CWE-327
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product uses a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm or protocol.
989 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-749J-2HP6-8CXM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-12 15:30 – Updated: 2025-12-12 21:36Weak Encryption Algorithm in StreamPark, The use of an AES cipher in ECB mode and a weak random number generator for encrypting sensitive data, including JWT tokens, may have risked exposing sensitive authentication data
This issue affects Apache StreamPark: from 2.0.0 before 2.1.7.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.1.7, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.streampark:streampark"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54981"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-12T19:23:11Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-12T15:15:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Weak Encryption Algorithm in StreamPark,\u00a0The use of an AES cipher in ECB mode and a weak random number generator for encrypting sensitive data, including JWT tokens, may have risked exposing sensitive authentication data\n\nThis issue affects Apache StreamPark: from 2.0.0 before 2.1.7.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 2.1.7, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-749j-2hp6-8cxm",
"modified": "2025-12-12T21:36:30Z",
"published": "2025-12-12T15:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54981"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/streampark/commit/39034db0c806168afa82e58e4f376e1e3c3b73e4"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/streampark"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/9rbvdvwg5fdhzjdgyrholgso53r26998"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/12/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Apache StreamPark uses a Weak Encryption Algorithm"
}
GHSA-759J-F46V-GHHC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:22 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:22Citrix NetScaler Gateway 12.1 before build 50.31, 12.0 before build 60.9, 11.1 before build 60.14, 11.0 before build 72.17, and 10.5 before build 69.5 and Application Delivery Controller (ADC) 12.1 before build 50.31, 12.0 before build 60.9, 11.1 before build 60.14, 11.0 before build 72.17, and 10.5 before build 69.5 allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive plaintext information because of a TLS Padding Oracle Vulnerability when CBC-based cipher suites are enabled.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-6485"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-02-22T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Citrix NetScaler Gateway 12.1 before build 50.31, 12.0 before build 60.9, 11.1 before build 60.14, 11.0 before build 72.17, and 10.5 before build 69.5 and Application Delivery Controller (ADC) 12.1 before build 50.31, 12.0 before build 60.9, 11.1 before build 60.14, 11.0 before build 72.17, and 10.5 before build 69.5 allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive plaintext information because of a TLS Padding Oracle Vulnerability when CBC-based cipher suites are enabled.",
"id": "GHSA-759j-f46v-ghhc",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:22:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:22:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-6485"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/RUB-NDS/TLS-Padding-Oracles"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX240139"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106783"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-75GJ-WPVG-HGCQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-02 00:31 – Updated: 2024-02-02 00:31IBM PowerSC 1.3, 2.0, and 2.1 uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information. IBM X-Force ID: 275129.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-50939"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-02T00:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM PowerSC 1.3, 2.0, and 2.1 uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information. IBM X-Force ID: 275129.",
"id": "GHSA-75gj-wpvg-hgcq",
"modified": "2024-02-02T00:31:28Z",
"published": "2024-02-02T00:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50939"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/275129"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7113759"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7635-X5F9-5458
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-06 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:30A flaw was found in OpenSC packages that allow a potential PIN bypass. When a token/card is authenticated by one process, it can perform cryptographic operations in other processes when an empty zero-length pin is passed. This issue poses a security risk, particularly for OS logon/screen unlock and for small, permanently connected tokens to computers. Additionally, the token can internally track login status. This flaw allows an attacker to gain unauthorized access, carry out malicious actions, or compromise the system without the user's awareness.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40660"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-06T17:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in OpenSC packages that allow a potential PIN bypass. When a token/card is authenticated by one process, it can perform cryptographic operations in other processes when an empty zero-length pin is passed. This issue poses a security risk, particularly for OS logon/screen unlock and for small, permanently connected tokens to computers. Additionally, the token can internally track login status. This flaw allows an attacker to gain unauthorized access, carry out malicious actions, or compromise the system without the user\u0027s awareness.",
"id": "GHSA-7635-x5f9-5458",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:30:41Z",
"published": "2023-11-06T18:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40660"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenSC/OpenSC/issues/2792#issuecomment-1674806651"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7876"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7879"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-40660"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2240912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenSC/OpenSC/releases/tag/0.24.0-rc1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenSC/OpenSC/wiki/OpenSC-security-advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/11/msg00024.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/12/msg00026.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3CPQOMCDWFRBMEFR5VK4N5MMXXU42ODE"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/GLYEFIBBA37TK3UNMZN5NOJ7IWCIXLQP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/13/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7645-RQ2J-W93J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:04 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:04RSA BSAFE SSL-J versions prior to 6.2.4 contain a Covert Timing Channel vulnerability during RSA decryption, also known as a Bleichenbacher attack on RSA decryption. A remote attacker may be able to recover a RSA key.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11069"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-11T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "RSA BSAFE SSL-J versions prior to 6.2.4 contain a Covert Timing Channel vulnerability during RSA decryption, also known as a Bleichenbacher attack on RSA decryption. A remote attacker may be able to recover a RSA key.",
"id": "GHSA-7645-rq2j-w93j",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:04:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:04:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11069"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2018/Sep/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041614"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-768M-5W34-2XF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-15 20:55 – Updated: 2022-07-25 19:25Impact
The function used to generate random nonces was not sufficiently cryptographically complex. As a result values may be predictable and tokens may be forgable.
Patches
Users should upgrade to version 5.0 immediately
Workarounds
None.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "packbackbooks/lti-1-3-php-library"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31157"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327",
"CWE-330"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-15T20:55:46Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-15T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nThe function used to generate random nonces was not sufficiently cryptographically complex. As a result values may be predictable and tokens may be forgable.\n\n### Patches\n\nUsers should upgrade to version 5.0 immediately\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNone.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-768m-5w34-2xf5",
"modified": "2022-07-25T19:25:08Z",
"published": "2022-07-15T20:55:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/packbackbooks/lti-1-3-php-library/security/advisories/GHSA-768m-5w34-2xf5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/packbackbooks/lti-1-3-php-library/commit/de19e8a0b28cdc7750fa3ca98471eeed26ba3e57"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/packbackbooks/lti-1-3-php-library"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#IDToken"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "LTI 1.3 Tool Library\u0027s function used to generate random nonces not sufficiently cryptographically complex before v5.0"
}
GHSA-76Q6-32QH-C76Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-10 21:30 – Updated: 2025-11-10 21:30Dell PowerScale OneFS, versions prior to 9.10.1.3 and versions 9.11.0.0 through 9.12.0.0, contains a use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Information disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43723"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-10T19:15:56Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dell PowerScale OneFS, versions prior to 9.10.1.3 and versions 9.11.0.0 through 9.12.0.0, contains a use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-76q6-32qh-c76q",
"modified": "2025-11-10T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2025-11-10T21:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000390206/dsa-2025-381-security-update-for-dell-powerscale-onefs-multiple-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76WQ-V5HF-JG5P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-05 00:31Cohesity TranZman Migration Appliance Release 4.0 Build 14614 was discovered to use a weak cryptography algorithm for data encryption, allowing attackers to trivially reverse the encyption and expose credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63912"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-03T18:16:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cohesity TranZman Migration Appliance Release 4.0 Build 14614 was discovered to use a weak cryptography algorithm for data encryption, allowing attackers to trivially reverse the encyption and expose credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-76wq-v5hf-jg5p",
"modified": "2026-03-05T00:31:10Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T18:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/GregDurys/4c2765d76272cda64dfc78f7a75a9251"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GregDurys/Cohesity-TranZman-CVEs"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-77J2-3682-MQMJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:53 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:53A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC ET 200SP Open Controller CPU 1515SP PC (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200SP Open Controller CPU 1515SP PC2 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-1200 CPU family (All versions >= V4.0), SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU family (All versions), SIMATIC S7-1500 Software Controller (All versions), SIMATIC S7-PLCSIM Advanced (All versions). An attacker in a Man-in-the-Middle position could potentially modify network traffic exchanged on port 102/tcp, due to certain properties in the calculation used for integrity protection. In order to exploit the vulnerability, an attacker must be able to perform a Man-in-the-Middle attack. The vulnerability could impact the integrity of the communication. No public exploitation of the vulnerability was known at the time of advisory publication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10929"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-13T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC ET 200SP Open Controller CPU 1515SP PC (All versions), SIMATIC ET 200SP Open Controller CPU 1515SP PC2 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-1200 CPU family (All versions \u003e= V4.0), SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU family (All versions), SIMATIC S7-1500 Software Controller (All versions), SIMATIC S7-PLCSIM Advanced (All versions). An attacker in a Man-in-the-Middle position could potentially modify network traffic exchanged on port 102/tcp, due to certain properties in the calculation used for integrity protection. In order to exploit the vulnerability, an attacker must be able to perform a Man-in-the-Middle attack. The vulnerability could impact the integrity of the communication. No public exploitation of the vulnerability was known at the time of advisory publication.",
"id": "GHSA-77j2-3682-mqmj",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:53:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:53:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10929"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-232418.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-273799.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-19-344-04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-77JF-FJJF-XCWW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-08-23 21:42 – Updated: 2021-07-27 21:15Versions of openpgp prior to 4.3.0 are vulnerable to an Invalid Curve Attack. The package's implementation of ECDH fails to verify the validity of the communication partner's public key. The package calculates the resulting key secret based on an altered curve instead of the specified elliptic curve. Attackers may exfiltrate the victim's private key by choosing the altered curve. An attack requires the attacker being able to initiate message decryption and record the result. Furthermore the victim's key must offer an ECDH public key.
Recommendation
Upgrade to version 4.3.0 or later.
If you are upgrading from a version <4.0.0 it is highly recommended to read the High-Level API Changes section of the openpgp 4.0.0 release: https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/releases/tag/v4.0.0
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openpgp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.3.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9155"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2019-08-23T21:39:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-22T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Versions of `openpgp` prior to 4.3.0 are vulnerable to an Invalid Curve Attack. The package\u0027s implementation of ECDH fails to verify the validity of the communication partner\u0027s public key. The package calculates the resulting key secret based on an altered curve instead of the specified elliptic curve. Attackers may exfiltrate the victim\u0027s private key by choosing the altered curve. An attack requires the attacker being able to initiate message decryption and record the result. Furthermore the victim\u0027s key must offer an ECDH public key.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpgrade to version 4.3.0 or later.\nIf you are upgrading from a version \u003c4.0.0 it is highly recommended to read the `High-Level API Changes` section of the `openpgp` 4.0.0 release: https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/releases/tag/v4.0.0",
"id": "GHSA-77jf-fjjf-xcww",
"modified": "2021-07-27T21:15:18Z",
"published": "2019-08-23T21:42:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/pull/853"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/pull/853/commits/7ba4f8c655e7fd7706e8d7334e44b40fdf56c43e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/releases/tag/v4.3.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec-consult.com/en/blog/advisories/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-openpgp-js"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-OPENPGP-460225"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/Publications/Studies/Mailvelope_Extensions/Mailvelope_Extensions_pdf.html#download=1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1159"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/154191/OpenPGP.js-4.2.0-Signature-Bypass-Invalid-Curve-Attack.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Invalid Curve Attack in openpgp"
}
Mitigation MIT-24
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- When there is a need to store or transmit sensitive data, use strong, up-to-date cryptographic algorithms to encrypt that data. Select a well-vetted algorithm that is currently considered to be strong by experts in the field, and use well-tested implementations. As with all cryptographic mechanisms, the source code should be available for analysis.
- For example, US government systems require FIPS 140-2 certification [REF-1192].
- Do not develop custom or private cryptographic algorithms. They will likely be exposed to attacks that are well-understood by cryptographers. Reverse engineering techniques are mature. If the algorithm can be compromised if attackers find out how it works, then it is especially weak.
- Periodically ensure that the cryptography has not become obsolete. Some older algorithms, once thought to require a billion years of computing time, can now be broken in days or hours. This includes MD4, MD5, SHA1, DES, and other algorithms that were once regarded as strong. [REF-267]
Mitigation MIT-52
Ensure that the design allows one cryptographic algorithm to be replaced with another in the next generation or version. Where possible, use wrappers to make the interfaces uniform. This will make it easier to upgrade to stronger algorithms. With hardware, design the product at the Intellectual Property (IP) level so that one cryptographic algorithm can be replaced with another in the next generation of the hardware product.
Mitigation
Carefully manage and protect cryptographic keys (see CWE-320). If the keys can be guessed or stolen, then the strength of the cryptography itself is irrelevant.
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Industry-standard implementations will save development time and may be more likely to avoid errors that can occur during implementation of cryptographic algorithms. Consider the ESAPI Encryption feature.
Mitigation MIT-25
When using industry-approved techniques, use them correctly. Don't cut corners by skipping resource-intensive steps (CWE-325). These steps are often essential for preventing common attacks.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing
An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.
CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.
CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof
An attacker generates a message or datablock that causes the recipient to believe that the message or datablock was generated and cryptographically signed by an authoritative or reputable source, misleading a victim or victim operating system into performing malicious actions.
CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation
An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.
CAPEC-608: Cryptanalysis of Cellular Encryption
The use of cryptanalytic techniques to derive cryptographic keys or otherwise effectively defeat cellular encryption to reveal traffic content. Some cellular encryption algorithms such as A5/1 and A5/2 (specified for GSM use) are known to be vulnerable to such attacks and commercial tools are available to execute these attacks and decrypt mobile phone conversations in real-time. Newer encryption algorithms in use by UMTS and LTE are stronger and currently believed to be less vulnerable to these types of attacks. Note, however, that an attacker with a Cellular Rogue Base Station can force the use of weak cellular encryption even by newer mobile devices.
CAPEC-614: Rooting SIM Cards
SIM cards are the de facto trust anchor of mobile devices worldwide. The cards protect the mobile identity of subscribers, associate devices with phone numbers, and increasingly store payment credentials, for example in NFC-enabled phones with mobile wallets. This attack leverages over-the-air (OTA) updates deployed via cryptographically-secured SMS messages to deliver executable code to the SIM. By cracking the DES key, an attacker can send properly signed binary SMS messages to a device, which are treated as Java applets and are executed on the SIM. These applets are allowed to send SMS, change voicemail numbers, and query the phone location, among many other predefined functions. These capabilities alone provide plenty of potential for abuse.
CAPEC-97: Cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis is a process of finding weaknesses in cryptographic algorithms and using these weaknesses to decipher the ciphertext without knowing the secret key (instance deduction). Sometimes the weakness is not in the cryptographic algorithm itself, but rather in how it is applied that makes cryptanalysis successful. An attacker may have other goals as well, such as: Total Break (finding the secret key), Global Deduction (finding a functionally equivalent algorithm for encryption and decryption that does not require knowledge of the secret key), Information Deduction (gaining some information about plaintexts or ciphertexts that was not previously known) and Distinguishing Algorithm (the attacker has the ability to distinguish the output of the encryption (ciphertext) from a random permutation of bits).