CWE-400
DiscouragedUncontrolled Resource Consumption
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
5577 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-733M-275P-P27Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:16 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:50CServer::SendMsg in engine/server/server.cpp in Teeworlds 0.7.x before 0.7.5 allows remote attackers to shut down the server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-12066"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-22T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "CServer::SendMsg in engine/server/server.cpp in Teeworlds 0.7.x before 0.7.5 allows remote attackers to shut down the server.",
"id": "GHSA-733m-275p-p27q",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:50:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:16:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/teeworlds/teeworlds/commit/c68402fa7e279d42886d5951d1ea8ac2facc1ea5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AVYG7CCPS5F3OPOQMJKVNXTQ7BXSEX2V"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AVYG7CCPS5F3OPOQMJKVNXTQ7BXSEX2V"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4553-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.teeworlds.com/forum/viewtopic.php?id=14785"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-04/msg00044.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-04/msg00045.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-733V-P3H5-QPQ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-25 15:14 – Updated: 2025-04-29 16:45Summary
A query cost restriction using the cost-limit can be bypassed if ignoreIntrospection is enabled (which is the default configuration) by naming your query/fragment __schema.
Details
At the start of the computeComplexity function, we have the following check for ignoreIntrospection option:
if (this.config.ignoreIntrospection && 'name' in node && node.name?.value === '__schema') {
return 0;
}
However, the node can be FieldNode | FragmentDefinitionNode | InlineFragmentNode | OperationDefinitionNode | FragmentSpreadNode
So, for example, sending the following query
query hello {
books {
title
}
}
would create an OperationDefinitionNode with node.name.value == 'hello'
The proper way to handle this would be to check for the __schema field, which would create a FieldNode.
The fix is
if (
this.config.ignoreIntrospection &&
'name' in node &&
node.name?.value === '__schema' &&
node.kind === Kind.FIELD
) {
return 0;
}
to assert that the node must be a FieldNode
PoC
query {
...__schema
}
fragment __schema on Query {
books {
title
author
}
}
query __schema {
books {
title
author
}
}
Impact
Applications using GraphQL Armor Cost Limit plugin with ignoreIntrospection enabled.
Fix:
Fixed on 772. A quick patch would be to set ignoreIntrospection to false.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@escape.tech/graphql-armor-cost-limit"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-25T15:14:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nA query cost restriction using the `cost-limit` can be bypassed if `ignoreIntrospection` is enabled (which is the default configuration) by naming your query/fragment `__schema`.\n\n### Details\nAt the start of the `computeComplexity` function, we have the following check for `ignoreIntrospection` option:\n\n```ts\n if (this.config.ignoreIntrospection \u0026\u0026 \u0027name\u0027 in node \u0026\u0026 node.name?.value === \u0027__schema\u0027) {\n return 0;\n }\n```\n\nHowever, the `node` can be `FieldNode | FragmentDefinitionNode | InlineFragmentNode | OperationDefinitionNode | FragmentSpreadNode`\n\nSo, for example, sending the following query\n\n```gql\nquery hello {\n books {\n title\n }\n}\n```\n\nwould create an `OperationDefinitionNode` with `node.name.value == \u0027hello\u0027`\n\nThe proper way to handle this would be to check for the `__schema` field, which would create a `FieldNode`.\n\nThe fix is\n\n```ts\n if (\n this.config.ignoreIntrospection \u0026\u0026\n \u0027name\u0027 in node \u0026\u0026\n node.name?.value === \u0027__schema\u0027 \u0026\u0026\n node.kind === Kind.FIELD\n ) {\n return 0;\n }\n```\n\nto assert that the node must be a `FieldNode`\n\n### PoC\n```gql\nquery {\n ...__schema\n}\n\nfragment __schema on Query {\n books {\n title\n author\n }\n}\n```\n\n```gql\nquery __schema {\n books {\n title\n author\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Impact\nApplications using GraphQL Armor Cost Limit plugin with `ignoreIntrospection` enabled.\n\n### Fix:\nFixed on [772](https://github.com/Escape-Technologies/graphql-armor/pull/772). A quick patch would be to set `ignoreIntrospection` to false.",
"id": "GHSA-733v-p3h5-qpq7",
"modified": "2025-04-29T16:45:56Z",
"published": "2025-04-25T15:14:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Escape-Technologies/graphql-armor/security/advisories/GHSA-733v-p3h5-qpq7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Escape-Technologies/graphql-armor/pull/772"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Escape-Technologies/graphql-armor/commit/5a329541cf32a359ee1f69748738f91231b26eba"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Escape-Technologies/graphql-armor"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "GraphQL Armor Cost-Limit Plugin Bypass via Introspection Query Obfuscation"
}
GHSA-735F-PC8J-V9W8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-19 16:06 – Updated: 2025-09-10 20:53Summary
When parsing unknown fields in the Protobuf Java Lite and Full library, a maliciously crafted message can cause a StackOverflow error and lead to a program crash.
Reporter: Alexis Challande, Trail of Bits Ecosystem Security Team ecosystem@trailofbits.com
Affected versions: This issue affects all versions of both the Java full and lite Protobuf runtimes, as well as Protobuf for Kotlin and JRuby, which themselves use the Java Protobuf runtime.
Severity
CVE-2024-7254 High CVSS4.0 Score 8.7 (NOTE: there may be a delay in publication) This is a potential Denial of Service. Parsing nested groups as unknown fields with DiscardUnknownFieldsParser or Java Protobuf Lite parser, or against Protobuf map fields, creates unbounded recursions that can be abused by an attacker.
Proof of Concept
For reproduction details, please refer to the unit tests (Protobuf Java LiteTest and CodedInputStreamTest) that identify the specific inputs that exercise this parsing weakness.
Remediation and Mitigation
We have been working diligently to address this issue and have released a mitigation that is available now. Please update to the latest available versions of the following packages: * protobuf-java (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2) * protobuf-javalite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2) * protobuf-kotlin (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2) * protobuf-kotlin-lite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2) * com-protobuf [JRuby gem only] (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.25.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.25.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.25.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin-lite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.25.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "google-protobuf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.25.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "google-protobuf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0.rc.1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.27.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "google-protobuf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.28.0.rc.1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.28.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin-lite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.27.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin-lite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.28.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.28.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.27.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.28.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.28.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.27.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.28.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.28.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.27.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.28.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.28.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7254"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-400",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-09-19T16:06:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-19T01:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nWhen parsing unknown fields in the Protobuf Java Lite and Full library, a maliciously crafted message can cause a StackOverflow error and lead to a program crash.\n\nReporter: Alexis Challande, Trail of Bits Ecosystem Security Team \u003cecosystem@trailofbits.com\u003e\n\nAffected versions: This issue affects all versions of both the Java full and lite Protobuf runtimes, as well as Protobuf for Kotlin and JRuby, which themselves use the Java Protobuf runtime.\n\n### Severity\n[CVE-2024-7254](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-7254) **High** CVSS4.0 Score 8.7 (NOTE: there may be a delay in publication)\nThis is a potential Denial of Service. Parsing nested groups as unknown fields with DiscardUnknownFieldsParser or Java Protobuf Lite parser, or against Protobuf map fields, creates unbounded recursions that can be abused by an attacker.\n\n### Proof of Concept\nFor reproduction details, please refer to the unit tests (Protobuf Java [LiteTest](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/a037f28ff81ee45ebe008c64ab632bf5372242ce/java/lite/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteTest.java) and [CodedInputStreamTest](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/a037f28ff81ee45ebe008c64ab632bf5372242ce/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamTest.java)) that identify the specific inputs that exercise this parsing weakness.\n\n### Remediation and Mitigation\nWe have been working diligently to address this issue and have released a mitigation that is available now. Please update to the latest available versions of the following packages:\n* protobuf-java (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* protobuf-javalite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* protobuf-kotlin (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* protobuf-kotlin-lite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* com-protobuf [JRuby gem only] (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)",
"id": "GHSA-735f-pc8j-v9w8",
"modified": "2025-09-10T20:53:03Z",
"published": "2024-09-19T16:06:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-735f-pc8j-v9w8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/4728531c162f2f9e8c2ca1add713cfee2db6be3b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/850fcce9176e2c9070614dab53537760498c926b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/9a5f5fe752a20cbac2e722b06949ac985abdd534"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/ac9fb5b4c71b0dd80985b27684e265d1f03abf46"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/cc8b3483a5584b3301e3d43d17eb59704857ffaa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/d6c82fc55a76481c676f541a255571e8950bb8c3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/google-protobuf/CVE-2024-7254.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241213-0010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250418-0006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "protobuf-java has potential Denial of Service issue"
}
GHSA-736H-7P7R-VH9C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-17 00:32 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:31Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.37 and prior and 8.4.0 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.5 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21171"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-16T23:15:20Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.37 and prior and 8.4.0 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.5 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-736h-7p7r-vh9c",
"modified": "2025-11-04T18:31:08Z",
"published": "2024-07-17T00:32:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21171"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240801-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2024.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-737H-R3Q7-C58R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-13 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:30GQUIC dissector crash in Wireshark 4.0.0 to 4.0.4 and 3.6.0 to 3.6.12 allows denial of service via packet injection or crafted capture file
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-1994"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-476"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-12T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "GQUIC dissector crash in Wireshark 4.0.0 to 4.0.4 and 3.6.0 to 3.6.12 allows denial of service via packet injection or crafted capture file",
"id": "GHSA-737h-r3q7-c58r",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:30:37Z",
"published": "2023-04-13T00:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1994"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2023/CVE-2023-1994.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/issues/18947"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/04/msg00029.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/09/msg00049.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EHLTD25WNQSPQNELX52UH6YLP4TBLKTT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FZA7IMATNNQPLIM6WMRPM3T5ZY24NRR2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PFJERBHVWYLYWXO2B3V47QH66IEB6EZ3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EHLTD25WNQSPQNELX52UH6YLP4TBLKTT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FZA7IMATNNQPLIM6WMRPM3T5ZY24NRR2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PFJERBHVWYLYWXO2B3V47QH66IEB6EZ3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202309-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5429"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wireshark.org/security/wnpa-sec-2023-11.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-73JC-5MRQ-PRW7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-19 20:10 – Updated: 2026-07-06 22:53Impact
In deployments where untrusted users can provide SQL queries to be linted, an untrusted user can submit a malicious long query to any application using the parser to trigger a Denial of Service through resource exhaustion.
Patches
Versions 4.2.0 and up contain a configurable parse node limit, which is enabled by default, to prevent this manner of exploit.
Credit
Ori Nakar from Imperva Threat Research Team.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "sqlfluff"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46374"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-19T20:10:53Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T23:16:59Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nIn deployments where untrusted users can provide SQL queries to be linted, an untrusted user can submit a malicious long query to any application using the parser to trigger a Denial of Service through resource exhaustion.\n\n### Patches\n\nVersions 4.2.0 and up contain a configurable parse node limit, which is enabled by default, to prevent this manner of exploit.\n\n### Credit\n\nOri Nakar from Imperva Threat Research Team.",
"id": "GHSA-73jc-5mrq-prw7",
"modified": "2026-07-06T22:53:28Z",
"published": "2026-05-19T20:10:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sqlfluff/sqlfluff/security/advisories/GHSA-73jc-5mrq-prw7"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46374"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/sqlfluff/PYSEC-2026-210.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/sqlfluff/sqlfluff"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "SQLFluff: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in SQLFluff Parser"
}
GHSA-73M2-3PWG-5FGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-02-04 03:07 – Updated: 2024-11-19 15:34Impact
When waitress receives a header that contains invalid characters it will cause the regular expression engine to catastrophically backtrack causing the process to use 100% CPU time and blocking any other interactions.
This would allow an attacker to send a single request with an invalid header and take the service offline.
Invalid header example:
Bad-header: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\x10
Increasing the number of x's in the header will increase the amount of time Waitress spends in the regular expression engine.
This issue was introduced in version 1.4.2 when the regular expression was updated to attempt to match the behaviour required by errata associated with RFC7230.
Patches
The regular expression that is used to validate incoming headers has been updated in version 1.4.3, it is recommended that people upgrade to the new version of Waitress as soon as possible.
Workarounds
If you have deployed a reverse proxy in front of Waitress it may already be rejecting requests that include invalid headers.
Thanks
The Pylons Project would like to thank Fil Zembowicz for reaching out and disclosing this vulnerability!
References
Catastrophic backtracking explained: https://www.regular-expressions.info/catastrophic.html
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
- open an issue at https://github.com/Pylons/waitress/issues (if not sensitive or security related)
- email the Pylons Security mailing list: pylons-project-security@googlegroups.com (if security related)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "waitress"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.4.2"
},
{
"fixed": "1.4.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"1.4.2"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-5236"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-02-04T03:06:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nWhen waitress receives a header that contains invalid characters it will cause the regular expression engine to catastrophically backtrack causing the process to use 100% CPU time and blocking any other interactions.\n\nThis would allow an attacker to send a single request with an invalid header and take the service offline.\n\nInvalid header example:\n\n```\nBad-header: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\\x10\n```\n\nIncreasing the number of `x`\u0027s in the header will increase the amount of time Waitress spends in the regular expression engine.\n\nThis issue was introduced in version 1.4.2 when the regular expression was updated to attempt to match the behaviour required by errata associated with RFC7230.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe regular expression that is used to validate incoming headers has been updated in version 1.4.3, it is recommended that people upgrade to the new version of Waitress as soon as possible.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf you have deployed a reverse proxy in front of Waitress it may already be rejecting requests that include invalid headers.\n\n### Thanks\n\nThe Pylons Project would like to thank [Fil Zembowicz](https://github.com/fzembow) for reaching out and disclosing this vulnerability!\n\n### References\n\nCatastrophic backtracking explained: https://www.regular-expressions.info/catastrophic.html\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n- open an issue at https://github.com/Pylons/waitress/issues (if not sensitive or security related)\n- email the Pylons Security mailing list: pylons-project-security@googlegroups.com (if security related)",
"id": "GHSA-73m2-3pwg-5fgc",
"modified": "2024-11-19T15:34:34Z",
"published": "2020-02-04T03:07:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Pylons/waitress/security/advisories/GHSA-73m2-3pwg-5fgc"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5236"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Pylons/waitress/commit/6e46f9e3f014d64dd7d1e258eaf626e39870ee1f"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Pylons/waitress"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/waitress/PYSEC-2020-155.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Catastrophic backtracking in regex allows Denial of Service in Waitress"
}
GHSA-73PF-MVFQ-RGHP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:43 – Updated: 2025-04-09 04:14Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 7.0.6000.16711 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (unusable browser) by calling the window.print function in a loop, aka a "printing DoS attack," possibly a related issue to CVE-2009-0821.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-3270"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-09-18T22:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 7.0.6000.16711 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (unusable browser) by calling the window.print function in a loop, aka a \"printing DoS attack,\" possibly a related issue to CVE-2009-0821.",
"id": "GHSA-73pf-mvfq-rghp",
"modified": "2025-04-09T04:14:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:43:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-3270"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A6281"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://websecurity.com.ua/2872"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/506328/100/100/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/79354"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-73PJ-G97W-QP62
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:02A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC NET CP 343-1 Advanced (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions), SIMATIC NET CP 343-1 Lean (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions), SIMATIC NET CP 343-1 Standard (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions). Specially crafted packets sent to TCP port 102 could cause a Denial-of-Service condition on the affected devices. A cold restart might be necessary in order to recover.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25242"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-12T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC NET CP 343-1 Advanced (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions), SIMATIC NET CP 343-1 Lean (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions), SIMATIC NET CP 343-1 Standard (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions). Specially crafted packets sent to TCP port 102 could cause a Denial-of-Service condition on the affected devices. A cold restart might be necessary in order to recover.",
"id": "GHSA-73pj-g97w-qp62",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:02:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:02:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25242"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-676775.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-131-07"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-73QC-88CX-HQMH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:09 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:09The mxmlDelete function in mxml-node.c in mxml 2.9, 2.7, and possibly earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (stack consumption) via crafted xml file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-4570"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-02-03T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The mxmlDelete function in mxml-node.c in mxml 2.9, 2.7, and possibly earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (stack consumption) via crafted xml file.",
"id": "GHSA-73qc-88cx-hqmh",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:09:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:09:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4570"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1334648"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/01/msg00018.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/05/09/16"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/05/11/14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/90315"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement
An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.