Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-400

Discouraged

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

5435 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-MQ6C-FH97-4GWV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-07-18 21:20 – Updated: 2023-03-01 01:17
VLAI
Summary
Denial of Service vulnerability with large JSON payloads in fastify
Details

Affected versions of fastify are vulnerable to a denial of service when processing a request with Content-Type set to application/json and a very large payload.

Recommendation

Update to version 0.38.0 or later.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.37.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "fastify"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.38.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-3711"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:46:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-06-07T02:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Affected versions of `fastify` are vulnerable to a denial of service when processing a request with `Content-Type` set to `application/json` and a very large payload.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 0.38.0 or later.",
  "id": "GHSA-mq6c-fh97-4gwv",
  "modified": "2023-03-01T01:17:45Z",
  "published": "2018-07-18T21:20:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-3711"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify/pull/627"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify/commit/fabd2a011f2ffbb877394abe699f549513ffbd76"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/303632"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mq6c-fh97-4gwv"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/564"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Denial of Service vulnerability with large JSON payloads in fastify"
}

GHSA-MQ99-FG37-H9R3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-20 09:30 – Updated: 2026-02-23 09:31
VLAI
Details

User-controlled operations could have allowed Denial of Service in M-Files Server before 23.4.12528.1

due to uncontrolled memory consumption.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-0383"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-20T09:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "User-controlled operations could have allowed Denial of Service in M-Files Server before 23.4.12528.1\n\n due to uncontrolled memory consumption.",
  "id": "GHSA-mq99-fg37-h9r3",
  "modified": "2026-02-23T09:31:17Z",
  "published": "2023-04-20T09:30:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0383"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://empower.m-files.com/security-advisories/CVE-2023-0383"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://product.m-files.com/security-advisories/cve-2023-0383"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.m-files.com/about/trust-center/security-advisories/cve-2023-0383"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MQ9X-CJPV-8JJH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-12 06:30 – Updated: 2023-02-21 21:30
VLAI
Details

In log service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service in log service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-47354"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-12T04:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In log service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service in log service.",
  "id": "GHSA-mq9x-cjpv-8jjh",
  "modified": "2023-02-21T21:30:18Z",
  "published": "2023-02-12T06:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47354"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1621031430231134210"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MQJ6-43WR-G628

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-09 18:31 – Updated: 2025-09-10 15:31
VLAI
Details

An issue in Open5GS v2.7.2 and before allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted Create Session Request message to the SMF (PGW-C), using the IP address of a legitimate UE in the PDN Address Allocation (PAA) field

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-52322"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-09T16:15:33Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue in Open5GS v2.7.2 and before allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted Create Session Request message to the SMF (PGW-C), using the IP address of a legitimate UE in the PDN Address Allocation (PAA) field",
  "id": "GHSA-mqj6-43wr-g628",
  "modified": "2025-09-10T15:31:15Z",
  "published": "2025-09-09T18:31:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52322"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ZHENGHAOHELLO/BugReport/blob/main/CVE-2025-52322"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/open5gs/open5gs/discussions/3919"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MR39-XFW3-R82C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-10-26 12:00
VLAI
Details

An integer overflow leading to a heap-buffer overflow was found in the DwaCompressor of OpenEXR in versions before 3.0.1. An attacker could use this flaw to crash an application compiled with OpenEXR. This is a different flaw from CVE-2021-23215.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-26260"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190",
      "CWE-191",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-06-08T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An integer overflow leading to a heap-buffer overflow was found in the DwaCompressor of OpenEXR in versions before 3.0.1. An attacker could use this flaw to crash an application compiled with OpenEXR. This is a different flaw from CVE-2021-23215.",
  "id": "GHSA-mr39-xfw3-r82c",
  "modified": "2022-10-26T12:00:32Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:04:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26260"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1947582"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/07/msg00001.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/12/msg00022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BXFLD4ZAXKAIWO6ZPBCQEEDZB5IG676K"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5299"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MR3Q-G2MV-MR4Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-10 20:28 – Updated: 2025-10-13 15:46
VLAI
Summary
Sinatra is vulnerable to ReDoS through ETag header value generation
Details

Summary

There is a denial of service vulnerability in the If-Match and If-None-Match header parsing component of Sinatra, if the etag method is used when constructing the response and you are using Ruby < 3.2.

Details

Carefully crafted input can cause If-Match and If-None-Match header parsing in Sinatra to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. This header is typically involved in generating the ETag header value. Any applications that use the etag method when generating a response are impacted if they are using Ruby below version 3.2.

Resources

  • https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/issues/2120 (report)
  • https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/2121 (fix)
  • https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/1823 (older ReDoS vulnerability)
  • https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19104 (fix in Ruby >= 3.2)
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "sinatra"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-61921"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-10T20:28:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-10T20:15:38Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nThere is a denial of service vulnerability in the `If-Match` and `If-None-Match` header parsing component of Sinatra, if the `etag` method is used when constructing the response and you are using Ruby \u003c 3.2.\n\n### Details\n\nCarefully crafted input can cause `If-Match` and `If-None-Match` header parsing in Sinatra to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. This header is typically involved in generating the `ETag` header value. Any applications that use the `etag` method when generating a response are impacted if they are using Ruby below version 3.2.\n\n### Resources\n\n* https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/issues/2120 (report)\n* https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/2121 (fix)\n* https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/1823 (older ReDoS vulnerability)\n* https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19104 (fix in Ruby \u003e= 3.2)",
  "id": "GHSA-mr3q-g2mv-mr4q",
  "modified": "2025-10-13T15:46:28Z",
  "published": "2025-10-10T20:28:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/security/advisories/GHSA-mr3q-g2mv-mr4q"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61921"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/issues/2120"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/1823"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/2121"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/commit/3fe8c38dc405586f7ad8f2ac748aa53e9c3615bd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/commit/8ff496bd4877520599e1479d6efead39304edceb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19104"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/sinatra/CVE-2025-61921.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Sinatra is vulnerable to ReDoS through ETag header value generation"
}

GHSA-MR6X-V529-VFJ8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-12 00:00
VLAI
Details

In CmpChannelServer of CODESYS V3 in multiple versions an uncontrolled ressource consumption allows an unauthorized attacker to block new communication channel connections. Existing connections are not affected.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-30792"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-07-11T11:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In CmpChannelServer of CODESYS V3 in multiple versions an uncontrolled ressource consumption allows an unauthorized attacker to block new communication channel connections. Existing connections are not affected.",
  "id": "GHSA-mr6x-v529-vfj8",
  "modified": "2022-07-12T00:00:57Z",
  "published": "2022-07-12T00:00:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30792"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://customers.codesys.com/index.php?eID=dumpFile\u0026t=f\u0026f=17128\u0026token=bee4d8a57f19be289d623ec90135493b5f9179e3\u0026download="
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MR7Q-6QV6-FRX4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:39 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:31
VLAI
Details

The broadcast mode replay prevention functionality in ntpd in NTP before 4.2.8p9 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (reject broadcast mode packets) via a crafted broadcast mode packet.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-7427"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-01-13T16:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The broadcast mode replay prevention functionality in ntpd in NTP before 4.2.8p9 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (reject broadcast mode packets) via a crafted broadcast mode packet.",
  "id": "GHSA-mr7q-6qv6-frx4",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:31:11Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:39:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-7427"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bto.bluecoat.com/security-advisory/sa139"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbux03706en_us"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-16:39.ntp.asc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbhf03883en_us"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbhf03899en_us"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3707-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/633847"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://nwtime.org/ntp428p9_release"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://support.ntp.org/bin/view/Main/NtpBug3114"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://support.ntp.org/bin/view/Main/SecurityNotice#Recent_Vulnerabilities"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94447"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037354"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MR98-6QP8-6GPM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-04 03:30 – Updated: 2025-12-17 21:30
VLAI
Details

The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in watchOS 26.1, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, tvOS 26.1, visionOS 26.1. An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination or corrupt kernel memory.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-43462"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-04T02:15:51Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in watchOS 26.1, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, tvOS 26.1, visionOS 26.1. An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination or corrupt kernel memory.",
  "id": "GHSA-mr98-6qp8-6gpm",
  "modified": "2025-12-17T21:30:37Z",
  "published": "2025-11-04T03:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43462"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125632"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125634"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125637"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125638"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125639"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MR9Q-8286-4FV4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:24 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:24
VLAI
Details

The socket implementation in net/core/sock.c in the Linux kernel before 2.6.34 does not properly manage a backlog of received packets, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) by sending a large amount of network traffic, as demonstrated by netperf UDP tests.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2010-4251"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2011-05-26T16:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The socket implementation in net/core/sock.c in the Linux kernel before 2.6.34 does not properly manage a backlog of received packets, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) by sending a large amount of network traffic, as demonstrated by netperf UDP tests.",
  "id": "GHSA-mr9q-8286-4fv4",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:24:36Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:24:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-4251"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=657303"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=8eae939f1400326b06d0c9afe53d2a484a326871"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commit;h=8eae939f1400326b06d0c9afe53d2a484a326871"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://kerneltrap.org/mailarchive/linux-netdev/2010/3/3/6271093/thread"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/46397"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/ChangeLog-2.6.34"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/520102/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/46637"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2011-0012.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
  • The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
  • The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
  • recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
  • uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.

CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death

An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.

CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement

An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.