Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-372
DiscouragedIncomplete Internal State Distinction
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not properly determine which state it is in, causing it to assume it is in state X when in fact it is in state Y, causing it to perform incorrect operations in a security-relevant manner.
17 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-84897 (GCVE-0-2026-84897)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 02:42 – Updated: 2026-10-07 18:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
wolfSSH server accepts server-to-client DH group exchange messages from an unauthenticated client, causing pre-authentication primality-test CPU exhaustion and key exchange role confusion
Summary
src/internal.c in wolfSSL wolfSSH through 1.5.0 admits the server-to-client Diffie-Hellman group exchange messages SSH_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP (31) and SSH_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY (33) when a server receives them from an unauthenticated client. IsMessageAllowedServer() applies no direction check to the key exchange message range: when the peer is keying and no particular message is expected, which is the state a server is in for the whole window after it processes the client's KEXINIT because nothing sets handshake->expectMsgId there, the function falls out of its expectation branch without a verdict and reaches a numeric bound that admits every message id from 30 through 34. A client that negotiates diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256 and then sends message 31 makes the server run the client-side handler DoKexDhGexGroup(), which validates the attacker-supplied group with two 8-round Miller-Rabin primality tests, one on p and one on (p-1)/2, on a value of up to 8192 bits. The handler then returns success: the server stores the attacker's prime and generator, generates a Diffie-Hellman key pair in the attacker's group, and sends the client-role message SSH_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT (32) back to the attacker. Published RFC 3526 safe primes are the worst-case input and cost the attacker nothing to obtain. The primality validation was added in 1.5.0; versions from 1.2.0 through 1.4.22 admit the same message and enter the same client-role path without the primality cost. Message 33 is admitted as well, but on a server it is rejected before any cryptography because no public key check callback is registered, so it carries no comparable cost. Builds that define WOLFSSH_NO_DH_GEX_SHA256, which is implied by WOLFSSH_NO_DH or NO_SHA256, are unaffected.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 18:36 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssh/pull/1221 | patch |
| https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssh/commit/a472f1e… | patch |
| https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4419.html | technical-description |
| https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3526.html | technical-description |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wolfSSL Inc. | wolfSSH |
Affected:
1.2.0 , ≤ 1.5.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-41388 (GCVE-0-2026-41388)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-28 18:09 – Updated: 2026-04-29 13:31 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.3.31 - Configuration Rehydration via Empty-Array Revocation Handling
Summary
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a configuration management vulnerability where startup migration treats empty-array settings as missing values. Attackers can restart the application to rehydrate revoked Tlon configuration from file state, bypassing intended revocation controls.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-29 13:28 UTC
CWE
- CWE-372 - Incomplete Internal State Distinction
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/a4d72… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-con… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-03-31 00:00
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CVE-2026-41340 (GCVE-0-2026-41340)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-23 21:57 – Updated: 2026-04-24 16:40 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.3.31 - Authentication Boundary Bypass via Telegram Legacy allowFrom Migration
Summary
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains an authentication boundary vulnerability where Telegram legacy allowFrom migration incorrectly fans default-account trust into all named accounts. Attackers can exploit this trust propagation to bypass authentication controls and gain unauthorized access to named accounts.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-24 16:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-372 - Incomplete Internal State Distinction
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/d8c68… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-aut… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-03-31 00:00
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CVE-2026-41300 (GCVE-0-2026-41300)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-20 23:08 – Updated: 2026-05-26 11:52 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.3.31 - Preservation of Attacker-Discovered Endpoints in Remote Onboarding
Summary
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a trust-decline vulnerability that preserves attacker-discovered endpoints in remote onboarding flows. Attackers can route gateway credentials to malicious endpoints by having their discovered URL survive the trust decline process into manual prompts requiring operator acceptance.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-21 13:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-372 - Incomplete Internal State Distinction
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/2a754… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-att… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-03-31 00:00
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CVE-2023-54406 (GCVE-0-2023-54406)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 22:21 – Updated: 2026-10-12 22:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Frappe before 14.59.0 Safe Execution Flag Bypass in Server Scripts
Summary
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Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-372 - Incomplete Internal State Distinction
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/frappe/frappe/security/advisor… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/frappe-befor… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2023-12-18 00:00
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CVE-2023-36834 (GCVE-0-2023-36834)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-14 17:04 – Updated: 2024-10-22 14:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Junos OS: SRX 4600 and SRX 5000 Series: The receipt of specific genuine packets by SRXes configured for L2 transparency will cause a DoS
Summary
An Incomplete Internal State Distinction vulnerability in the packet forwarding engine (PFE) of Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX 4600 and SRX 5000 Series allows an adjacent attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS).
If an SRX is configured in L2 transparent mode the receipt of a specific genuine packet can cause a single Packet Processing Engines (PPE) component of the PFE to run into a loop, which in turn will render the PPE unavailable. Each packet will cause one PPE to get into a loop, leading to a gradual performance degradation until all PPEs are unavailable and all traffic processing stops. To recover the affected FPC need to be restarted.
This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX 4600 and SRX 5000 Series:
20.1 version 20.1R1 and later versions;
20.2 versions prior to 20.2R3-S7;
20.3 version 20.3R1 and later versions;
20.4 versions prior to 20.4R3-S7;
21.1 versions prior to 21.1R3-S5;
21.2 versions prior to 21.2R3-S3;
21.3 versions prior to 21.3R3-S3;
21.4 versions prior to 21.4R3-S1;
22.1 versions prior to 22.1R3;
22.2 versions prior to 22.2R2;
22.3 versions prior to 22.3R1-S1, 22.3R2.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-22 14:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-372 - Incomplete Internal State Distinction
- Denial of Service (DoS)
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Affected:
20.1 , < 20.1*
(custom)
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Date Public
2023-07-12 16:00
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CVE-2023-31127 (GCVE-0-2023-31127)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-08 20:05 – Updated: 2025-01-28 20:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DMTF-2023-0001: SPDM mutual authentication bypass
Summary
libspdm is a sample implementation that follows the DMTF SPDM specifications. A vulnerability has been identified in SPDM session establishment in libspdm prior to version 2.3.1. If a device supports both DHE session and PSK session with mutual
authentication, the attacker may be able to establish the session with `KEY_EXCHANGE` and `PSK_FINISH` to bypass the mutual authentication. This is most likely to happen when the Requester begins a session using one method (DHE, for example) and then uses the other method's finish (PSK_FINISH in this example) to establish the session. The session hashes would be expected to fail in this case, but the condition was not detected.
This issue only impacts the SPDM responder, which supports `KEY_EX_CAP=1 and `PSK_CAP=10b` at same time with mutual authentication requirement. The SPDM requester is not impacted. The SPDM responder is not impacted if `KEY_EX_CAP=0` or `PSK_CAP=0` or `PSK_CAP=01b`. The SPDM responder is not impacted if mutual authentication is not required.
libspdm 1.0, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 are all impacted. Older branches are not maintained, but users of the 2.3 branch may receive a patch in version 2.3.2. The SPDM specification (DSP0274) does not contain this vulnerability.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-28 20:51 UTC
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/DMTF/libspdm/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/DMTF/libspdm/pull/2006 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/DMTF/libspdm/pull/2007 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2023-4012 (GCVE-0-2023-4012)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-07 17:30 – Updated: 2026-06-22 04:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Incomplete Internal State Distinction in ntpsec
Summary
ntpd will crash if the server is not NTS-enabled (no certificate) and it receives an NTS-enabled client request (mode 3).
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-30 15:47 UTC
CWE
- CWE-372 - Incomplete Internal State Distinction
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/NTPsec/ntpsec/-/issues/794 | issue-tracking |
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CVE-2021-25735 (GCVE-0-2021-25735)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-06 11:32 – Updated: 2024-09-16 23:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Validating Admission Webhook does not observe some previous fields
Summary
A security issue was discovered in kube-apiserver that could allow node updates to bypass a Validating Admission Webhook. Clusters are only affected by this vulnerability if they run a Validating Admission Webhook for Nodes that denies admission based at least partially on the old state of the Node object. Validating Admission Webhook does not observe some previous fields.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-372 - Incomplete Internal State Distinction
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-a… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/100096 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kubernetes | Kubernetes |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ 1.18.17
(custom)
Affected: unspecified , ≤ 1.19.9 (custom) Affected: unspecified , ≤ 1.20.5 (custom) |
Date Public
2021-04-14 00:00
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CVE-2020-27222 (GCVE-0-2020-27222)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-03 15:45 – Updated: 2024-08-04 16:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In Eclipse Californium version 2.3.0 to 2.6.0, the certificate based (x509 and RPK) DTLS handshakes accidentally fails, because the DTLS server side sticks to a wrong internal state. That wrong internal state is set by a previous certificate based DTLS handshake failure with TLS parameter mismatch. The DTLS server side must be restarted to recover this. This allow clients to force a DoS.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-372 - Incomplete Internal State Distinction
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=570844 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Eclipse Foundation | Eclipse Californium |
Affected:
[2.3.0, 2.6.0]
|
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No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-140: Bypassing of Intermediate Forms in Multiple-Form Sets
Some web applications require users to submit information through an ordered sequence of web forms. This is often done if there is a very large amount of information being collected or if information on earlier forms is used to pre-populate fields or determine which additional information the application needs to collect. An attacker who knows the names of the various forms in the sequence may be able to explicitly type in the name of a later form and navigate to it without first going through the previous forms. This can result in incomplete collection of information, incorrect assumptions about the information submitted by the attacker, or other problems that can impair the functioning of the application.
CAPEC-74: Manipulating State
The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.
State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.
If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.