CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1207 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GWG2-QH78-562M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-15 09:31 – Updated: 2026-05-18 18:31VMware Fusion contains a TOCTOU (Time-of-check Time-of-use) vulnerability that occurs during an operation performed by a SETUID binary. A malicious actor with local non-administrative user privileges may exploit this vulnerability to escalate privileges to root on the system where Fusion is installed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41702"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-15T07:16:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "VMware Fusion contains a TOCTOU (Time-of-check Time-of-use) vulnerability\u00a0that occurs during an operation performed by a SETUID binary.\u00a0A malicious actor with local non-administrative user privileges may exploit this vulnerability to escalate privileges to root on the system where Fusion is installed.",
"id": "GHSA-gwg2-qh78-562m",
"modified": "2026-05-18T18:31:24Z",
"published": "2026-05-15T09:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41702"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/37454"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GWH8-V9G3-FXXW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-06 06:30 – Updated: 2024-02-06 06:30Memory corruption in Trusted Execution Environment while deinitializing an object used for license validation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33046"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-06T06:15:58Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption in Trusted Execution Environment while deinitializing an object used for license validation.",
"id": "GHSA-gwh8-v9g3-fxxw",
"modified": "2024-02-06T06:30:30Z",
"published": "2024-02-06T06:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33046"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/february-2024-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GWM6-Q8CH-HCFR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-06 19:54 – Updated: 2026-07-06 19:54The -D path runs fs::create_dir_all on a pathname then later opens the destination via path-based File::create/fs::copy, neither anchored to a directory fd. Between the two, an attacker can replace a path component with a symlink, redirecting the write.
Impact: an attacker with concurrent write access to the destination tree can redirect a privileged install -D to an arbitrary location, enabling arbitrary file overwrite with attacker-controlled content. Recommendation: use dirfd-based traversal (openat/mkdirat + O_NOFOLLOW) per component and create the destination via openat on the same dirfd.
Remediation: Acknowledged by Canonical; fixed in commit 0c412999.
Reported by Zellic in the uutils coreutils Program Security Assessment (prepared for Canonical, Jan 20 2026), audited commit 3a07ffc5a9bd4c283e75afa548ba1f1957bad242. Finding 3.51. Credit: Zellic.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "uu_install"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.7.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35356"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367",
"CWE-59"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-06T19:54:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The `-D` path runs `fs::create_dir_all` on a pathname then later opens the destination via path-based `File::create`/`fs::copy`, neither anchored to a directory fd. Between the two, an attacker can replace a path component with a symlink, redirecting the write.\n\n**Impact:** an attacker with concurrent write access to the destination tree can redirect a privileged `install -D` to an arbitrary location, enabling arbitrary file overwrite with attacker-controlled content. Recommendation: use dirfd-based traversal (`openat`/`mkdirat` + `O_NOFOLLOW`) per component and create the destination via `openat` on the same dirfd.\n\n**Remediation:** Acknowledged by Canonical; fixed in commit 0c412999.\n\n---\n_Reported by Zellic in the *uutils coreutils Program Security Assessment* (prepared for Canonical, Jan 20 2026), audited commit `3a07ffc5a9bd4c283e75afa548ba1f1957bad242`. Finding 3.51. Credit: Zellic._",
"id": "GHSA-gwm6-q8ch-hcfr",
"modified": "2026-07-06T19:54:56Z",
"published": "2026-07-06T19:54:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/security/advisories/GHSA-gwm6-q8ch-hcfr"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/pull/10140"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/commit/0c41299975f3c1e21cf5ca968d42cad55ceb42a1"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/releases/tag/0.7.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "install -D: symlink race in directory creation allows arbitrary file overwrite"
}
GHSA-H268-HQV8-WGW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-15 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-18 18:30DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the NvmExpressLegacy software SMI handler could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack. DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the NvmExpressLegacy driver could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack. This issue was discovered by Insyde engineering based on the general description provided by Intel's iSTARE group. This issue was fixed in kernel 5.2: 05.27.25, kernel 5.3: 05.36.25, kernel 5.4: 05.44.25, kernel 5.5: 05.52.25 https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022053
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-33983"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-15T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the NvmExpressLegacy software SMI handler could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack. DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the NvmExpressLegacy driver could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack. This issue was discovered by Insyde engineering based on the general description provided by Intel\u0027s iSTARE group. This issue was fixed in kernel 5.2: 05.27.25, kernel 5.3: 05.36.25, kernel 5.4: 05.44.25, kernel 5.5: 05.52.25 https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022053",
"id": "GHSA-h268-hqv8-wgw2",
"modified": "2022-11-18T18:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-11-15T12:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33983"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022053"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H2W4-JR6M-7C52
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-25 03:32 – Updated: 2026-08-25 03:32Grav API plugin before 1.0.16 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in webhook delivery that allows attackers to bypass hostname validation by DNS rebinding. Attackers controlling authoritative DNS for a configured webhook hostname can answer validation lookups with public addresses and delivery lookups with private addresses to reach internal network resources.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-56708"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-25T02:16:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Grav API plugin before 1.0.16 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in webhook delivery that allows attackers to bypass hostname validation by DNS rebinding. Attackers controlling authoritative DNS for a configured webhook hostname can answer validation lookups with public addresses and delivery lookups with private addresses to reach internal network resources.",
"id": "GHSA-h2w4-jr6m-7c52",
"modified": "2026-08-25T03:32:08Z",
"published": "2026-08-25T03:32:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-hq2v-cgw4-fw2w"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56708"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/grav-api-plugin-before-ssrf-via-dns-rebinding"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-H3MR-2W3Q-JCV9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-26 00:30 – Updated: 2026-08-26 18:31Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability in Apache Tomcat when creating unix domain sockets allows an unauthorised local user to access the unix domain socket.
This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.24, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.57, from 9.0.42 through 9.0.120.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.25, 10.1.58, 9.0.121, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-65183"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-25T22:17:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability in Apache Tomcat when creating unix domain sockets allows an unauthorised local user to access the unix domain socket.\n\n\n\nThis issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.24, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.57, from 9.0.42 through 9.0.120.\n\n\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.25, 10.1.58, 9.0.121, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-h3mr-2w3q-jcv9",
"modified": "2026-08-26T18:31:49Z",
"published": "2026-08-26T00:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-65183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/748o4st6d5dk6n3l7tgzo5yl68gg05c0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/08/26/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H429-J7Q3-6227
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-11 06:31 – Updated: 2026-08-11 06:31The ACAP framework contains a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition, which could potentially lead to privilege escalation. This vulnerability can only be exploited if the Axis device is configured to allow the installation of unsigned ACAP applications, and if an attacker convinces the victim to install a malicious ACAP application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5303"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-11T06:17:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ACAP framework contains a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition, which could potentially lead to privilege escalation. This vulnerability can only be exploited if the Axis device is configured to allow the installation of unsigned ACAP applications, and if an attacker convinces the\u00a0victim to install a malicious ACAP application.",
"id": "GHSA-h429-j7q3-6227",
"modified": "2026-08-11T06:31:19Z",
"published": "2026-08-11T06:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5303"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.axis.com/dam/public/d5/e8/6e/cve-2026-5303pdf-en-US-543643.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H47V-33FM-J33G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:33Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30088"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-11T17:15:56Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-h47v-33fm-j33g",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:33:03Z",
"published": "2024-06-11T18:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30088"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-30088"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2024-30088"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H4FJ-PP9J-X2MJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-07 00:30 – Updated: 2024-05-07 00:30A race condition vulnerability exists in the mintplex-labs/anything-llm repository, specifically within the user invite acceptance process. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by sending multiple concurrent requests to accept a single user invite, allowing the creation of multiple user accounts from a single invite link intended for only one user. This bypasses the intended security mechanism that restricts invite acceptance to a single user, leading to unauthorized user creation without detection in the invite tab. The issue is due to the lack of validation for concurrent requests in the backend.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2913"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-07T00:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A race condition vulnerability exists in the mintplex-labs/anything-llm repository, specifically within the user invite acceptance process. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by sending multiple concurrent requests to accept a single user invite, allowing the creation of multiple user accounts from a single invite link intended for only one user. This bypasses the intended security mechanism that restricts invite acceptance to a single user, leading to unauthorized user creation without detection in the invite tab. The issue is due to the lack of validation for concurrent requests in the backend.",
"id": "GHSA-h4fj-pp9j-x2mj",
"modified": "2024-05-07T00:30:35Z",
"published": "2024-05-07T00:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2913"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/a3c69faf-cca0-4c10-8739-57e5bef7a95f"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H4GF-WR33-6635
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-11 06:31 – Updated: 2026-08-11 06:31The ACAP framework contains a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition, which could potentially lead to privilege escalation. This vulnerability can only be exploited if the Axis device is configured to allow the installation of unsigned ACAP applications, and if an attacker convinces the victim to install a malicious ACAP application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6505"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-11T06:17:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ACAP framework contains a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition, which could potentially lead to privilege escalation. This vulnerability can only be exploited if the Axis device is configured to allow the installation of unsigned ACAP applications, and if an attacker convinces the\u00a0victim to install a malicious ACAP application.",
"id": "GHSA-h4gf-wr33-6635",
"modified": "2026-08-11T06:31:19Z",
"published": "2026-08-11T06:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6505"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.axis.com/dam/public/fd/16/ab/cve-2026-6505pdf-en-US-543641.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.