Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Weakness Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1003
PeerOf: CWE-351 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
PeerOf: CWE-436 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
PeerOf: CWE-430 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Architecture and Design

OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.

Detection methods

Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Web Application Scanner

Web Services Scanner

Database Scanners

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Fuzz Tester

Framework-based Fuzzer

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Manual Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source

Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)

Effectiveness: High

Automated Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Source code Weakness Analyzer

Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer

Effectiveness: High

Architecture or Design Review

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Relationship

This can have a chaining relationship with incomplete denylist / permissive allowlist errors when the product tries, but fails, to properly limit which types of files are allowed (CWE-183, CWE-184).

This can also overlap multiple interpretation errors for intermediaries, e.g. anti-virus products that do not remove or quarantine attachments with certain file extensions that can be processed by client systems.

Content history
Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.15

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-01-12 · CWE 1.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-12-28 · CWE 1.7

updated Applicable_Platforms, Functional_Areas, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

converted from Compound_Element to Weakness

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Name, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Type, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-04-05 · CWE 1.8.1

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated References, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-09-27 · CWE 1.10

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-09-13 · CWE 2.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Detection_Factors

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2015-12-07 · CWE 2.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Affected_Resources, Applicable_Platforms, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-09-19 · CWE 3.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-04-28 · CWE 4.7

updated Research_Gaps

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Alternate_Terms, Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-07-16 · CWE 4.15

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Detection_Factors, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Observed_Examples, References

6657 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2024-39865 (GCVE-0-2024-39865)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-09 12:05 – Updated: 2025-08-27 20:42
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in SINEMA Remote Connect Server (All versions < V3.2 SP1). The affected application allows users to upload encrypted backup files. As part of this backup, files can be restored without correctly checking the path of the restored file. This could allow an attacker with access to the backup encryption key to upload malicious files, that could potentially lead to remote code execution.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-09 13:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
siemens CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 88 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Siemens SINEMA Remote Connect Server Affected: 0 , < V3.2 SP1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
siemens sinema_remote_connect_server Affected: 0 , < 3.2 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:siemens:sinema_remote_connect_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-39752 (GCVE-0-2024-39752)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-10 14:15 – Updated: 2025-08-18 01:35
VLAI
Title
IBM Analytics Content Hub file upload
Summary
IBM Analytics Content Hub 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 could be vulnerable to malicious file upload by not validating the type of file uploaded to Explore Content. Attackers can make use of this weakness and upload malicious executable files into the system, and it can be sent to victim for performing further attacks.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-10 20:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
ibm CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 88/100 over 1651 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7234122 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM Analytics Content Hub Affected: 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:analytics_content_hub:2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:analytics_content_hub:2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:analytics_content_hub:2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:analytics_content_hub:2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-39397 (GCVE-0-2024-39397)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-14 11:57 – Updated: 2024-09-16 12:49
VLAI
Title
Adobe Commerce | Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (CWE-434)
Summary
Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.7-p1, 2.4.6-p6, 2.4.5-p8, 2.4.4-p9 and earlier are affected by an Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution by an attacker. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by uploading a malicious file which can then be executed on the server. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction, but attack complexity is high and scope is changed.
Severity
9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-14 14:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (CWE-434)
Assigner
adobe CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 879 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Adobe Adobe Commerce Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.4-p9 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
adobe commerce Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.7-p1 (custom)
Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.6-p6 (custom)
Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.5-p8 (custom)
Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.4-p9 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-08-13 17:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-38736 (GCVE-0-2024-38736)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-12 15:21 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:10
VLAI
Title
WordPress Realtyna Organic IDX plugin <= 4.14.13 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Realtyna Realtyna Organic IDX plugin allows Code Injection.This issue affects Realtyna Organic IDX plugin: from n/a through 4.14.13.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-12 17:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Realtyna Realtyna Organic IDX plugin Affected: n/a , ≤ 4.14.13 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
realtyna realtyna_organic_idx Affected: 0 , ≤ 4.14.13 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:realtyna:realtyna_organic_idx:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Peng Zhou (Patchstack Alliance)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-38734 (GCVE-0-2024-38734)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-12 15:18 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:10
VLAI
Title
WordPress Import Spreadsheets from Microsoft Excel plugin <= 10.1.4 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in SpreadsheetConverter Import Spreadsheets from Microsoft Excel allows Code Injection.This issue affects Import Spreadsheets from Microsoft Excel: from n/a through 10.1.4.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-24 15:35 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SpreadsheetConverter Import Spreadsheets from Microsoft Excel Affected: n/a , ≤ 10.1.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
spreadsheetconverter import_spreadsheets Affected: 0 , ≤ 10.1.4 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:spreadsheetconverter:import_spreadsheets:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Peng Zhou (Patchstack Alliance)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-38530 (GCVE-0-2024-38530)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-12 14:50 – Updated: 2024-08-12 15:30
VLAI
Title
Open eClass Platform allows Arbitrary File Upload in "modules/h5p/save.php"
Summary
The Open eClass platform (formerly known as GUnet eClass) is a complete Course Management System. An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the "save" functionality of the H5P module enables unauthenticated users to upload arbitrary files on the server's filesystem. This may lead in unrestricted RCE on the backend server, since the upload location is accessible from the internet. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.16.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-12 15:29 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7886 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
gunet openeclass Affected: <= 3.15
Create a notification for this product.
gunet open_eclass_platform Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.15 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:gunet:open_eclass_platform:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-38529 (GCVE-0-2024-38529)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-29 14:29 – Updated: 2024-08-02 04:12
VLAI
Title
Admidio Vulnerable to RCE via Arbitrary File Upload in Message Attachment
Summary
Admidio is a free, open source user management system for websites of organizations and groups. In Admidio before version 4.3.10, there is a Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in the Message module of the Admidio Application, where it is possible to upload a PHP file in the attachment. The uploaded file can be accessed publicly through the URL `{admidio_base_url}/adm_my_files/messages_attachments/{file_name}`. The vulnerability is caused due to the lack of file extension verification, allowing malicious files to be uploaded to the server and public availability of the uploaded file. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.3.10.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-29 16:25 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7886 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Admidio admidio Affected: < 4.3.10
Create a notification for this product.
admidio admidio Affected: 4.3.10
    cpe:2.3:a:admidio:admidio:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-37555 (GCVE-0-2024-37555)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-09 07:21 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:10
VLAI
Title
WordPress Generate PDF using Contact Form 7 plugin <= 4.1.2 - CSRF to Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in ZealousWeb Generate PDF using Contact Form 7 generate-pdf-using-contact-form-7.This issue affects Generate PDF using Contact Form 7: from n/a through <= 4.1.2.
Severity
9.6 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-09 14:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ZealousWeb Generate PDF using Contact Form 7 Affected: 0 , ≤ 4.1.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
zealousweb generate_pdf_using_contact_form_7 Affected: 0 , ≤ 4.0.6 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:zealousweb:generate_pdf_using_contact_form_7:-:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:26
Credits
Peng Zhou | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-37424 (GCVE-0-2024-37424)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-09 10:21 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
Title
WordPress Newspack Blocks plugin <= 3.0.8 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Automattic Newspack Blocks allows Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server.This issue affects Newspack Blocks: from n/a through 3.0.8.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-09 14:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Automattic Newspack Blocks Affected: n/a , ≤ 3.0.8 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
automattic newspack_newsletters Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.0.8 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:automattic:newspack_newsletters:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Rafie Muhammad (Patchstack)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-37420 (GCVE-0-2024-37420)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-09 10:18 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
Title
WordPress Zita Elementor Site Library plugin <= 1.6.1 - Arbitrary Code Execution vulnerability
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in WPZita Zita Elementor Site Library allows Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server.This issue affects Zita Elementor Site Library: from n/a through 1.6.1.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-11 20:19 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WPZita Zita Elementor Site Library Affected: n/a , ≤ 1.6.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
wpzita zita_elementor_site_library Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.6.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:wpzita:zita_elementor_site_library:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Majed Refaea (Patchstack Alliance)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation
Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

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