Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-328

Allowed

Use of Weak Hash

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses an algorithm that produces a digest (output value) that does not meet security expectations for a hash function that allows an adversary to reasonably determine the original input (preimage attack), find another input that can produce the same hash (2nd preimage attack), or find multiple inputs that evaluate to the same hash (birthday attack).

155 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-48931 (GCVE-0-2025-48931)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-28 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-29 18:57 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
Summary
The TeleMessage service through 2025-05-05 relies on MD5 for password hashing, which opens up various attack possibilities (including rainbow tables) with low computational effort.
Severity
3.2 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-29 18:57 UTC
CWE
Assigner
mitre CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 28/100 over 2319 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TeleMessage service Affected: 0 , ≤ 2025-05-05 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-47276 (GCVE-0-2025-47276)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-13 15:34 – Updated: 2025-05-13 19:31
VLAI
Title
Actualizer Uses OpenSSL's "-passwd" Function Which Uses SHA512 Under The Hood Instead of Proper Password Hasher like Yescript/Argon2i
Summary
Actualizer is a single shell script solution to allow developers and embedded engineers to create Debian operating systems (OS). Prior to version 1.2.0, Actualizer uses OpenSSL's "-passwd" function, which uses SHA512 instead of a more suitable password hasher like Yescript/Argon2i. All Actualizer users building a full Debian Operating System are affected. Users should upgrade to version 1.2.0 of Actualizer. Existing OS deployment requires manual password changes against the alpha and root accounts. The change will deploy's Debian's yescript overriding the older SHA512 hash created by OpenSSL. As a workaround, users need to reset both `root` and "Alpha" users' passwords.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-13 19:31 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7675 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ChewKeanHo Actualizer Affected: < 1.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-41762 (GCVE-0-2025-41762)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-09 08:17 – Updated: 2026-03-09 20:14
VLAI
Title
Secret leak with wwwdnload.cgi
Summary
An unauthenticated attacker can abuse the weak hash of the backup generated by the wwwdnload.cgi endpoint to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data, including password hashes and certificates.
Severity
6.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-09 20:02 UTC
CWE
Assigner
CERTVDE CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 144 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MBS UBR-01 Mk II Affected: 0.0.0 , < 6.0.1.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
MBS UBR-02 Affected: 0.0.0 , < 6.0.1.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
MBS UBR-LON Affected: 0.0.0 , < 6.0.1.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Adrien Rey from Cyber Defense Campus Zurich Daniel Hulliger from Armasuisse
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-41652 (GCVE-0-2025-41652)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-27 08:38 – Updated: 2025-08-22 10:36
VLAI
Title
Weidmueller: Authentication Bypass Vulnerability in Industrial Ethernet Switches
Summary
The devices are vulnerable to an authentication bypass due to flaws in the authorization mechanism. An unauthenticated remote attacker could exploit this weakness by performing brute-force attacks to guess valid credentials or by using MD5 collision techniques to forge authentication hashes, potentially compromising the device.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-27 13:14 UTC
CWE
Assigner
CERTVDE CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 144 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-41256 (GCVE-0-2025-41256)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-25 09:16 – Updated: 2025-06-25 13:34
VLAI
Title
Cyberduck and Mountain Duck - Weak Hash Algorithm for Certificate Fingerprint
Summary
Cyberduck and Mountain Duck improper handle TLS certificate pinning for untrusted certificates (e.g., self-signed), since the certificate fingerprint is stored as SHA-1, although SHA-1 is considered weak. This issue affects Cyberduck: through 9.1.6; Mountain Duck: through 4.17.5.
Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-25 13:34 UTC
CWE
Assigner
sba-research CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard – unranked: 8 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
iterate GmbH Cyberduck Affected: 0 , ≤ 9.1.6 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
iterate GmbH Mountain Duck Affected: 0 , ≤ 4.17.5 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Thomas Kostal Andreas Boll
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-31130 (GCVE-0-2025-31130)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-04 14:41 – Updated: 2026-01-23 17:08
VLAI
Title
gitoxide does not detect SHA-1 collision attacks
Summary
gitoxide is an implementation of git written in Rust. Before 0.42.0, gitoxide uses SHA-1 hash implementations without any collision detection, leaving it vulnerable to hash collision attacks. gitoxide uses the sha1_smol or sha1 crate, both of which implement standard SHA-1 without any mitigations for collision attacks. This means that two distinct Git objects with colliding SHA-1 hashes would break the Git object model and integrity checks when used with gitoxide. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.42.0.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-04 14:51 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7675 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GitoxideLabs gitoxide Affected: < 0.42.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-27595 (GCVE-0-2025-27595)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-14 12:53 – Updated: 2025-03-14 13:35
VLAI
Title
Weak hashing alghrythm
Summary
The device uses a weak hashing alghorithm to create the password hash. Hence, a matching password can be easily calculated by an attacker. This impacts the security and the integrity of the device.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-14 13:29 UTC
CWE
Assigner
SICK AG CNA
CNA scorecard – unranked: 2 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SICK AG SICK DL100-2xxxxxxx Affected: all versions (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-03-14 12:32
Credits
Leonard Lewedei
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-26486 (GCVE-0-2025-26486)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-19 15:46 – Updated: 2025-07-02 14:34
VLAI
Summary
Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm, Use of Password Hash With Insufficient Computational Effort, Use of Weak Hash, Use of a One-Way Hash with a Predictable Salt vulnerabilities in Beta80 "Life 1st Identity Manager" enable an attacker with access to password hashes to bruteforce user passwords or find a collision to ultimately while attempting to gain access to a target application that uses "Life 1st Identity Manager" as a service for authentication. This issue affects Life 1st: 1.5.2.14234.
Severity
6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-19 18:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-327 - Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
  • CWE-916 - Use of Password Hash With Insufficient Computational Effort
  • CWE-328 - Use of Weak Hash
  • CWE-760 - Use of a One-Way Hash with a Predictable Salt
Assigner
ENISA CNA under the ENISA root
CNA scorecard B 80/100 over 40 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Beta80 Life 1st Affected: 1.5.2.14234
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-21604 (GCVE-0-2025-21604)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-06 15:34 – Updated: 2025-01-06 16:51
VLAI
Title
LangChain4j-AIDeepin Using MD5 to Hash files may cause file upload conflicts
Summary
LangChain4j-AIDeepin is a Retrieval enhancement generation (RAG) project. Prior to 3.5.0, LangChain4j-AIDeepin uses MD5 to hash files, which may cause file upload conflicts. This issue is fixed in 3.5.0.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-06 16:51 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7675 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-14636 (GCVE-0-2025-14636)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-13 19:02 – Updated: 2026-02-24 05:49
VLAI
Title
Tenda AX9 httpd image_check weak hash
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in Tenda AX9 22.03.01.46. This affects the function image_check of the component httpd. The manipulation results in use of weak hash. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. A high complexity level is associated with this attack. It is indicated that the exploitability is difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-15 21:44 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3875 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.336361 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.336361 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.707213 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/IOTRes/IOT_Firmware_Update/blo… exploitpatch
https://www.tenda.com.cn/ product
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Tenda AX9 Affected: 22.03.01.46
    cpe:2.3:o:tenda:ax9_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
IOT_Res (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-51
Architecture and Design
  • Use an adaptive hash function that can be configured to change the amount of computational effort needed to compute the hash, such as the number of iterations ("stretching") or the amount of memory required. Some hash functions perform salting automatically. These functions can significantly increase the overhead for a brute force attack compared to intentionally-fast functions such as MD5. For example, rainbow table attacks can become infeasible due to the high computing overhead. Finally, since computing power gets faster and cheaper over time, the technique can be reconfigured to increase the workload without forcing an entire replacement of the algorithm in use.
  • Some hash functions that have one or more of these desired properties include bcrypt [REF-291], scrypt [REF-292], and PBKDF2 [REF-293]. While there is active debate about which of these is the most effective, they are all stronger than using salts with hash functions with very little computing overhead.
  • Note that using these functions can have an impact on performance, so they require special consideration to avoid denial-of-service attacks. However, their configurability provides finer control over how much CPU and memory is used, so it could be adjusted to suit the environment's needs.
CAPEC-461: Web Services API Signature Forgery Leveraging Hash Function Extension Weakness

An adversary utilizes a hash function extension/padding weakness, to modify the parameters passed to the web service requesting authentication by generating their own call in order to generate a legitimate signature hash (as described in the notes), without knowledge of the secret token sometimes provided by the web service.

CAPEC-68: Subvert Code-signing Facilities

Many languages use code signing facilities to vouch for code's identity and to thus tie code to its assigned privileges within an environment. Subverting this mechanism can be instrumental in an attacker escalating privilege. Any means of subverting the way that a virtual machine enforces code signing classifies for this style of attack.

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