CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
3634 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-23CV-7MVX-JCQ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-28 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in Realty Workstation allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects Realty Workstation: from n/a through 1.0.45.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-50489"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-28T12:15:16Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in Realty Workstation allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects Realty Workstation: from n/a through 1.0.45.",
"id": "GHSA-23cv-7mvx-jcq6",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:10Z",
"published": "2024-10-28T12:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/realty-workstation/vulnerability/wordpress-realty-workstation-plugin-1-0-45-account-takeover-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/realty-workstation/wordpress-realty-workstation-plugin-1-0-45-account-takeover-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-23G3-4X3J-2V7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the Siebel CRM Cloud Applications product of Oracle Siebel CRM (component: Siebel Cloud Manager). Supported versions that are affected are 22.3-26.5. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Siebel CRM Cloud Applications. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Siebel CRM Cloud Applications accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60704"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:18:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Siebel CRM Cloud Applications product of Oracle Siebel CRM (component: Siebel Cloud Manager). Supported versions that are affected are 22.3-26.5. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Siebel CRM Cloud Applications. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Siebel CRM Cloud Applications accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-23g3-4x3j-2v7r",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:57Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60704"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-23JG-2V84-HG56
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:42 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:42Access to the Advantech iView versions prior to v5.7.03.6112 configuration are missing authentication, which may allow an unauthorized attacker to change the configuration and obtain code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22652"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-11T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Access to the Advantech iView versions prior to v5.7.03.6112 configuration are missing authentication, which may allow an unauthorized attacker to change the configuration and obtain code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-23jg-2v84-hg56",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:42:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:42:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22652"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-040-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/161937/Advantech-iView-Unauthenticated-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-23XG-H5J2-8FCF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-10 18:32Deloitte AI Assist for Customer accepted unauthenticated POST requests through public-facing API endpoints that allowed a remote attacker to make limited additions to the configuration. These additions were not used by the system. On 2026-03-25, AI Assist for Customer restricted network access and enforced authentication for the previously exposed endpoints.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-57475"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T18:16:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Deloitte AI Assist for Customer accepted unauthenticated POST requests through public-facing API endpoints that allowed a remote attacker to make limited additions to the configuration. These additions were not used by the system. On 2026-03-25, AI Assist for Customer restricted network access and enforced authentication for the previously exposed endpoints.",
"id": "GHSA-23xg-h5j2-8fcf",
"modified": "2026-07-10T18:32:21Z",
"published": "2026-07-10T18:32:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57475"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/IT/white/2026/va-26-191-01.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-57474"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://zerotolerance.me/advisories/assets/VU487875-deloitte-ascend-advisory.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://zerotolerance.me/advisories/deloitte-aiassist-ascend-2026-vu487875"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-23XJ-GQPQ-C6G6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-12 15:30 – Updated: 2026-06-12 18:31Improper access control in Devolutions PowerShell Universal 2026.1.7 and earlier allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to obtain the OpenAPI specification of user-defined REST endpoints.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-8694"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T15:16:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Devolutions PowerShell Universal 2026.1.7 and earlier allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to obtain the OpenAPI specification of user-defined REST endpoints.",
"id": "GHSA-23xj-gqpq-c6g6",
"modified": "2026-06-12T18:31:55Z",
"published": "2026-06-12T15:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8694"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://devolutions.net/security/advisories/DEVO-2026-0016"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-244C-7QJJ-MM93
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Coherence product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TCP to compromise Oracle Coherence. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Coherence, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Coherence. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 10.0 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60217"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Coherence product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TCP to compromise Oracle Coherence. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Coherence, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Coherence. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 10.0 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-244c-7qjj-mm93",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:25Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-247V-7CW6-Q57V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 17:43 – Updated: 2026-03-03 17:43Summary
A privilege escalation and authentication bypass vulnerability in OpenSTAManager allows any attacker to arbitrarily change a user's group (idgruppo) by directly calling modules/utenti/actions.php. This can promote an existing account (e.g. agent) into the Amministratori group as well as demote any user including existing administrators.
Details
modules/utenti/actions.php is reachable directly via http://<IP>:8080/modules/utenti/actions.php and processes privileged information without requiring any authentication or authorization checks on fields like idgruppo. As a result, an attacker can submit a crafted POST request that updates the targets record and assigns it to the administrator group.
The file explicitly sets:
$skip_permissions = true;
include_once __DIR__.'/../../core.php';
core.php then invokes:
Permissions::skip();
Thus, disabling any authentication and permission enforcement. As a result, this file processes operations based on the op parameter in the POST request, not only update_user. Sensitive fields like idgruppo and others can be updated without verifying anything.
PoC
A target username exists, such as "agent" with an ID of 4. No authentication or cookies are required. Send the following POST request via Burp Suite or similar:
The target's group is updated in the database.
Verify the changes in the database before and after the POST request:
Changes also visible in the administrator panel, they have been moved from the Agenti group to Amministratori.
Impact
An unauthenticated attacker can assign administrator privileges to existing users, modify group memberships, enable/disable accounts and other operations that are exposed in the file. This can lead to a full compromise of the application.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "devcode-it/openstamanager"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.9.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27012"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T17:43:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\nA privilege escalation and authentication bypass vulnerability in OpenSTAManager allows any attacker to arbitrarily change a user\u0027s group (`idgruppo`) by directly calling `modules/utenti/actions.php`. This can promote an existing account (e.g. agent) into the Amministratori group as well as demote any user including existing administrators.\n\n### Details\n`modules/utenti/actions.php` is reachable directly via `http://\u003cIP\u003e:8080/modules/utenti/actions.php` and processes privileged information without requiring any authentication or authorization checks on fields like idgruppo. As a result, an attacker can submit a crafted POST request that updates the targets record and assigns it to the administrator group.\n\nThe file explicitly sets:\n```PHP\n$skip_permissions = true;\ninclude_once __DIR__.\u0027/../../core.php\u0027;\n```\n`core.php` then invokes:\n\n```PHP\nPermissions::skip();\n```\nThus, disabling any authentication and permission enforcement. As a result, this file processes operations based on the `op` parameter in the POST request, not only `update_user`. Sensitive fields like `idgruppo` and others can be updated without verifying anything.\n\n### PoC\nA target username exists, such as \"agent\" with an ID of 4. No authentication or cookies are required. Send the following POST request via Burp Suite or similar:\n\u003cimg width=\"1094\" height=\"255\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2e8cb148-1b5d-4e5c-9c73-05ed75d64188\" /\u003e\nThe target\u0027s group is updated in the database.\nVerify the changes in the database before and after the POST request:\n\u003cimg width=\"1053\" height=\"430\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/49f63ca0-8a04-4dd1-b27c-69699d2ce26f\" /\u003e\nChanges also visible in the administrator panel, they have been moved from the Agenti group to Amministratori.\n\n### Impact\nAn unauthenticated attacker can assign administrator privileges to existing users, modify group memberships, enable/disable accounts and other operations that are exposed in the file. This can lead to a full compromise of the application.",
"id": "GHSA-247v-7cw6-q57v",
"modified": "2026-03-03T17:43:49Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T17:43:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/devcode-it/openstamanager/security/advisories/GHSA-247v-7cw6-q57v"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/devcode-it/openstamanager"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "OpenSTAManager affected by unauthenticated privilege escalation via modules/utenti/actions.php"
}
GHSA-2493-FRC2-G6PR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-05 21:31 – Updated: 2025-09-03 15:30FreeFloat FTP Server contains multiple critical design flaws that allow unauthenticated remote attackers to upload arbitrary files to sensitive system directories. The server accepts empty credentials, defaults user access to the root of the C:\ drive, and imposes no restrictions on file type or destination path. These conditions enable attackers to upload executable payloads and .mof files to locations such as system32 and wbem\mof, where Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) automatically processes and executes them. This results in remote code execution with SYSTEM-level privileges, without requiring user interaction.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-10030"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-05T20:15:34Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "FreeFloat FTP Server contains multiple critical design flaws that allow unauthenticated remote attackers to upload arbitrary files to sensitive system directories. The server accepts empty credentials, defaults user access to the root of the C:\\ drive, and imposes no restrictions on file type or destination path. These conditions enable attackers to upload executable payloads and .mof files to locations such as system32 and wbem\\mof, where Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) automatically processes and executes them. This results in remote code execution with SYSTEM-level privileges, without requiring user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-2493-frc2-g6pr",
"modified": "2025-09-03T15:30:33Z",
"published": "2025-08-05T21:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-10030"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/tucows_367516_Freefloat_FTP_Server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/master/modules/exploits/windows/ftp/freefloatftp_wbem.rb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/23226"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.fortiguard.com/encyclopedia/ips/34209/freefloat-ftp-server-arbitrary-file-upload"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freefloat-ftp-server-arbitrary-file-upload"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-24FR-XCQ3-RQJR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-20 00:00 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:31The SiteGround Security plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass that allows unauthenticated users to log in as administrative users due to missing identity verification on the 2FA back-up code implementation that logs users in upon success. This affects versions up to, and including, 1.2.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0993"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-19T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The SiteGround Security plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass that allows unauthenticated users to log in as administrative users due to missing identity verification on the 2FA back-up code implementation that logs users in upon success. This affects versions up to, and including, 1.2.5.",
"id": "GHSA-24fr-xcq3-rqjr",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:31:57Z",
"published": "2022-04-20T00:00:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0993"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2706302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2022/04/critical-authentication-bypass-vulnerability-patched-in-siteground-security-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2022/04/critical-authentication-bypass-vulnerability-patched-in-siteground-security-plugin/https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2022/04/critical-authentication-bypass-vulnerability-patched-in-siteground-security-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/8e3a5566-eee5-4f71-9c93-e59abf913d04?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-24GF-3VG7-M9FH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-30 12:30 – Updated: 2025-06-30 12:30The endpoint hosts a script that allows an unauthorized remote attacker to put the system in a fail-safe state over the network due to missing authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8419"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-30T10:15:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The endpoint hosts a script that allows an unauthorized remote attacker to put the system in a fail-safe state over the network due to missing authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-24gf-3vg7-m9fh",
"modified": "2025-06-30T12:30:45Z",
"published": "2025-06-30T12:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8419"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.vde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2024-061"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.