Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Weakness Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members

ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1000

ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1003

PeerOf: CWE-351 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000

PeerOf: CWE-436 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000

PeerOf: CWE-430 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000

Modes of introduction

Implementation

Architecture and Design

OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.

Detection methods

Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Web Application Scanner

Web Services Scanner

Database Scanners

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Fuzz Tester

Framework-based Fuzzer

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Manual Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source

Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)

Effectiveness: High

Automated Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Source code Weakness Analyzer

Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer

Effectiveness: High

Architecture or Design Review

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Relationship

This can have a chaining relationship with incomplete denylist / permissive allowlist errors when the product tries, but fails, to properly limit which types of files are allowed (CWE-183, CWE-184).

This can also overlap multiple interpretation errors for intermediaries, e.g. anti-virus products that do not remove or quarantine attachments with certain file extensions that can be processed by client systems.

Content history

Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3

Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.15

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-01-12 · CWE 1.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-12-28 · CWE 1.7

updated Applicable_Platforms, Functional_Areas, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

converted from Compound_Element to Weakness

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Name, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Type, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-04-05 · CWE 1.8.1

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated References, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-09-27 · CWE 1.10

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-09-13 · CWE 2.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Detection_Factors

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2015-12-07 · CWE 2.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Affected_Resources, Applicable_Platforms, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-09-19 · CWE 3.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-04-28 · CWE 4.7

updated Research_Gaps

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Alternate_Terms, Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-07-16 · CWE 4.15

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Detection_Factors, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Observed_Examples, References

6657 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-62050 (GCVE-0-2025-62050)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 16:51 – Updated: 2026-04-28 18:51

Title

WordPress Blogmatic theme <= 1.0.3 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability

Summary

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in blazethemes Blogmatic blogmatic.This issue affects Blogmatic: from n/a through <= 1.0.3.

Severity

9.9 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-27 14:55 UTC

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

Patchstack CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/b…	vdb-entry

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
blazethemes	Blogmatic	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.0.3 (custom)

Date Public

2026-04-01 16:00

Credits

Denver Jackson | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-62047 (GCVE-0-2025-62047)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-06 15:55 – Updated: 2026-04-28 18:51

Title

WordPress Case Addons plugin < 1.3.0 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability

Summary

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Case-Themes Case Addons case-addons.This issue affects Case Addons: from n/a through < 1.3.0.

Severity

9.9 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-11-06 21:10 UTC

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

Patchstack CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/…	vdb-entry

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Case-Themes	Case Addons	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.3.0 (custom)

Date Public

2026-04-01 16:00

Credits

Aiden | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-62016 (GCVE-0-2025-62016)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-06 15:55 – Updated: 2026-04-28 18:47

Title

WordPress Kallyas theme <= 4.22.0 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability

Summary

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in hogash KALLYAS kallyas.This issue affects KALLYAS: from n/a through <= 4.22.0.

Severity

9.9 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-11-07 14:05 UTC

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

Patchstack CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/k…	vdb-entry

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
hogash	KALLYAS	Affected: 0 , ≤ 4.22.0 (custom)

Date Public

2026-04-01 16:00

Credits

Rafie Muhammad | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-61808 (GCVE-0-2025-61808)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 23:41 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:21

Title

ColdFusion | Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (CWE-434)

Summary

ColdFusion versions 2025.4, 2023.16, 2021.22 and earlier are affected by an Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability that could lead to arbitrary code execution by a high priviledged attacker. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction and scope is changed.

Severity

9.1 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-12-10 04:57 UTC

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (CWE-434)

Assigner

adobe CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 879 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/coldfus…	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Adobe	ColdFusion	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2021.22 (semver)

Date Public

2025-12-09 17:00

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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CVE-2025-61768 (GCVE-0-2025-61768)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-06 21:54 – Updated: 2025-10-07 15:51

Title

Kuno CMS Vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via Unsafe SVG Upload

Summary

KUNO CMS is a fully deployable full-stack blog application. In versions prior to 1.3.15, an SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery) vulnerability exists in the Media module of the Kuno CMS administrative panel. A logged-in administrator can upload a specially crafted SVG file containing an external image reference, causing the server to initiate an outgoing connection to an arbitrary external URL. This can lead to information disclosure or internal network probing. Version 1.3.15 contains a fix for the issue.

Severity

5.1 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-10-07 15:51 UTC

CWE

CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7886 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/xuemian168/kuno/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/xuemian168/kuno/commit/804b290…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/xuemian168/kuno/releases/tag/v1.3.15	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
xuemian168	kuno	Affected: < 1.3.15

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-61687 (GCVE-0-2025-61687)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-06 15:54 – Updated: 2025-10-06 16:04

Title

FlowiseAI/Flosise has File Upload vulnerability

Summary

Flowise is a drag & drop user interface to build a customized large language model flow. A file upload vulnerability in version 3.0.7 of FlowiseAI allows authenticated users to upload arbitrary files without proper validation. This enables attackers to persistently store malicious Node.js web shells on the server, potentially leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE). The system fails to validate file extensions, MIME types, or file content during uploads. As a result, malicious scripts such as Node.js-based web shells can be uploaded and stored persistently on the server. These shells expose HTTP endpoints capable of executing arbitrary commands if triggered. The uploaded shell does not automatically execute, but its presence allows future exploitation via administrator error or chained vulnerabilities. This presents a high-severity threat to system integrity and confidentiality. As of time of publication, no known patched versions are available.

Severity

8.3 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-10-06 16:04 UTC

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7886 records in the last 180 days details

References

9 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/adv…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
FlowiseAI	Flowise	Affected: = 3.0.7

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-61681 (GCVE-0-2025-61681)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-03 21:46 – Updated: 2025-10-06 15:45

Title

Kuno is Vulnerable to Stored XSS Attack via SVG File Upload

Summary

KUNO CMS is a fully deployable full-stack blog application. Versions 1.3.13 and below contain validation flaws in its file upload functionality that can be exploited for stored XSS. The upload endpoint only validates file types based on Content-Type headers, lacks file content analysis and extension whitelist restrictions, allowing attackers to upload SVG files containing malicious scripts (disguised as images). When users access the uploaded resource pages, arbitrary JavaScript executes in their browsers. This issue is fixed in version 1.3.14.

Severity

5.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-10-06 15:44 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7886 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/xuemian168/kuno/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/xuemian168/kuno/commit/fc486b5…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/xuemian168/kuno/releases/tag/v1.3.14	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
xuemian168	kuno	Affected: < 1.3.14

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-61678 (GCVE-0-2025-61678)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-14 19:33 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:57

Title

FreePBX Endpoint Manager vulnerable to authenticated arbitrary file upload via fwbrand parameter

Summary

FreePBX Endpoint Manager is a module for managing telephony endpoints in FreePBX systems. In versions prior to 16.0.92 for FreePBX 16 and versions prior to 17.0.6 for FreePBX 17, the Endpoint Manager module contains an authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability affecting the fwbrand parameter. The fwbrand parameter allows an attacker to change the file path. Combined, these issues can result in a webshell being uploaded. Authentication with a known username is required to exploit this vulnerability. Successful exploitation allows authenticated users to upload arbitrary files to attacker-controlled paths on the server, potentially leading to remote code execution. This issue has been patched in version 16.0.92 for FreePBX 16 and version 17.0.6 for FreePBX 17.

Severity

8.6 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-10-18 03:55 UTC

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7886 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/FreePBX/security-reporting/sec…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
FreePBX	endpointman	Affected: < 16.0.92 Affected: >= 17.0.0, < 17.0.6

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-60947 (GCVE-0-2025-60947)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-23 21:00 – Updated: 2026-03-25 14:38

Title

Census CSWeb arbitrary file upload

Summary

Census CSWeb 8.0.1 allows arbitrary file upload. A remote, authenticated attacker could upload a malicious file, possibly leading to remote code execution. Fixed in 8.1.0 alpha.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · cisa-cg (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-23 18:22 UTC

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

cisa-cg CNA under the CISA root

CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 140 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/hx381/cspro-exploits
https://github.com/csprousers/csweb/commit/eba0b5…
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-60947
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/de…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Census	CSWeb	Affected: 8.0.1 , < 8.1.0 alpha (custom) Unaffected: 8.1.0 alpha

Date Public

2025-10-14 00:00

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-60235 (GCVE-0-2025-60235)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-06 15:55 – Updated: 2026-04-28 18:43

Title

WordPress Support Ticket System for WooCommerce plugin <= 2.0.7 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability

Summary

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Plugify Support Ticket System for WooCommerce (Premium) support-ticket-system-for-woocommerce allows Using Malicious Files.This issue affects Support Ticket System for WooCommerce (Premium): from n/a through <= 2.0.7.

Severity

10 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-11-17 14:50 UTC

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

Patchstack CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/…	vdb-entry

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Plugify	Support Ticket System for WooCommerce (Premium)	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.0.7 (custom)

Date Public

2026-04-01 16:00

Credits

0xd4rk5id3 | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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        }
      ],
      "title": "WordPress Support Ticket System for WooCommerce plugin \u003c= 2.0.7 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "21595511-bba5-4825-b968-b78d1f9984a3",
    "assignerShortName": "Patchstack",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-60235",
    "datePublished": "2025-11-06T15:55:07.928Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-09-25T15:34:39.168Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-28T18:43:38.229Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation

Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15

Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation

Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation

Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17

Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22

Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.

CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

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