Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-362

Allowed-with-Review

Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.

3078 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-10681 (GCVE-0-2026-10681)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-25 13:23 – Updated: 2026-07-27 14:34
VLAI
Title
SMP race in `thread_idx_alloc()` lets concurrent `k_object_alloc(K_OBJ_THREAD)` callers share a kernel-object permission slot
Summary
In Zephyr's userspace dynamic-objects subsystem, thread_idx_alloc() in kernel/userspace/userspace.c allocated a new thread permission index from the global _thread_idx_map[] bitmap without holding lists_lock. On SMP systems, two user-mode threads invoking the k_object_alloc(K_OBJ_THREAD) syscall concurrently can both observe the same low free bit, perform the same non-atomic RMW to clear it, and return the identical tidx. The two newly created K_OBJ_THREAD objects are then assigned the same thread_id, so the two user threads alias a single bit position in every kernel object's perms[] bitfield: any subsequent grant of access on a kernel object to one thread is implicitly a grant to the other, defeating userspace ACL isolation. A secondary lost-update window between the unlocked &=~BIT() in alloc and the locked |= BIT() in thread_idx_free() can also leak entries from the thread-index pool. The defect is reachable from any user-mode thread via the unrestricted __syscall k_object_alloc and is gated on CONFIG_USERSPACE, CONFIG_DYNAMIC_OBJECTS, and CONFIG_SMP. The flaw was introduced when the per-thread permission index was added in 2018 and is present in every release up to and including v4.4.0. Fixed by holding lists_lock across the bitmap RMW and the permissions clear (and inlining the obj_list traversal that previously took the lock itself).
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-27 14:34 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zephyrproject zephyr Affected: 2.0.0 , < 4.5.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-10681",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-27T14:34:32.663266Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-27T14:34:43.843Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "zephyr",
          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
            "kernel/userspace/userspace.c"
          ],
          "vendor": "zephyrproject",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.5.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In Zephyr\u0027s userspace dynamic-objects subsystem, thread_idx_alloc() in kernel/userspace/userspace.c allocated a new thread permission index from the global _thread_idx_map[] bitmap without holding lists_lock.\n\nOn SMP systems, two user-mode threads invoking the k_object_alloc(K_OBJ_THREAD) syscall concurrently can both observe the same low free bit, perform the same non-atomic RMW to clear it, and return the identical tidx.\n\nThe two newly created K_OBJ_THREAD objects are then assigned the same thread_id, so the two user threads alias a single bit position in every kernel object\u0027s perms[] bitfield: any subsequent grant of access on a kernel object to one thread is implicitly a grant to the other, defeating userspace ACL isolation. A secondary lost-update window between the unlocked \u0026=~BIT() in alloc and the locked |= BIT() in thread_idx_free() can also leak entries from the thread-index pool.\n\nThe defect is reachable from any user-mode thread via the unrestricted __syscall k_object_alloc and is gated on CONFIG_USERSPACE, CONFIG_DYNAMIC_OBJECTS, and CONFIG_SMP. The flaw was introduced when the per-thread permission index was added in 2018 and is present in every release up to and including v4.4.0. Fixed by holding lists_lock across the bitmap RMW and the permissions clear (and inlining the obj_list traversal that previously took the lock itself)."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-362",
              "description": "race",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-25T13:23:07.028Z",
        "orgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
        "shortName": "zephyr"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Fix commit",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/862ea2fbbeb2ccdf8ff994b03e2e3b4405f2c37d"
        },
        {
          "name": "GHSA-j693-5rh5-8g8h",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-j693-5rh5-8g8h"
        }
      ],
      "title": "SMP race in `thread_idx_alloc()` lets concurrent `k_object_alloc(K_OBJ_THREAD)` callers share a kernel-object permission slot",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
    "assignerShortName": "zephyr",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-10681",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-25T13:23:07.028Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-02T15:26:11.951Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-27T14:34:43.843Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-10654 (GCVE-0-2026-10654)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-30 16:29 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:38
VLAI
Title
RFCOMM session-disconnect race leaks session/L2CAP and denies further RFCOMM service in Zephyr Bluetooth Classic
Summary
A race condition in the Zephyr Bluetooth Classic RFCOMM host stack (subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/rfcomm.c) mishandles a simultaneous bidirectional session disconnect. When the local device has initiated a session teardown (state BT_RFCOMM_STATE_DISCONNECTING, DISC sent, RTX timer armed) and the connected peer concurrently sends its own DISC frame for dlci 0, rfcomm_handle_disc() invokes rfcomm_session_disconnected(), which unconditionally forced the session to BT_RFCOMM_STATE_DISCONNECTED without ever calling bt_l2cap_chan_disconnect(). Because the recovery timer was also cancelled and a later UA is ignored in the DISCONNECTED state, the session becomes permanently wedged: the underlying L2CAP channel is never released and the session slot in the fixed bt_rfcomm_pool[CONFIG_BT_MAX_CONN] array is never reclaimed (its conn pointer stays set). Subsequent bt_rfcomm_dlc_connect() calls on that connection fail with -EINVAL due to the invalid session state, so RFCOMM service is denied for that peer, and repeated occurrences can exhaust the session pool. The DISC frame is peer-controlled over the air, but exploitation requires the peer's DISC to collide with a local-initiated disconnect (a high-complexity timing race). Impact is availability/resource-leak only; there is no memory-safety, confidentiality, or integrity consequence. The defect shipped in released versions (present in v4.4.0 and earlier). The fix only transitions to DISCONNECTED when the session is not already in DISCONNECTING, preserving the proper L2CAP teardown path.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-30 16:43 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zephyrproject zephyr Affected: 1.6.0 , < 4.5.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-10654",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-30T16:43:44.096386Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-30T16:43:56.552Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "zephyr",
          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
            "subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/rfcomm.c"
          ],
          "vendor": "zephyrproject",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.5.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.6.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A race condition in the Zephyr Bluetooth Classic RFCOMM host stack (subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/rfcomm.c) mishandles a simultaneous bidirectional session disconnect. When the local device has initiated a session teardown (state BT_RFCOMM_STATE_DISCONNECTING, DISC sent, RTX timer armed) and the connected peer concurrently sends its own DISC frame for dlci 0, rfcomm_handle_disc() invokes rfcomm_session_disconnected(), which unconditionally forced the session to BT_RFCOMM_STATE_DISCONNECTED without ever calling bt_l2cap_chan_disconnect().\n\nBecause the recovery timer was also cancelled and a later UA is ignored in the DISCONNECTED state, the session becomes permanently wedged: the underlying L2CAP channel is never released and the session slot in the fixed bt_rfcomm_pool[CONFIG_BT_MAX_CONN] array is never reclaimed (its conn pointer stays set).\n\nSubsequent bt_rfcomm_dlc_connect() calls on that connection fail with -EINVAL due to the invalid session state, so RFCOMM service is denied for that peer, and repeated occurrences can exhaust the session pool. The DISC frame is peer-controlled over the air, but exploitation requires the peer\u0027s DISC to collide with a local-initiated disconnect (a high-complexity timing race). Impact is availability/resource-leak only; there is no memory-safety, confidentiality, or integrity consequence. The defect shipped in released versions (present in v4.4.0 and earlier).\n\nThe fix only transitions to DISCONNECTED when the session is not already in DISCONNECTING, preserving the proper L2CAP teardown path."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 3.1,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-362",
              "description": "race",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T18:38:39.602Z",
        "orgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
        "shortName": "zephyr"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Fix commit",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/c67b59f891a3a8697f1edb2a0e559fc267e75cc2"
        },
        {
          "name": "GHSA-4m37-wp5x-hq4h",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-4m37-wp5x-hq4h"
        }
      ],
      "title": "RFCOMM session-disconnect race leaks session/L2CAP and denies further RFCOMM service in Zephyr Bluetooth Classic",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
    "assignerShortName": "zephyr",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-10654",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-30T16:29:12.345Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-02T15:24:28.191Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T18:38:39.602Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-10565 (GCVE-0-2026-10565)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-02 01:30 – Updated: 2026-06-02 12:22
VLAI
Title
Open5GS NGAP Handover gmm-sm.c gmm_state_security_mode race condition
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in Open5GS up to 2.7.6. The impacted element is the function gmm_state_security_mode of the file src/amf/gmm-sm.c of the component NGAP Handover. Performing a manipulation results in race condition. The attack can be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is regarded as difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-02 12:22 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Open5GS Affected: 2.7.0
Affected: 2.7.1
Affected: 2.7.2
Affected: 2.7.3
Affected: 2.7.4
Affected: 2.7.5
Affected: 2.7.6
    cpe:2.3:a:open5gs:open5gs:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-10565",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-02T12:22:40.203143Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-02T12:22:53.847Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:open5gs:open5gs:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "modules": [
            "NGAP Handover"
          ],
          "product": "Open5GS",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.7.0"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.7.1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.7.2"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.7.3"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.7.4"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.7.5"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.7.6"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Seungjoon Na (Kookmin University ICSR Lab)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Jinha Kim (Kookmin University ICSR Lab)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Seungjoon Na (VulDB User)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "analyst",
          "value": "Seungjoon Na (VulDB User)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "coordinator",
          "value": "VulDB CNA Team"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A security flaw has been discovered in Open5GS up to 2.7.6. The impacted element is the function gmm_state_security_mode of the file src/amf/gmm-sm.c of the component NGAP Handover. Performing a manipulation results in race condition. The attack can be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is regarded as difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "baseScore": 2.3,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
            "version": "4.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 3.1,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:C",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 3.1,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:C",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV2_0": {
            "baseScore": 2.1,
            "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:H/Au:S/C:N/I:N/A:P/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:C",
            "version": "2.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-362",
              "description": "Race Condition",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-06-02T08:45:40.892Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "VDB-367672 | Open5GS NGAP Handover gmm-sm.c gmm_state_security_mode race condition",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/367672"
        },
        {
          "name": "VDB-367672 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
          "tags": [
            "signature",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/367672/cti"
        },
        {
          "name": "CVE-2026-10565 | CVE Analysis and Report",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-10565"
        },
        {
          "name": "Submit #818938 | open5gs v2.7.6 Race Condition",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/818938"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/open5gs/open5gs/issues/4497"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking",
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/open5gs/open5gs/pull/4501"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "exploit"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/27111025/N2-SMC-Concurrent.zip"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/open5gs/open5gs/"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-06-01T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-06-01T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-06-02T10:47:39.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Open5GS NGAP Handover gmm-sm.c gmm_state_security_mode race condition"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-10565",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-02T01:30:09.909Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-01T16:31:37.602Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-02T12:22:53.847Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-9831 (GCVE-0-2026-9831)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 21:19 – Updated: 2026-06-01 13:53
VLAI
Title
ExtremeCloud IQ Cross Tenant Data Exposure via Extreme Platform One Authentication Race Condition
Summary
A race condition in the shared Extreme Platform ONE IAM Gateway API-key authentication path could, under specific high-concurrency traffic conditions, intermittently allow requests authenticated with an Extreme Platform ONE /IAM-issued API key to receive response data for another tenant. The issue was observed through ExtremeCloud IQ/XIQ API endpoints and validated against both XIQ/XAPI and Extreme Platform ONE /Common Services API paths. XIQ-native tokens and standard OAuth/Bearer JWT authentication were not affected.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-01 13:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (Race Condition)
  • CWE-488 - Exposure of data element to wrong session
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Extreme Networks Extreme Platform ONE Affected: 0 , < 25.10.0-104 (custom)
Unaffected: 25.10.0-104 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-29 21:09
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-9831",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-01T13:52:52.575235Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-01T13:53:05.140Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "platforms": [
            "SaaS (Cloud Hosted)"
          ],
          "product": "Extreme Platform ONE",
          "vendor": "Extreme Networks",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "25.10.0-104",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "25.10.0-104",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Sebastian Koller of Iteas IT Services GmbH (Austria) for responsible discovery and disclosure of this vulnerability."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Sebastian Koller of Iteas IT Services GmbH (Austria) for responsible coordination and providing detailed evidence supporting root cause identification."
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-05-29T21:09:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "A race condition in the shared Extreme Platform\nONE IAM Gateway API-key authentication path could, under specific\nhigh-concurrency traffic conditions, intermittently allow requests\nauthenticated with an Extreme Platform ONE /IAM-issued API key to receive\nresponse data for another tenant. The issue was observed through ExtremeCloud\nIQ/XIQ API endpoints and validated against both XIQ/XAPI and Extreme Platform ONE\n/Common Services API paths. XIQ-native tokens and standard OAuth/Bearer JWT\nauthentication were not affected."
            }
          ],
          "value": "A race condition in the shared Extreme Platform\nONE IAM Gateway API-key authentication path could, under specific\nhigh-concurrency traffic conditions, intermittently allow requests\nauthenticated with an Extreme Platform ONE /IAM-issued API key to receive\nresponse data for another tenant. The issue was observed through ExtremeCloud\nIQ/XIQ API endpoints and validated against both XIQ/XAPI and Extreme Platform ONE\n/Common Services API paths. XIQ-native tokens and standard OAuth/Bearer JWT\nauthentication were not affected."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-74",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-74: Manipulating State"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-362",
              "description": "CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (Race Condition)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-488",
              "description": "CWE-488 Exposure of data element to wrong session",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-29T21:19:17.118Z",
        "orgId": "1c053176-eef3-4d6a-ae0b-24728c86587b",
        "shortName": "ExtremeNetworks"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://community.extremenetworks.com/t5/security-advisories-formerly/sa-2026-048-extremecloud-iq-cross-tenant-data-exposure-via/ba-p/121851"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "SA-2026-048",
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "ExtremeCloud IQ Cross Tenant Data Exposure via Extreme Platform One Authentication Race Condition",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.2"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1c053176-eef3-4d6a-ae0b-24728c86587b",
    "assignerShortName": "ExtremeNetworks",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-9831",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-29T21:19:17.118Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-28T12:21:45.520Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-01T13:53:05.140Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-9030 (GCVE-0-2026-9030)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 20:38 – Updated: 2026-08-10 18:23
VLAI
Title
Authenticated Denial-of-Service in HTTPD Service in TP-Link Archer A6
Summary
A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in httpd service on Archer A6 v4 where the asynchronous systool instruction handlng path in httpd does not properly synchronize or safely manage concurrent systool operations.  By sending crafted systool instructions through the asynchronous request path, successful exploitation may cause the httpd process or device management service to crash and may result in temporary loss of access to the web management interface or device reboot.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-10 17:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TP-Link Systems Inc. Archer A6 v4 Affected: 0 , < V4_1.15.10 Build 260625 Rel.25447 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-9030",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-08-10T17:28:38.437749Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-08-10T18:23:58.299Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "modules": [
            "httpd"
          ],
          "product": "Archer A6 v4",
          "vendor": "TP-Link Systems Inc.",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "V4_1.15.10 Build 260625 Rel.25447",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Dariusz Go\u0144da"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eA denial-of-service\nvulnerability exists in httpd service on Archer A6 v4 where the asynchronous systool\ninstruction handlng path in httpd does not properly synchronize or safely manage\nconcurrent systool operations.\u0026nbsp; \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy sending\ncrafted systool instructions through the asynchronous request path, successful\nexploitation may cause the httpd process or device management service to crash\nand may result in temporary loss of access to the web management interface or\ndevice reboot.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "A denial-of-service\nvulnerability exists in httpd service on Archer A6 v4 where the asynchronous systool\ninstruction handlng path in httpd does not properly synchronize or safely manage\nconcurrent systool operations.\u00a0 \n\n\n\n\n\nBy sending\ncrafted systool instructions through the asynchronous request path, successful\nexploitation may cause the httpd process or device management service to crash\nand may result in temporary loss of access to the web management interface or\ndevice reboot."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-125",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-125 Flooding"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "ADJACENT",
            "baseScore": 6.8,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-362",
              "description": "CWE-362 Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-07T20:52:28.967Z",
        "orgId": "f23511db-6c3e-4e32-a477-6aa17d310630",
        "shortName": "TPLink"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/archer-a6/v4/#Firmware"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/archer-a6/v4/#Firmware"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/faq/5234/"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Authenticated Denial-of-Service in HTTPD Service in TP-Link Archer A6",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.4"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "f23511db-6c3e-4e32-a477-6aa17d310630",
    "assignerShortName": "TPLink",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-9030",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-07T20:38:35.116Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-19T16:30:33.339Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-10T18:23:58.299Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-8741 (GCVE-0-2026-8741)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-17 08:15 – Updated: 2026-05-18 17:53
VLAI
Title
EMQX QoS 2 PUBLISH Packet emqx_persistent_session_ds.erl race condition
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in EMQX up to 6.2.0. This affects an unknown function of the file apps/emqx/src/emqx_persistent_session_ds.erl of the component QoS 2 PUBLISH Packet Handler. Such manipulation leads to race condition. The attack may be performed from remote. A high complexity level is associated with this attack. The exploitability is reported as difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-18 16:43 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a EMQX Affected: 6.0
Affected: 6.1
Affected: 6.2.0
    cpe:2.3:a:emqx:emqx:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-8741",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-05-18T16:43:33.259533Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-05-18T17:53:07.926Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:emqx:emqx:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "modules": [
            "QoS 2 PUBLISH Packet Handler"
          ],
          "product": "EMQX",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.0"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.2.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "CCCaaa (VulDB User)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "coordinator",
          "value": "VulDB CNA Team"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A vulnerability has been found in EMQX up to 6.2.0. This affects an unknown function of the file apps/emqx/src/emqx_persistent_session_ds.erl of the component QoS 2 PUBLISH Packet Handler. Such manipulation leads to race condition. The attack may be performed from remote. A high complexity level is associated with this attack. The exploitability is reported as difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "baseScore": 2.3,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
            "version": "4.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 3.1,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 3.1,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV2_0": {
            "baseScore": 2.1,
            "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:H/Au:S/C:N/I:N/A:P/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
            "version": "2.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-362",
              "description": "Race Condition",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-17T08:15:08.625Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "VDB-364329 | EMQX QoS 2 PUBLISH Packet emqx_persistent_session_ds.erl race condition",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/364329"
        },
        {
          "name": "VDB-364329 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
          "tags": [
            "signature",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/364329/cti"
        },
        {
          "name": "Submit #809931 | EMQX EMQX Broker EMQX 6.1.0 (confirmed) Race Condition",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/809931"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "related"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/Pathfind-tama/Report_EMQX_MQTT"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "exploit"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/Pathfind-tama/Report_EMQX_MQTT/blob/main/MQTT%20QoS%202%20Message%20Duplication%20in%20Persistent%20Sessions.md"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-05-16T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-05-16T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-05-16T13:24:18.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "EMQX QoS 2 PUBLISH Packet emqx_persistent_session_ds.erl race condition"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-8741",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-17T08:15:08.625Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-16T11:19:08.422Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-18T17:53:07.926Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-7846 (GCVE-0-2026-7846)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-05 16:00 – Updated: 2026-05-05 16:11
VLAI
Title
chatchat-space Langchain-Chatchat OpenAI-Compatible File Upload API openai_routes.py files toctou
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in chatchat-space Langchain-Chatchat up to 0.3.1.3. Impacted is the function files of the file libs/chatchat-server/chatchat/server/api_server/openai_routes.py of the component OpenAI-Compatible File Upload API. Such manipulation of the argument file.filename leads to time-of-check time-of-use. Access to the local network is required for this attack to succeed. The attack requires a high level of complexity. The exploitability is considered difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-05 16:11 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
chatchat-space Langchain-Chatchat Affected: 0.3.1.0
Affected: 0.3.1.1
Affected: 0.3.1.2
Affected: 0.3.1.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-7846",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-05-05T16:11:12.705106Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-05-05T16:11:21.230Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "modules": [
            "OpenAI-Compatible File Upload API"
          ],
          "product": "Langchain-Chatchat",
          "vendor": "chatchat-space",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0.3.1.0"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0.3.1.1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0.3.1.2"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0.3.1.3"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Dem00 (VulDB User)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "coordinator",
          "value": "VulDB CNA Team"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A vulnerability has been found in chatchat-space Langchain-Chatchat up to 0.3.1.3. Impacted is the function files of the file libs/chatchat-server/chatchat/server/api_server/openai_routes.py of the component OpenAI-Compatible File Upload API. Such manipulation of the argument file.filename leads to time-of-check time-of-use. Access to the local network is required for this attack to succeed. The attack requires a high level of complexity. The exploitability is considered difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "baseScore": 2.1,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
            "version": "4.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 2.6,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 2.6,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV2_0": {
            "baseScore": 1.4,
            "vectorString": "AV:A/AC:H/Au:S/C:N/I:P/A:N/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
            "version": "2.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-367",
              "description": "Time-of-check Time-of-use",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-362",
              "description": "Race Condition",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-05T16:00:15.199Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "VDB-361125 | chatchat-space Langchain-Chatchat OpenAI-Compatible File Upload API openai_routes.py files toctou",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/361125"
        },
        {
          "name": "VDB-361125 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
          "tags": [
            "signature",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/361125/cti"
        },
        {
          "name": "Submit #807795 | chatchat-space Langchain-Chatchat 0.3.1.3 TOCTOU Race Condition / CWE-367",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/807795"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/chatchat-space/Langchain-Chatchat/issues/5463"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "exploit"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/3em0/cve_repo/blob/main/Langchain-Chatchat/Vuln-2-Silent-File-Overwrite.md"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/chatchat-space/Langchain-Chatchat/"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-05-05T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-05-05T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-05-05T12:26:17.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "chatchat-space Langchain-Chatchat OpenAI-Compatible File Upload API openai_routes.py files toctou"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-7846",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-05T16:00:15.199Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-05T10:20:56.988Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-05T16:11:21.230Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-7724 (GCVE-0-2026-7724)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-04 02:45 – Updated: 2026-05-05 00:54 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
PrefectHQ prefect Webhook/Notification validate_restricted_url toctou
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in PrefectHQ prefect up to 3.6.28.dev1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function validate_restricted_url of the component Webhook/Notification. The manipulation leads to time-of-check time-of-use. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 3.6.28.dev2 addresses this issue. The identifier of the patch is 7c70ac54a5e101431d83b9f2681ec88d5e0021ed. Upgrading the affected component is advised. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-05 00:54 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
PrefectHQ prefect Affected: 3.6.28.dev1
Unaffected: 3.6.28.dev2
    cpe:2.3:a:prefect:prefect:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-7724",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-05-05T00:54:33.808503Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-05-05T00:54:45.176Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:prefect:prefect:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "modules": [
            "Webhook/Notification"
          ],
          "product": "prefect",
          "vendor": "PrefectHQ",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.6.28.dev1"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "3.6.28.dev2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "nedlir (VulDB User)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "coordinator",
          "value": "VulDB CNA Team"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A vulnerability has been found in PrefectHQ prefect up to 3.6.28.dev1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function validate_restricted_url of the component Webhook/Notification. The manipulation leads to time-of-check time-of-use. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 3.6.28.dev2 addresses this issue. The identifier of the patch is 7c70ac54a5e101431d83b9f2681ec88d5e0021ed. Upgrading the affected component is advised. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "baseScore": 2.3,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
            "version": "4.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV2_0": {
            "baseScore": 4.6,
            "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C",
            "version": "2.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-367",
              "description": "Time-of-check Time-of-use",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-362",
              "description": "Race Condition",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-04T21:18:03.241Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "VDB-360900 | PrefectHQ prefect Webhook/Notification validate_restricted_url toctou",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/360900"
        },
        {
          "name": "VDB-360900 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
          "tags": [
            "signature",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/360900/cti"
        },
        {
          "name": "Submit #807303 | PerfectHQ Perfect \u003e=3.6.26  Time-of-check Time-of-use",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/807303"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://linear.app/prefect/issue/OSS-7874/fix-dns-rebinding-toctou-bypass-in-validate-restricted-url"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking",
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect/pull/21591"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "exploit"
          ],
          "url": "https://gist.github.com/nedlir/fa99777e8989414585d08c3625bf044a"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect/commit/7c70ac54a5e101431d83b9f2681ec88d5e0021ed"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect/releases/tag/3.6.28.dev2"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect/"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "x_open-source"
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-05-03T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-05-03T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-05-04T23:22:32.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "PrefectHQ prefect Webhook/Notification validate_restricted_url toctou"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-7724",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-04T02:45:12.517Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-03T09:18:19.872Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-05T00:54:45.176Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-7432 (GCVE-0-2026-7432)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 14:21 – Updated: 2026-05-13 03:57
VLAI
Summary
A race condition in Ivanti Secure Access Client before 22.8R6 allows a locally authenticated user to escalate privileges to SYSTEM
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-12 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-7432",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-05-12T00:00:00+00:00",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-05-13T03:57:55.320Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "platforms": [
            "Windows"
          ],
          "product": "Secure Access Client",
          "vendor": "ivanti",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "22.8R6"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "A race condition in Ivanti Secure Access Client before 22.8R6 allows a locally authenticated user to escalate privileges to SYSTEM"
            }
          ],
          "value": "A race condition in Ivanti Secure Access Client before 22.8R6 allows a locally authenticated user to escalate privileges to SYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-26",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-26 Leveraging Race Conditions"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-362",
              "description": "CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (\u0027Race Condition\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-12T14:21:58.252Z",
        "orgId": "3c1d8aa1-5a33-4ea4-8992-aadd6440af75",
        "shortName": "ivanti"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://hub.ivanti.com/s/article/May-2026-Security-Advisory-Ivanti-Secure-Access-Client-CVE-2026-7431-CVE-2026-7432?language=en_US"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.2"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "3c1d8aa1-5a33-4ea4-8992-aadd6440af75",
    "assignerShortName": "ivanti",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-7432",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-12T14:21:58.252Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-04-29T15:17:02.853Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-13T03:57:55.320Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-7366 (GCVE-0-2026-7366)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-12 21:19 – Updated: 2026-08-13 13:05
VLAI
Title
IBM DataPower Gateway affected by HTTP request header leakage in XML-Firewall
Summary
IBM DataPower Gateway 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.1 and IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.21 and IBM DataPower Gateway 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.9 allows a race condition that results in improper isolation of request state when handling the built‑in X‑Client‑IP header. Under concurrent request processing, X‑Client‑IP values may be contaminated across requests, enabling IP spoofing and disclosure of other clients’ IP addresses.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 13:04 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7282770 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM DataPower Gateway 11.0.0 Affected: 11.0.0.0 , ≤ 11.0.0.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:datapower_gateway_1100:11.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:datapower_gateway_1100:11.0.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0 Affected: 10.5.0.0 , ≤ 10.5.0.21 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:datapower_gateway_1050:10.5.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:datapower_gateway_1050:10.5.0.21:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
IBM DataPower Gateway 10.6.0 Affected: 10.6.0.0 , ≤ 10.6.0.9 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:datapower_gateway_1060:10.6.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:datapower_gateway_1060:10.6.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-7366",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-08-13T13:04:29.122885Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T13:05:37.050Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:datapower_gateway_1100:11.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:datapower_gateway_1100:11.0.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "product": "DataPower Gateway 11.0.0",
          "vendor": "IBM",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "11.0.0.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.0.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:datapower_gateway_1050:10.5.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:datapower_gateway_1050:10.5.0.21:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "product": "DataPower Gateway 10.5.0",
          "vendor": "IBM",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "10.5.0.21",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.5.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:datapower_gateway_1060:10.6.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:datapower_gateway_1060:10.6.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "product": "DataPower Gateway 10.6.0",
          "vendor": "IBM",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "10.6.0.9",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.6.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eIBM DataPower Gateway 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.1 and IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.21 and IBM DataPower Gateway 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.9 allows a race condition that results in improper isolation of request state when handling the built\u2011in X\u2011Client\u2011IP header. Under concurrent request processing, X\u2011Client\u2011IP values may be contaminated across requests, enabling IP spoofing and disclosure of other clients\u2019 IP addresses.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "IBM DataPower Gateway 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.1 and IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.21 and IBM DataPower Gateway 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.9 allows a race condition that results in improper isolation of request state when handling the built\u2011in X\u2011Client\u2011IP header. Under concurrent request processing, X\u2011Client\u2011IP values may be contaminated across requests, enabling IP spoofing and disclosure of other clients\u2019 IP addresses."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 4.2,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-362",
              "description": "CWE-362 Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (\u0027Race Condition\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-12T21:19:41.018Z",
        "orgId": "9a959283-ebb5-44b6-b705-dcc2bbced522",
        "shortName": "ibm"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7282770"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eIBM strongly advises upgrading as soon as possible.\u003cbr/\u003eAPAR: \u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/defect/aCIgJ000000D4FV/dt469107?language=en_US\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eDT469107\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ccolgroup\u003e\u003ccol/\u003e\u003ccol/\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eAffected Versions\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eFixed in Release\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eIBM DataPower Gateway 11.0.0 11.0.0.0 - 11.0.0.1\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e11.0.0.2\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eIBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0 10.5.0.0 - 10.5.0.21\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e10.5.0.22\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eIBM DataPower Gateway 10.6.0 10.6.0.0 - 10.6.0.9\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e10.6.0.10\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "IBM strongly advises upgrading as soon as possible.\nAPAR: DT469107\nAffected VersionsFixed in ReleaseIBM DataPower Gateway 11.0.0 11.0.0.0 - 11.0.0.111.0.0.2IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0 10.5.0.0 - 10.5.0.2110.5.0.22IBM DataPower Gateway 10.6.0 10.6.0.0 - 10.6.0.910.6.0.10"
        }
      ],
      "title": "IBM DataPower Gateway affected by HTTP request header leakage in XML-Firewall",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eDisable persistent connections to an XML Firewall service or don\u0027t set the X-Client-IP header on the client request.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Disable persistent connections to an XML Firewall service or don\u0027t set the X-Client-IP header on the client request."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "9a959283-ebb5-44b6-b705-dcc2bbced522",
    "assignerShortName": "ibm",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-7366",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-12T21:19:41.018Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-04-28T20:55:47.917Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T13:05:37.050Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
  • Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
Implementation

When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.

Mitigation
Implementation

Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.

Mitigation
Implementation

Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions

The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.