Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-434
Weakness AllowedUnrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Architecture and Design
OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.
Detection methods
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Effectiveness: High
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: High
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Relationship
This can have a chaining relationship with incomplete denylist / permissive allowlist errors when the product tries, but fails, to properly limit which types of files are allowed (CWE-183, CWE-184).
This can also overlap multiple interpretation errors for intermediaries, e.g. anti-virus products that do not remove or quarantine attachments with certain file extensions that can be processed by client systems.
Content history
Submission: PLOVER
· 2006-07-19
· CWE Draft 3
Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.15
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
Modification: Eric Dalci
· Cigital
· 2008-07-01
· CWE 1.0
updated Time_of_Introduction
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-01-12
· CWE 1.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-12-28
· CWE 1.7
updated Applicable_Platforms, Functional_Areas, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-02-16
· CWE 1.8
converted from Compound_Element to Weakness
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-02-16
· CWE 1.8
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Name, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Type, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-04-05
· CWE 1.8.1
updated Related_Attack_Patterns
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated References, Relationship_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-09-27
· CWE 1.10
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-12-13
· CWE 1.11
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-27
· CWE 2.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-09-13
· CWE 2.1
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-10-30
· CWE 2.3
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Detection_Factors
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2015-12-07
· CWE 2.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Affected_Resources, Applicable_Platforms, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-01-03
· CWE 3.2
updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Related_Attack_Patterns
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-09-19
· CWE 3.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Applicable_Platforms, Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationship_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-08-20
· CWE 4.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-07-20
· CWE 4.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-04-28
· CWE 4.7
updated Research_Gaps
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-06-28
· CWE 4.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-10-13
· CWE 4.9
updated References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-01-31
· CWE 4.10
updated Alternate_Terms, Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-07-16
· CWE 4.15
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-11-19
· CWE 4.16
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-09-09
· CWE 4.18
updated Detection_Factors, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Observed_Examples, References
6649 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-92247 (GCVE-0-2026-92247)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 02:45 – Updated: 2026-09-16 19:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
synaptikcms synaptik-cms Admin File Manager file-manager.php rename unrestricted upload
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in synaptikcms synaptik-cms up to 1.3.4.4. This affects the function rename of the file admin/file-manager.php of the component Admin File Manager. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.3.5 is able to mitigate this issue. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-16 19:16 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/404682 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/404682/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-92247 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/934183 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/d1n3sh-0x3/synaptikcms-securit… | exploit |
| https://github.com/synaptikcms/synaptik-cms/relea… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| synaptikcms | synaptik-cms |
Affected:
1.3.4.0
Affected: 1.3.4.1 Affected: 1.3.4.2 Affected: 1.3.4.3 Affected: 1.3.4.4 Unaffected: 1.3.5 cpe:2.3:a:synaptikcms:synaptik-cms:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-91849 (GCVE-0-2026-91849)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 15:30 – Updated: 2026-09-17 15:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WuzhiCMS Avatar Upload index.php setAvatar unrestricted upload
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in WuzhiCMS up to 4.1.0. This affects the function member::setAvatar of the file /index.php?m=member&f=user&v=setAvatar of the component Avatar Upload. The manipulation of the argument File results in unrestricted upload. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 15:18 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/404077 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/404077/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-91849 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/933702 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/wuzhicms/wuzhicms/issues/219 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/wuzhicms/wuzhicms/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-91844 (GCVE-0-2026-91844)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 13:42 – Updated: 2026-10-08 13:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Remote Code Execution via Unrestricted File Upload in İzometri Informatics' eimzamip
Summary
Unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type vulnerability in İzometri IT Services Domestic and Foreign Trade Co. Ltd. Eimzamip allows Using Malicious Files.
This issue affects eimzamip: from v1.6.4 before v1.6.6.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 13:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| İzometri IT Services Domestic and Foreign Trade Co. Ltd. | eimzamip |
Affected:
v1.6.4 , < v1.6.6
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-10-08 13:36
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CVE-2026-91005 (GCVE-0-2026-91005)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 06:15 – Updated: 2026-09-17 13:58 X_Freeware
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SourceCodester Online Faculty Clearance System Profile Picture Upload edit_picture.php move_uploaded_file unrestricted upload
Summary
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Online Faculty Clearance System 1.0. This affects the function move_uploaded_file of the file production/edit_picture.php of the component Profile Picture Upload. Performing a manipulation of the argument File results in unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 13:57 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403588 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403588/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-91005 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/932334 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/zzjzzzj389/cve/issues/1 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://www.sourcecodester.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Online Faculty Clearance System |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:online_faculty_clearance_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-90866 (GCVE-0-2026-90866)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 15:52 – Updated: 2026-10-30 17:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Virtual Folder Path Confinement Bypass in Progress WS_FTP Server
Summary
A path traversal vulnerability in Progress Software WS_FTP Server versions prior to 2024.0.7 and 2025.0.4 on Windows could allow a delegated Host Administrator to access locations outside their authorized scope, potentially enabling remote code execution.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 03:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://progress.lightning.force.com/lightning/r/… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Progress Software | WS_FTP Server |
Affected:
0 , < 2024.0.7
(custom)
Affected: 0 , < 2025.0.4 (custom) |
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CVE-2026-90864 (GCVE-0-2026-90864)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 15:50 – Updated: 2026-10-30 17:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Host Administrator Path Containment Bypass in Progress WS_FTP Server
Summary
A path traversal vulnerability in Progress Software WS_FTP Server versions prior to 2024.0.7 and 2025.0.4 on Windows could allow a delegated Host Administrator to access or modify files outside their authorized scope.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 03:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://progress.lightning.force.com/lightning/r/… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
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| Progress Software | WS_FTP Server |
Affected:
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Affected: 0 , < 2025.0.4 (custom) |
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CVE-2026-90857 (GCVE-0-2026-90857)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 03:15 – Updated: 2026-09-15 13:54 X_Freeware
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SourceCodester College Notes Gallery Management System Profile Upload userprofile.php unrestricted upload
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in SourceCodester College Notes Gallery Management System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /dashboard/userprofile.php of the component Profile Upload. Performing a manipulation of the argument image results in unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 13:54 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403414 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403414/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-90857 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/927266 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/OnlyCMJB/cve/issues/1 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://www.sourcecodester.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | College Notes Gallery Management System |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:college_notes_gallery_management_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-90603 (GCVE-0-2026-90603)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-13 23:00 – Updated: 2026-09-16 14:20 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Anil-matcha Open-Generative-AI S3 Upload upload-binary unrestricted upload
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in Anil-matcha Open-Generative-AI up to 1.0.11/2.0.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /api/upload-binary of the component S3 Upload. Such manipulation of the argument x-proxy-target-url leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The name of the patch is f013270957f75e439eaf97eb2a93decb32a4543e. Applying a patch is advised to resolve this issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-16 14:20 UTC
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403185 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403185/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-90603 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/914005 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Anil-matcha/Open-Generative-AI… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/Anil-matcha/Open-Generative-AI… | patch |
| https://github.com/Anil-matcha/Open-Generative-AI/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anil-matcha | Open-Generative-AI |
Affected:
1.0.0
Affected: 1.0.1 Affected: 1.0.2 Affected: 1.0.3 Affected: 1.0.4 Affected: 1.0.5 Affected: 1.0.6 Affected: 1.0.7 Affected: 1.0.8 Affected: 1.0.9 Affected: 1.0.10 Affected: 1.0.11 Affected: 2.0 cpe:2.3:a:anil-matcha:open-generative-ai:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-90519 (GCVE-0-2026-90519)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-13 12:15 – Updated: 2026-09-15 14:00 X_Freeware
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PHPGurukul Bank Locker Management System add-locker-form.php unrestricted upload
Summary
A weakness has been identified in PHPGurukul Bank Locker Management System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /blms/banker/add-locker-form.php. This manipulation of the argument addressproof causes unrestricted upload. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 13:42 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403106 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403106/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-90519 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/912224 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/wakakakaaaaha/vuln/issues/5 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://phpgurukul.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PHPGurukul | Bank Locker Management System |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:phpgurukul:bank_locker_management_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-90500 (GCVE-0-2026-90500)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-13 07:45 – Updated: 2026-09-14 18:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
lenve vhr Avatar Upload userface FastDFSUtils.upload unrestricted upload
Summary
A weakness has been identified in lenve vhr 1.0-SNAPSHOT. This vulnerability affects the function FastDFSUtils.upload of the file /hr/userface of the component Avatar Upload. This manipulation of the argument File causes unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 18:04 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403088 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403088/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-90500 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/892902 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/ArrestX/vhr-advisories/blob/ma… | exploit |
Impacted products
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.
Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation
Implementation
When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.