Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1063 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-26620 (GCVE-0-2025-26620)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-18 17:36 – Updated: 2025-02-18 19:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Duende.AccessTokenManagement race condition when concurrently retrieving customized Client Credentials Access Tokens
Summary
Duende.AccessTokenManagement is a set of .NET libraries that manage OAuth and OpenId Connect access tokens. Duende.AccessTokenManagement contains a race condition when requesting access tokens using the client credentials flow. Concurrent requests to obtain an access token using differing protocol parameters can return access tokens obtained with the wrong scope, resource indicator, or other protocol parameters. Such usage is somewhat atypical, and only a small percentage of users are likely to be affected. Duende.AccessTokenManagement can request access tokens using the client credentials flow in several ways. In basic usage, the client credentials flow is configured once and the parameters do not vary. In more advanced situations, requests with varying protocol parameters may be made by calling specific overloads of these methods: `HttpContext.GetClientAccessTokenAsync()` and `IClientCredentialsTokenManagementService.GetAccessTokenAsync()`. There are overloads of both of these methods that accept a `TokenRequestParameters` object that customizes token request parameters. However, concurrent requests with varying `TokenRequestParameters` will result in the same token for all concurrent calls. Most users can simply update the NuGet package to the latest version. Customizations of the `IClientCredentialsTokenCache` that derive from the default implementation (`DistributedClientCredentialsTokenCache`) will require a small code change, as its constructor was changed to add a dependency on the `ITokenRequestSynchronization` service. The synchronization service will need to be injected into the derived class and passed to the base constructor. The impact of this vulnerability depends on how Duende.AccessTokenManagement is used and on the security architecture of the solution. Most users will not be vulnerable to this issue. More advanced users may run into this issue by calling the methods specified above with customized token request parameters. The impact of obtaining an access token with different than intended protocol parameters will vary depending on application logic, security architecture, and the authorization policy of the resource servers.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/DuendeSoftware/foss/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/DuendeSoftware/foss/commit/a33… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DuendeSoftware | foss |
Affected:
< 3.2.0
|
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CVE-2025-24432 (GCVE-0-2025-24432)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-11 17:37 – Updated: 2025-04-15 16:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Adobe Commerce | Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (CWE-367)
Summary
Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.8-beta1, 2.4.7-p3, 2.4.6-p8, 2.4.5-p10, 2.4.4-p11 and earlier are affected by a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability that could result in a security feature bypass. An attacker could exploit this race condition to alter a condition after it has been checked but before it is used, potentially bypassing rate limiting mechanisms. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (CWE-367)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adobe | Adobe Commerce |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.4.8-beta1
(semver)
|
Date Public
2025-02-11 17:00
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CVE-2025-24430 (GCVE-0-2025-24430)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-11 17:37 – Updated: 2025-04-15 16:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Adobe Commerce | Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (CWE-367)
Summary
Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.8-beta1, 2.4.7-p3, 2.4.6-p8, 2.4.5-p10, 2.4.4-p11 and earlier are affected by a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability that could result in a security feature bypass. An attacker could exploit this race condition to alter a condition after it has been checked but before it is used, potentially bypassing rate limiting mechanisms. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (CWE-367)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adobe | Adobe Commerce |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.4.8-beta1
(semver)
|
Date Public
2025-02-11 17:00
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CVE-2025-24036 (GCVE-0-2025-24036)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-11 17:58 – Updated: 2026-02-26 19:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Microsoft AutoUpdate (MAU) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Microsoft AutoUpdate (MAU) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft AutoUpdate for Mac |
Affected:
4.0.0 , < 4.78.25022527
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-02-11 08:00
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CVE-2025-23359 (GCVE-0-2025-23359)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-12 00:52 – Updated: 2025-04-11 13:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
NVIDIA Container Toolkit for Linux contains a Time-of-Check Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) vulnerability when used with default configuration, where a crafted container image could gain access to the host file system. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, denial of service, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, and data tampering.
Severity
8.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_… | |
| https://thehackernews.com/2025/04/incomplete-patc… | media-coverageexploit |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NVIDIA | Container Toolkit |
Affected:
All versions up to and including 1.17.3
|
|
| NVIDIA | GPU Operator |
Affected:
All versions up to and including 24.9.1
|
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CVE-2025-23279 (GCVE-0-2025-23279)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-02 22:06 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
NVIDIA .run Installer for Linux and Solaris contains a vulnerability where an attacker could use a race condition to escalate privileges. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, denial of service, or data tampering.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NVIDIA | GPU Display Drivers |
Affected:
R575
|
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CVE-2025-22850 (GCVE-0-2025-22850)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-10 22:49 – Updated: 2026-03-11 13:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Time-of-check time-of-use race condition in the UEFI PdaSmm module for some Intel(R) reference platforms may allow an information disclosure. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a high complexity attack may enable data exposure. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (none) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- Information Disclosure
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
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CVE-2025-22394 (GCVE-0-2025-22394)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-15 04:41 – Updated: 2025-01-15 15:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Dell Display Manager, versions prior to 2.3.2.18, contain a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to code execution and possibly privilege escalation.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/00026792… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dell | Dell Display Manager |
Affected:
N/A , < 2.3.2.20
(semver)
|
Date Public
2025-01-14 06:30
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CVE-2025-21485 (GCVE-0-2025-21485)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-03 05:53 – Updated: 2026-02-26 18:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition in DSP Service
Summary
Memory corruption while processing INIT and multimode invoke IOCTL calls on FastRPC.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qualcomm, Inc. | Snapdragon |
Affected:
FastConnect 6900
Affected: FastConnect 7800 Affected: QMP1000 Affected: SM8735 Affected: SM8750 Affected: SM8750P Affected: Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon W5+ Gen 1 Wearable Platform Affected: SW5100 Affected: SW5100P Affected: SXR2230P Affected: SXR2250P Affected: SXR2330P Affected: WCD9378 Affected: WCD9380 Affected: WCD9385 Affected: WCD9390 Affected: WCD9395 Affected: WCN7750 Affected: WCN7860 Affected: WCN7861 Affected: WCN7880 Affected: WCN7881 Affected: WSA8830 Affected: WSA8832 Affected: WSA8835 Affected: WSA8840 Affected: WSA8845 Affected: WSA8845H |
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CVE-2025-21473 (GCVE-0-2025-21473)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-06 07:25 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition in Camera_Linux
Summary
Memory corruption when using Virtual cdm (Camera Data Mover) to write registers.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qualcomm, Inc. | Snapdragon |
Affected:
FastConnect 6900
Affected: FastConnect 7800 Affected: Snapdragon 8 Gen 1 Mobile Platform Affected: WCD9380 Affected: WSA8830 Affected: WSA8835 |
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Mitigation
Implementation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
Implementation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
Implementation
Architecture and Design
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Implementation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Implementation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.