04.647Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-291482 | AquilaCMS categories deserialization",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.291482"
},
{
"name": "VDB-291482 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.291482"
},
{
"name": "Submit #474285 | AquilaCMS 1.412.13 Code Injection",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.474285"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://gist.github.com/PSDat123/ad7eb46550f22632aa4c229a0857f00d"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-01-14T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-01-14T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-01-14T09:43:54.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "AquilaCMS categories deserialization"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-0465",
"datePublished": "2025-01-14T17:31:04.647Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-01-14T08:38:51.083Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-01-14T20:51:34.155Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-0429 (GCVE-0-2025-0429)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-22 07:29 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:18- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| senols | AI Puffer – Your AI engine for WordPress (formerly AI Power) |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.8.96
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-0429",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-01-22T14:23:09.792843Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-01-22T14:23:17.631Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "AI Puffer \u2013 Your AI engine for WordPress (formerly AI Power)",
"vendor": "senols",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.8.96",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Tran Anh Duc"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The \"AI Power: Complete AI Pack\" plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in versions up to, and including, 1.8.96 via deserialization of untrusted input from the $form[\u0027post_content\u0027] variable through the wpaicg_export_ai_forms() function. This allows authenticated attackers, with administrative privileges, to inject a PHP Object. No POP chain is present in the vulnerable plugin. If a POP chain is present via an additional plugin or theme installed on the target system, it could allow the attacker to delete arbitrary files, retrieve sensitive data, or execute code."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.2,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-502",
"description": "CWE-502 Deserialization of Untrusted Data",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:18:30.901Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/bb927aba-a96d-47b9-ba35-60945ea5cfe5?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3224162/"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-01-21T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "AI Power: Complete AI Pack \u003c= 1.8.96 - Authenticated (Admin+) PHP Object Injection via wpaicg_export_ai_forms"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-0429",
"datePublished": "2025-01-22T07:29:40.953Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-01-13T16:56:10.632Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:18:30.901Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-0428 (GCVE-0-2025-0428)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-22 07:29 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:58- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| senols | AI Puffer – Your AI engine for WordPress (formerly AI Power) |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.8.96
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-0428",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-01-22T14:26:19.252988Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-01-22T14:26:28.463Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "AI Puffer \u2013 Your AI engine for WordPress (formerly AI Power)",
"vendor": "senols",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.8.96",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Tran Anh Duc"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The \"AI Power: Complete AI Pack\" plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in versions up to, and including, 1.8.96 via deserialization of untrusted input from the $form[\u0027post_content\u0027] variable through the wpaicg_export_prompts function. This allows authenticated attackers, with administrative privileges, to inject a PHP Object. No POP chain is present in the vulnerable plugin. If a POP chain is present via an additional plugin or theme installed on the target system, it could allow the attacker to delete arbitrary files, retrieve sensitive data, or execute code."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.2,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-502",
"description": "CWE-502 Deserialization of Untrusted Data",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:58:02.855Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/66a3abc1-0508-4ce3-952b-7dbf3738879a?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3224162/"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-01-21T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "AI Power: Complete AI Pack \u003c= 1.8.96 - Authenticated (Admin+) PHP Object Injection via wpaicg_export_prompts"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-0428",
"datePublished": "2025-01-22T07:29:40.161Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-01-13T16:54:57.091Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:58:02.855Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2024-56515 (GCVE-0-2024-56515)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-16 19:11 – Updated: 2025-02-12 20:31- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/t2bot/matrix-media-repo/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/t2bot/matrix-media-repo/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| t2bot | matrix-media-repo |
Affected:
< 1.3.8
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-56515",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-01-16T20:10:20.442768Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-12T20:31:21.997Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "matrix-media-repo",
"vendor": "t2bot",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.3.8"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Matrix Media Repo (MMR) is a highly configurable multi-homeserver media repository for Matrix. If SVG or JPEGXL thumbnailers are enabled (they are disabled by default), a user may upload a file which claims to be either of these types and request a thumbnail to invoke a different decoder in ImageMagick. In some ImageMagick installations, this includes the capability to run Ghostscript to decode the image/file. If MP4 thumbnailers are enabled (also disabled by default), the same issue as above may occur with the ffmpeg installation instead. MMR uses a number of other decoders for all other file types when preparing thumbnails. Theoretical issues are possible with these decoders, however in testing they were not possible to exploit. This is fixed in MMR v1.3.8. MMR now inspects the mimetype of media prior to thumbnailing, and picks a thumbnailer based on those results instead of relying on user-supplied values. This may lead to fewer thumbnails when obscure file shapes are used. This also helps narrow scope of theoretical issues with all decoders MMR uses for thumbnails. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may disable the SVG, JPEGXL, and MP4 thumbnail types in the MMR config which prevents the decoders from being invoked. Further disabling uncommon file types on the server is recommended to limit risk surface. Containers and other similar technologies may also be used to limit the impact of vulnerabilities in external decoders, like ImageMagick and ffmpeg. Some installations of ImageMagick may disable \"unsafe\" file types, like PDFs, already. This option can be replicated to other environments as needed. ffmpeg may be compiled with limited decoders/codecs. The Docker image for MMR disables PDFs and similar formats by default."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-502",
"description": "CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-01-16T19:11:02.868Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/t2bot/matrix-media-repo/security/advisories/GHSA-rcxc-wjgw-579r",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/t2bot/matrix-media-repo/security/advisories/GHSA-rcxc-wjgw-579r"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/t2bot/matrix-media-repo/releases/tag/v1.3.8",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/t2bot/matrix-media-repo/releases/tag/v1.3.8"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-rcxc-wjgw-579r",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Untrusted file formats can be thumbnailed, invoking potentially further untrusted decoders in Matrix Media Repo"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-56515",
"datePublished": "2025-01-16T19:11:02.868Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-12-26T20:45:55.608Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-12T20:31:21.997Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2024-56291 (GCVE-0-2024-56291)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-07 10:49 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:10- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/… | vdb-entry |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| plainware | PlainInventory |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.1.6
(custom)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-56291",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-01-07T14:44:24.293473Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-01-07T14:44:38.456Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://wordpress.org/plugins",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "z-inventory-manager",
"product": "PlainInventory",
"vendor": "plainware",
"versions": [
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "3.1.7",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThanOrEqual": "3.1.6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "LVT-tholv2k | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-04-01T16:31:12.571Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in plainware PlainInventory z-inventory-manager allows Object Injection.\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects PlainInventory: from n/a through \u003c= 3.1.6.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in plainware PlainInventory z-inventory-manager allows Object Injection.This issue affects PlainInventory: from n/a through \u003c= 3.1.6."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-586",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Object Injection"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-502",
"description": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-28T16:10:56.838Z",
"orgId": "21595511-bba5-4825-b968-b78d1f9984a3",
"shortName": "Patchstack"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vdb-entry"
],
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/z-inventory-manager/vulnerability/wordpress-plaininventory-inventory-management-plugin-plugin-3-1-6-php-object-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"title": "WordPress PlainInventory \u2013 Inventory Management Plugin Plugin \u003c= 3.1.6 - PHP Object Injection vulnerability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "21595511-bba5-4825-b968-b78d1f9984a3",
"assignerShortName": "Patchstack",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-56291",
"datePublished": "2025-01-07T10:49:13.711Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-12-18T19:04:54.439Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-28T16:10:56.838Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
If available, use the signing/sealing features of the programming language to assure that deserialized data has not been tainted. For example, a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) could be used to ensure that data has not been modified.
Mitigation
When deserializing data, populate a new object rather than just deserializing. The result is that the data flows through safe input validation and that the functions are safe.
Mitigation
Explicitly define a final object() to prevent deserialization.
Mitigation
- Make fields transient to protect them from deserialization.
- An attempt to serialize and then deserialize a class containing transient fields will result in NULLs where the transient data should be. This is an excellent way to prevent time, environment-based, or sensitive variables from being carried over and used improperly.
Mitigation
Avoid having unnecessary types or gadgets (a sequence of instances and method invocations that can self-execute during the deserialization process, often found in libraries) available that can be leveraged for malicious ends. This limits the potential for unintended or unauthorized types and gadgets to be leveraged by the attacker. Add only acceptable classes to an allowlist. Note: new gadgets are constantly being discovered, so this alone is not a sufficient mitigation.
Mitigation
Employ cryptography of the data or code for protection. However, it's important to note that it would still be client-side security. This is risky because if the client is compromised then the security implemented on the client (the cryptography) can be bypassed.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-586: Object Injection
An adversary attempts to exploit an application by injecting additional, malicious content during its processing of serialized objects. Developers leverage serialization in order to convert data or state into a static, binary format for saving to disk or transferring over a network. These objects are then deserialized when needed to recover the data/state. By injecting a malformed object into a vulnerable application, an adversary can potentially compromise the application by manipulating the deserialization process. This can result in a number of unwanted outcomes, including remote code execution.