Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Weakness Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1003
PeerOf: CWE-351 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
PeerOf: CWE-436 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
PeerOf: CWE-430 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Architecture and Design

OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.

Detection methods

Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Web Application Scanner

Web Services Scanner

Database Scanners

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Fuzz Tester

Framework-based Fuzzer

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Manual Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source

Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)

Effectiveness: High

Automated Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Source code Weakness Analyzer

Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer

Effectiveness: High

Architecture or Design Review

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Relationship

This can have a chaining relationship with incomplete denylist / permissive allowlist errors when the product tries, but fails, to properly limit which types of files are allowed (CWE-183, CWE-184).

This can also overlap multiple interpretation errors for intermediaries, e.g. anti-virus products that do not remove or quarantine attachments with certain file extensions that can be processed by client systems.

Content history
Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.15

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-01-12 · CWE 1.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-12-28 · CWE 1.7

updated Applicable_Platforms, Functional_Areas, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

converted from Compound_Element to Weakness

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Name, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Type, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-04-05 · CWE 1.8.1

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated References, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-09-27 · CWE 1.10

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-09-13 · CWE 2.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Detection_Factors

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2015-12-07 · CWE 2.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Affected_Resources, Applicable_Platforms, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-09-19 · CWE 3.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-04-28 · CWE 4.7

updated Research_Gaps

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Alternate_Terms, Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-07-16 · CWE 4.15

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Detection_Factors, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Observed_Examples, References

6652 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-24034 (GCVE-0-2026-24034)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 02:41 – Updated: 2026-01-22 12:44
VLAI
Title
Horilla has File Upload XSS
Summary
Horilla is a free and open source Human Resource Management System (HRMS). In versions prior to 1.5.0, a cross-site scripting vulnerability can be triggered because the extension and content-type are not checked during the profile photo update step. Version 1.5.0 fixes the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-22 12:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7861 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-24014 (GCVE-0-2026-24014)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-06 08:34 – Updated: 2026-07-06 20:37
VLAI
Title
Apache IoTDB: Path Traversal in DataNode Internal RPC Trigger JAR Upload Allows Arbitrary File Write
Summary
Apache IoTDB DataNode’s internal RPC interface for creating Trigger instances uses the uploaded Trigger JAR name to build a file path without sufficient validation. If the internal DataNode RPC port is exposed to an untrusted network, an attacker may use path traversal sequences in the JAR name to write files outside the intended Trigger installation directory. This could allow arbitrary file write with the permissions of the IoTDB process. This issue affects Apache IoTDB: from 1.3.3 before 2.0.8. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.8, which fixes the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 19:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
apache CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 1276 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache IoTDB Affected: 1.3.3 , < 2.0.8 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-23802 (GCVE-0-2026-23802)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-05 05:53 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:14
VLAI
Title
WordPress AI Engine plugin <= 3.3.2 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Jordy Meow AI Engine ai-engine allows Using Malicious Files.This issue affects AI Engine: from n/a through <= 3.3.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-09 19:35 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Jordy Meow AI Engine Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.3.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:04
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-23704 (GCVE-0-2026-23704)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-04 07:03 – Updated: 2026-02-04 16:07
VLAI
Summary
A non-administrative user can upload malicious files. When an administrator or the product accesses that file, an arbitrary script may be executed on the administrator's browser. Note that Movable Type 7 series and 8.4 series, which are End-of-Life (EOL), are affected by the vulnerability as well.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-04 16:07 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type
Assigner
jpcert CNA under the jpcert root
CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 186 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Six Apart Ltd. Movable Type (Software Edition) Affected: 9.0.4 to 9.0.5 (9.0 series)
Affected: 8.8.0 to 8.8.1 (8.8 series)
Affected: 8.0.2 to 8.0.8 (8.0 series)
Create a notification for this product.
Six Apart Ltd. Movable Type Advanced (Software Edition) Affected: 9.0.4 to 9.0.5 (9.0 series)
Affected: 8.8.0 to 8.8.1 (8.8 series)
Affected: 8.0.2 to 8.0.8 (8.0 series)
Create a notification for this product.
Six Apart Ltd. Movable Type Premium (Software Edition) Affected: 9.0.4 (MTP 9.0 series)
Affected: 2.13 and earlier (MTP 2 series)
Create a notification for this product.
Six Apart Ltd. Movable Type Premium (Advanced Edition) (Software Edition) Affected: 9.0.4 (MTP 9.0 series)
Affected: 2.13 and earlier (MTP 2 series)
Create a notification for this product.
Six Apart Ltd. Movable Type (Cloud Edition) Affected: 9.0.5 (9 series)
Affected: 8.8.1 (8 series)
Create a notification for this product.
Six Apart Ltd. Movable Type Premium (Cloud Edition) Affected: 9.0.5 (9 series)
Affected: 2.12 (MTP 2 series)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-23698 (GCVE-0-2026-23698)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-07 16:10 – Updated: 2026-07-14 15:53 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Vtiger CRM 8.4.0 Authenticated RCE via Module Import File Upload
Summary
Vtiger CRM through 8.4.0 contains an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability in the admin module import feature that allows administrator-level attackers to upload arbitrary PHP files by submitting a crafted zip archive through the ModuleManager import function, which extracts contents directly into the modules/ directory under the web root without validating file types beyond the manifest.xml descriptor. Attackers can place executable PHP files in the modules/ directory that become directly accessible via HTTP, bypassing Vtiger's authentication and authorization layer entirely since Apache resolves the path and invokes the PHP interpreter before the application routing layer is involved, resulting in a persistent web shell independent of the originating session.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-07 17:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 8174 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Vtiger Vtiger CRM Affected: 0 , ≤ 8.4.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:vtiger:vtiger_crm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-06 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-23697 (GCVE-0-2026-23697)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-07 16:17 – Updated: 2026-07-14 15:53 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Vtiger CRM < 8.4.0 Authenticated File Upload RCE via Documents Module
Summary
Vtiger CRM before 8.4.0 contains an authenticated file upload vulnerability that allows low-privileged users to achieve remote code execution by uploading a .phar file containing arbitrary PHP code through the Documents module, bypassing the extension denylist in config.inc.php which omits the .phar extension. The uploaded file is stored with its original .phar extension under the web-accessible storage directory, and a misconfigured .htaccess using Apache 2.2 syntax is silently ignored on Apache 2.4 deployments, allowing unauthenticated HTTP requests to directly execute the uploaded PHP payload.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-07 17:31 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 8174 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Vtiger Vtiger CRM Affected: 0 , ≤ 8.3.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 8.4.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:vtiger:vtiger_crm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-06 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-23636 (GCVE-0-2026-23636)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-25 16:58 – Updated: 2026-03-27 14:56
VLAI
Title
Kiteworks Secure Data Forms is vulnerable to an Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Summary
Kiteworks is a private data network (PDN). In Kiteworks Secure Data Forms prior to version 9.2.1, the manager of a form could potentially exploit an Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type due to a missing validation. Upgrade Kiteworks to version 9.2.1 or later to receive a patch.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-27 14:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7861 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-23499 (GCVE-0-2026-23499)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-21 21:36 – Updated: 2026-01-22 16:50
VLAI
Title
Saleor vulnerable to stored XSS via Unrestricted File Upload
Summary
Saleor is an e-commerce platform. Starting in version 3.0.0 and prior to versions 3.20.108, 3.21.43, and 3.22.27, Saleor allowed authenticated staff users or Apps to upload arbitrary files, including malicious HTML and SVG files containing Javascript. Depending on the deployment strategy, these files may be served from the same domain as the dashboard without any restrictions leading to the execution of malicious scripts in the context of the user's browser. Malicious staff members could craft script injections to target other staff members, possibly stealing their access and/or refresh tokens. Users are vulnerable if they host the media files inside the same domain as the dashboard, e.g., dashboard is at `example.com/dashboard/` and media are under `example.com/media/`. They are not impact if media files are hosted in a different domain, e.g., `media.example.com`. Users are impacted if they do not return a `Content-Disposition: attachment` header for the media files. Saleor Cloud users are not impacted. This issue has been patched in versions: 3.22.27, 3.21.43, and 3.20.108. Some workarounds are available for those unable to upgrade. Configure the servers hosting the media files (e.g., CDN or reverse proxy) to return the Content-Disposition: attachment header. This instructs browsers to download the file instead of rendering them in the browser. Prevent the servers from returning HTML and SVG files. Set-up a `Content-Security-Policy` for media files, such as `Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'; base-uri 'none'; frame-ancestors 'none'; form-action 'none';`.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-22 15:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7861 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
saleor saleor Affected: >= 3.2.0, < 3.22.27
Affected: >= 3.1.0, < 3.21.43
Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.20.108
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-22799 (GCVE-0-2026-22799)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-12 22:05 – Updated: 2026-01-13 19:08
VLAI
Title
emlog Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability
Summary
Emlog is an open source website building system. emlog v2.6.1 and earlier exposes a REST API endpoint (/index.php?rest-api=upload) for media file uploads. The endpoint fails to implement proper validation of file types, extensions, and content, allowing authenticated attackers (with a valid API key or admin session cookie) to upload arbitrary files (including malicious PHP scripts) to the server. An attacker can obtain the API key either by gaining administrator access to enable the REST API setting, or via information disclosure vulnerabilities in the application. Once uploaded, the malicious PHP file can be executed to gain remote code execution (RCE) on the target server, leading to full server compromise.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-13 14:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7861 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
emlog emlog Affected: <= 2.6.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-22789 (GCVE-0-2026-22789)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-12 21:52 – Updated: 2026-01-13 19:41
VLAI
Title
WebErpMesv2 has a File Upload Validation Bypass Leading to RCE
Summary
WebErpMesv2 is a Resource Management and Manufacturing execution system Web for industry. Prior to 1.19, WebErpMesv2 contains a file upload validation bypass vulnerability in multiple controllers that allows authenticated users to upload arbitrary files, including PHP scripts, leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE). This vulnerability is identical in nature to CVE-2025-52130 but exists in different code locations that were not addressed by the original fix. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.19.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-13 19:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
  • CWE-616 - Incomplete Identification of Uploaded File Variables (PHP)
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7861 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SMEWebify WebErpMesv2 Affected: < 1.19
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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              "cweId": "CWE-616",
              "description": "CWE-616: Incomplete Identification of Uploaded File Variables (PHP)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-01-12T21:52:11.880Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/SMEWebify/WebErpMesv2/security/advisories/GHSA-64rv-f829-x6m4",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/SMEWebify/WebErpMesv2/security/advisories/GHSA-64rv-f829-x6m4"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/SMEWebify/WebErpMesv2/commit/c9e7f4a85aeb774a0ea4b61ad57a51b941166b69",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/SMEWebify/WebErpMesv2/commit/c9e7f4a85aeb774a0ea4b61ad57a51b941166b69"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-64rv-f829-x6m4",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "WebErpMesv2 has a File Upload Validation Bypass Leading to RCE"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-22789",
    "datePublished": "2026-01-12T21:52:11.880Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-01-09T18:27:19.388Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-01-13T19:41:31.721Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation
Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.