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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-416

Allowed

Use After Free

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Stable

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.

10818 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-X9XC-63HG-VCFQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-05 15:00 – Updated: 2025-04-01 22:59
VLAI
Summary
cassandra-rs's non-idiomatic use of iterators leads to use after free
Details

Impact

Code that attempts to use an item (e.g., a row) returned by an iterator after the iterator has advanced to the next item will be accessing freed memory and experience undefined behaviour. Code that uses the item and then advances the iterator is unaffected. This problem has always existed.

This is a use-after-free bug, so it's rated high severity. If your code uses a pre-3.0.0 version of cassandra-rs, and uses an item returned by a cassandra-rs iterator after calling next() on that iterator, then it is vulnerable. However, such code will almost always fail immediately - so we believe it is unlikely that any code using this pattern would have reached production. For peace of mind, we recommend you upgrade anyway.

Patches

The problem has been fixed in version 3.0.0. Users should upgrade to ensure their code cannot use the problematic pattern.

Workarounds

Ensure all usage fits the expected pattern. For example, use get_first_row() rather than an iterator, or completely process an item before advancing the iterator with next().

References

None.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "cassandra-cpp"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-27284"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-05T15:00:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-29T01:44:19Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nCode that attempts to use an item (e.g., a row) returned by an iterator after the iterator has advanced to the next item will be accessing freed memory and experience undefined behaviour. Code that uses the item and then advances the iterator is unaffected. This problem has always existed.\n\nThis is a use-after-free bug, so it\u0027s rated high severity. If your code uses a pre-3.0.0 version of cassandra-rs, and uses an item returned by a cassandra-rs iterator after calling `next()` on that iterator, then it is vulnerable. However, such code will almost always fail immediately - so we believe it is unlikely that any code using this pattern would have reached production. For peace of mind, we recommend you upgrade anyway.\n\n### Patches\nThe problem has been fixed in version 3.0.0. Users should upgrade to ensure their code cannot use the problematic pattern.\n\n### Workarounds\nEnsure all usage fits the expected pattern. For example, use `get_first_row()` rather than an iterator, or completely process an item before advancing the iterator with `next()`.\n\n### References\nNone.",
  "id": "GHSA-x9xc-63hg-vcfq",
  "modified": "2025-04-01T22:59:42Z",
  "published": "2024-04-05T15:00:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Metaswitch/cassandra-rs/security/advisories/GHSA-x9xc-63hg-vcfq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27284"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Metaswitch/cassandra-rs/commit/ae054dc8044eac9c2c7ae2b1ab154b53ca7f8df7"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Metaswitch/cassandra-rs"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2024-0017.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "cassandra-rs\u0027s non-idiomatic use of iterators leads to use after free"
}

GHSA-X9XH-344G-4QC3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-25 12:31 – Updated: 2026-09-04 15:35
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

usb: typec: ucsi: ccg: Fix use-after-free of ucsi on remove

The threaded IRQ handler ccg_irq_handler() calls ucsi_notify_common(), which on a connector-change event calls ucsi_connector_change() and schedules connector work. In ucsi_ccg_remove(), ucsi_destroy() frees uc->ucsi (kfree) before free_irq() is called, so a handler invocation already in flight may access the freed object after ucsi_destroy().

CPU 0 (remove) | CPU 1 (threaded IRQ) ucsi_destroy(uc->ucsi) | ccg_irq_handler() kfree(ucsi) // FREE | ucsi_notify_common(uc->ucsi) // USE

Move free_irq() before ucsi_destroy() in the remove path. It is kept after ucsi_unregister(): ucsi_unregister() cancels connector work whose handler issues GET_CONNECTOR_STATUS through ucsi_send_command_common(), which waits for a completion that is signalled from the IRQ handler, so the IRQ must stay active until that work has been cancelled.

The probe error path already orders free_irq() before ucsi_destroy().

This bug was found by static analysis.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-64329"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-25T10:17:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nusb: typec: ucsi: ccg: Fix use-after-free of ucsi on remove\n\nThe threaded IRQ handler ccg_irq_handler() calls ucsi_notify_common(),\nwhich on a connector-change event calls ucsi_connector_change() and\nschedules connector work.  In ucsi_ccg_remove(), ucsi_destroy() frees\nuc-\u003eucsi (kfree) before free_irq() is called, so a handler invocation\nalready in flight may access the freed object after ucsi_destroy().\n\n  CPU 0 (remove)            | CPU 1 (threaded IRQ)\n    ucsi_destroy(uc-\u003eucsi)  |   ccg_irq_handler()\n      kfree(ucsi) // FREE   |     ucsi_notify_common(uc-\u003eucsi) // USE\n\nMove free_irq() before ucsi_destroy() in the remove path.  It is kept\nafter ucsi_unregister(): ucsi_unregister() cancels connector work whose\nhandler issues GET_CONNECTOR_STATUS through ucsi_send_command_common(),\nwhich waits for a completion that is signalled from the IRQ handler, so\nthe IRQ must stay active until that work has been cancelled.\n\nThe probe error path already orders free_irq() before ucsi_destroy().\n\nThis bug was found by static analysis.",
  "id": "GHSA-x9xh-344g-4qc3",
  "modified": "2026-09-04T15:35:50Z",
  "published": "2026-07-25T12:31:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-64329"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a160076d3d0dcd4a98a4599ad96eec0790b099b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f0bdc2884b67de337215079bba166df0cdf4ac5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86c9ee928c4a370e323e432aaf8dca79c4ba7c85"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99381e762273a2410a3f0216000be32b013c0ea9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c32df11147822d22facee8fa30c2e8971d12f426"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbb500bad02146b388041877574829016591ddc8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1adeb1ff8bef1467d6961059810795d02bbad5d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f5c772b76bbd95de8be51cf849c6098f6af6fcf9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X9XH-3FFC-HR3F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:43 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:02
VLAI
Details

In removeInterfaceAddress of NetworkController.cpp, there is a possible use after free. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-9. Android ID: A-119496789.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-2030"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-19T20:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "In removeInterfaceAddress of NetworkController.cpp, there is a possible use after free. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-9. Android ID: A-119496789.",
  "id": "GHSA-x9xh-3ffc-hr3f",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T00:02:03Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:43:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-2030"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2019-04-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XC2G-3F28-FMC4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-18 00:32 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:31
VLAI
Details

A Use After Free vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows a locally authenticated attacker with low privileges to cause Denial of Service (DoS). In a rib sharding scenario the rpd process will crash shortly after specific CLI command is issued. This issue is more likely to occur in a scenario with high route scale (>1M routes). This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS 20.2 version 20.2R3-S5 and later versions prior to 20.2R3-S6; 20.3 version 20.3R3-S2 and later versions prior to 20.3R3-S5; 20.4 version 20.4R3-S1 and later versions prior to 20.4R3-S4 21.1 version 21.1R3 and later versions prior to 21.1R3-S3; 21.2 version 21.2R1-S2, 21.2R2-S1 and later versions prior to 21.2R3-S2; 21.3 version 21.3R2 and later versions prior to 21.3R3; 21.4 versions prior to 21.4R2-S1, 21.4R3; 22.1 versions prior to 22.1R2. Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved 20.4-EVO version 20.4R3-S1-EVO and later versions prior to 20.4R3-S6-EVO; 21.2-EVO version 21.2R1-S2-EVO and later versions prior to 21.2R3-S4-EVO; 21.3-EVO version 21.3R2-EVO and later versions prior to 21.3R3-S1-EVO; 21.4-EVO versions prior to 21.4R2-S1-EVO, 21.4R3-EVO; 22.1-EVO versions prior to 22.1R2-EVO.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-28980"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-17T22:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A Use After Free vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows a locally authenticated attacker with low privileges to cause Denial of Service (DoS). In a rib sharding scenario the rpd process will crash shortly after specific CLI command is issued. This issue is more likely to occur in a scenario with high route scale (\u003e1M routes). This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS 20.2 version 20.2R3-S5 and later versions prior to 20.2R3-S6; 20.3 version 20.3R3-S2 and later versions prior to 20.3R3-S5; 20.4 version 20.4R3-S1 and later versions prior to 20.4R3-S4 21.1 version 21.1R3 and later versions prior to 21.1R3-S3; 21.2 version 21.2R1-S2, 21.2R2-S1 and later versions prior to 21.2R3-S2; 21.3 version 21.3R2 and later versions prior to 21.3R3; 21.4 versions prior to 21.4R2-S1, 21.4R3; 22.1 versions prior to 22.1R2. Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved 20.4-EVO version 20.4R3-S1-EVO and later versions prior to 20.4R3-S6-EVO; 21.2-EVO version 21.2R1-S2-EVO and later versions prior to 21.2R3-S4-EVO; 21.3-EVO version 21.3R2-EVO and later versions prior to 21.3R3-S1-EVO; 21.4-EVO versions prior to 21.4R2-S1-EVO, 21.4R3-EVO; 22.1-EVO versions prior to 22.1R2-EVO.",
  "id": "GHSA-xc2g-3f28-fmc4",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T03:31:44Z",
  "published": "2023-04-18T00:32:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28980"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA70606"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XC48-FV99-QVRM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-11 06:30 – Updated: 2025-08-11 06:30
VLAI
Details

in OpenHarmony v5.0.3 and prior versions allow a local attacker arbitrary code execution in tcb through use after free.

Severity
8.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-27128"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-11T04:15:39Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "in OpenHarmony v5.0.3 and prior versions allow a local attacker arbitrary code execution in tcb through use after free.",
  "id": "GHSA-xc48-fv99-qvrm",
  "modified": "2025-08-11T06:30:31Z",
  "published": "2025-08-11T06:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27128"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitee.com/openharmony/security/blob/master/zh/security-disclosure/2025/2025-07.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XC6R-3CV9-8J8G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:31 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:31
VLAI
Details

Foxit PDF Reader Annotation Use-After-Free Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the handling of Annotation objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21869.

Severity
3.3 (Low)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-42093"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:15:46Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Foxit PDF Reader Annotation Use-After-Free Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the handling of Annotation objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21869.",
  "id": "GHSA-xc6r-3cv9-8j8g",
  "modified": "2024-05-03T03:31:01Z",
  "published": "2024-05-03T03:31:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42093"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1426"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XC9X-JJ77-9P9J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-05 20:22 – Updated: 2025-05-23 19:16
VLAI
Summary
Nokogiri update packaged libxml2 to v2.12.5 to resolve CVE-2024-25062
Details

Summary

Nokogiri upgrades its dependency libxml2 as follows: - Nokogiri v1.15.6 upgrades libxml2 to 2.11.7 from 2.11.6 - Nokogiri v1.16.2 upgrades libxml2 to 2.12.5 from 2.12.4

libxml2 v2.11.7 and v2.12.5 address the following vulnerability:

  • CVE-2024-25062 / https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-25062
  • described at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/604
  • patched by https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/92721970

Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 release announcements.

JRuby users are not affected.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri ~> 1.15.6 or >= 1.16.2.

Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link Nokogiri against patched external libxml2 libraries which will also address these same issues.

Impact

From the CVE description, this issue applies to the xmlTextReader module (which underlies Nokogiri::XML::Reader):

When using the XML Reader interface with DTD validation and XInclude expansion enabled, processing crafted XML documents can lead to an xmlValidatePopElement use-after-free.

Timeline

  • 2024-02-04 10:35 EST - this GHSA is drafted without complete details about when the upstream issue was introduced; a request is made of libxml2 maintainers for more detailed information
  • 2024-02-04 10:48 EST - updated GHSA to reflect libxml2 maintainers' confirmation of affected versions
  • 2024-02-04 11:54 EST - v1.16.2 published, this GHSA made public
  • 2024-02-05 10:18 EST - updated with MITRE link to the CVE information, and updated "Impact" section
  • 2024-03-16 09:03 EDT - v1.15.6 published (see discussion at https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/discussions/3146), updated mitigation information
  • 2024-03-18 22:12 EDT - update "affected products" range with v1.15.6 information
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "nokogiri"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.16.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.16.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "nokogiri"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.15.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-05T20:22:56Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nNokogiri upgrades its dependency libxml2 as follows:\n- Nokogiri v1.15.6 upgrades libxml2 to [2.11.7](https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/releases/v2.11.7) from 2.11.6\n- Nokogiri v1.16.2 upgrades libxml2 to [2.12.5](https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/releases/v2.12.5) from 2.12.4\n\nlibxml2 v2.11.7 and v2.12.5 address the following vulnerability:\n\n- CVE-2024-25062 / https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-25062\n  - described at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/604\n  - patched by https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/92721970\n\nPlease note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri, and only if the _packaged_ libraries are being used. If you\u0027ve overridden defaults at installation time to use _system_ libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro\u0027s `libxml2` release announcements.\n\nJRuby users are not affected.\n\n## Mitigation\n\nUpgrade to Nokogiri `~\u003e 1.15.6` or `\u003e= 1.16.2`.\n\nUsers who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile\nand link Nokogiri against patched external libxml2 libraries which will also address these same\nissues.\n\n## Impact\n\nFrom the CVE description, this issue applies to the `xmlTextReader` module (which underlies `Nokogiri::XML::Reader`):\n\n\u003e When using the XML Reader interface with DTD validation and XInclude expansion enabled, processing crafted XML documents can lead to an xmlValidatePopElement use-after-free.\n\n## Timeline\n\n- 2024-02-04 10:35 EST - this GHSA is drafted without complete details about when the upstream issue was introduced; a request is made of libxml2 maintainers for more detailed information\n- 2024-02-04 10:48 EST - updated GHSA to reflect libxml2 maintainers\u0027 confirmation of affected versions\n- 2024-02-04 11:54 EST - v1.16.2 published, this GHSA made public\n- 2024-02-05 10:18 EST - updated with MITRE link to the CVE information, and updated \"Impact\" section\n- 2024-03-16 09:03 EDT - v1.15.6 published (see discussion at https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/discussions/3146), updated mitigation information\n- 2024-03-18 22:12 EDT - update \"affected products\" range with v1.15.6 information",
  "id": "GHSA-xc9x-jj77-9p9j",
  "modified": "2025-05-23T19:16:35Z",
  "published": "2024-02-05T20:22:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-xc9x-jj77-9p9j"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25062"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/nokogiri/GHSA-xc9x-jj77-9p9j.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/discussions/3146"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/92721970"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/604"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/releases/v2.12.5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Nokogiri update packaged libxml2 to v2.12.5 to resolve CVE-2024-25062"
}

GHSA-XCC8-3VRQ-WJG2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-02 15:30 – Updated: 2025-03-07 18:30
VLAI
Details

A use-after-free vulnerability in WebCore::RenderLayer::addChild in WebKitGTK before 2.36.8 allows attackers to execute code remotely.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-25358"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-02T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A use-after-free vulnerability in WebCore::RenderLayer::addChild in WebKitGTK before 2.36.8 allows attackers to execute code remotely.",
  "id": "GHSA-xcc8-3vrq-wjg2",
  "modified": "2025-03-07T18:30:54Z",
  "published": "2023-03-02T15:30:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25358"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=242683"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/5OKKVEUQAAGH3NHMX3WHWKRPYU4QFKTQ"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/6QL5OGMSHRQ26FTYWZUXVNWB2VHOSVXK"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KC7DMUX37BRCLAI4VPQYHDUVEGTNYN5A"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/5OKKVEUQAAGH3NHMX3WHWKRPYU4QFKTQ"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/6QL5OGMSHRQ26FTYWZUXVNWB2VHOSVXK"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KC7DMUX37BRCLAI4VPQYHDUVEGTNYN5A"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-32"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/04/21/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XCFF-Q6MV-V46W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-28 12:30 – Updated: 2026-05-30 12:30
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

sched_ext: Read scx_root under scx_cgroup_ops_rwsem in cgroup setters

scx_group_set_{weight,idle,bandwidth}() cache scx_root before acquiring scx_cgroup_ops_rwsem, so the pointer can be stale by the time the op runs. If the loaded scheduler is disabled and freed (via RCU work) and another is enabled between the naked load and the rwsem acquire, the reader sees scx_cgroup_enabled=true (the new scheduler's) but dereferences the freed one - UAF on SCX_HAS_OP(sch, ...) / SCX_CALL_OP(sch, ...).

scx_cgroup_enabled is toggled only under scx_cgroup_ops_rwsem write (scx_cgroup_{init,exit}), so reading scx_root inside the rwsem read section correlates @sch with the enabled snapshot.

Severity
7.0 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-46154"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-28T10:16:31Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsched_ext: Read scx_root under scx_cgroup_ops_rwsem in cgroup setters\n\nscx_group_set_{weight,idle,bandwidth}() cache scx_root before acquiring\nscx_cgroup_ops_rwsem, so the pointer can be stale by the time the op runs.\nIf the loaded scheduler is disabled and freed (via RCU work) and another is\nenabled between the naked load and the rwsem acquire, the reader sees\nscx_cgroup_enabled=true (the new scheduler\u0027s) but dereferences the freed one\n- UAF on SCX_HAS_OP(sch, ...) / SCX_CALL_OP(sch, ...).\n\nscx_cgroup_enabled is toggled only under scx_cgroup_ops_rwsem write\n(scx_cgroup_{init,exit}), so reading scx_root inside the rwsem read section\ncorrelates @sch with the enabled snapshot.",
  "id": "GHSA-xcff-q6mv-v46w",
  "modified": "2026-05-30T12:30:25Z",
  "published": "2026-05-28T12:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46154"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0f54f6355575971673d8aac7da107ec4178e45bd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/80afd4c84bc8f5e80145ce35279f5ce53f6043db"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ce9aaa3af445c391735c9d000c4db60dfd5640d4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XCG5-9P3P-FGRJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-03-19 18:31
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

cgroup/dmem: avoid pool UAF

An UAF issue was observed:

BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in page_counter_uncharge+0x65/0x150 Write of size 8 at addr ffff888106715440 by task insmod/527

CPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 527 Comm: insmod 6.19.0-rc7-next-20260129+ #11 Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x82/0xd0 kasan_report+0xca/0x100 kasan_check_range+0x39/0x1c0 page_counter_uncharge+0x65/0x150 dmem_cgroup_uncharge+0x1f/0x260

Allocated by task 527:

Freed by task 0:

The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888106715400 which belongs to the cache kmalloc-512 of size 512 The buggy address is located 64 bytes inside of freed 512-byte region [ffff888106715400, ffff888106715600)

The buggy address belongs to the physical page:

Memory state around the buggy address: ffff888106715300: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc ffff888106715380: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc

ffff888106715400: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ^ ffff888106715480: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ffff888106715500: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb

The issue occurs because a pool can still be held by a caller after its associated memory region is unregistered. The current implementation frees the pool even if users still hold references to it (e.g., before uncharge operations complete).

This patch adds a reference counter to each pool, ensuring that a pool is only freed when its reference count drops to zero.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-23195"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-14T17:15:57Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncgroup/dmem: avoid pool UAF\n\nAn UAF issue was observed:\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in page_counter_uncharge+0x65/0x150\nWrite of size 8 at addr ffff888106715440 by task insmod/527\n\nCPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 527 Comm: insmod    6.19.0-rc7-next-20260129+ #11\nTainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE\nCall Trace:\n\u003cTASK\u003e\ndump_stack_lvl+0x82/0xd0\nkasan_report+0xca/0x100\nkasan_check_range+0x39/0x1c0\npage_counter_uncharge+0x65/0x150\ndmem_cgroup_uncharge+0x1f/0x260\n\nAllocated by task 527:\n\nFreed by task 0:\n\nThe buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888106715400\nwhich belongs to the cache kmalloc-512 of size 512\nThe buggy address is located 64 bytes inside of\nfreed 512-byte region [ffff888106715400, ffff888106715600)\n\nThe buggy address belongs to the physical page:\n\nMemory state around the buggy address:\nffff888106715300: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc\nffff888106715380: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc\n\u003effff888106715400: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb\n\t\t\t\t     ^\nffff888106715480: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb\nffff888106715500: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb\n\nThe issue occurs because a pool can still be held by a caller after its\nassociated memory region is unregistered. The current implementation frees\nthe pool even if users still hold references to it (e.g., before uncharge\noperations complete).\n\nThis patch adds a reference counter to each pool, ensuring that a pool is\nonly freed when its reference count drops to zero.",
  "id": "GHSA-xcg5-9p3p-fgrj",
  "modified": "2026-03-19T18:31:14Z",
  "published": "2026-02-14T18:30:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23195"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99a2ef500906138ba58093b9893972a5c303c734"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3081353acaa6a638dcf75726066ea556a2de8d5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Choose a language that provides automatic memory management.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

When freeing pointers, be sure to set them to NULL once they are freed. However, the utilization of multiple or complex data structures may lower the usefulness of this strategy.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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