CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5966 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-V2JH-GMCW-3QGG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:42 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:46Remote manipulations with language pack updater lead to NTLM-relay attack for system user in Gemalto's HASP SRM, Sentinel HASP and Sentinel LDK products prior to Sentinel LDK RTE version 7.55.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-12819"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-04T01:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Remote manipulations with language pack updater lead to NTLM-relay attack for system user in Gemalto\u0027s HASP SRM, Sentinel HASP and Sentinel LDK products prior to Sentinel LDK RTE version 7.55.",
"id": "GHSA-v2jh-gmcw-3qgg",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:46:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:42:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12819"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-727467.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.kaspersky.com/advisories/klcert-advisories/2017/10/02/klcert-17-005-sentinel-ldk-rte-remote-manipulations-with-language-pack-updater-lead-to-ntlm-relay-attack-for-system-user"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-093-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V2JJ-9R5F-V99R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:58 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:58Session fixation vulnerability in Novell ZENworks Configuration Management (ZCM) before 11.2.4 allows remote attackers to hijack web sessions via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-6347"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-11-02T20:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Session fixation vulnerability in Novell ZENworks Configuration Management (ZCM) before 11.2.4 allows remote attackers to hijack web sessions via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-v2jj-9r5f-v99r",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:58:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:58:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-6347"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.novell.com/support/kb/doc.php?id=7012027"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-V2QJ-CH59-R5G4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:03Yubico pam-u2f before 1.1.1 has a logic issue that, depending on the pam-u2f configuration and the application used, could lead to a local PIN bypass. This issue does not allow user presence (touch) or cryptographic signature verification to be bypassed, so an attacker would still need to physically possess and interact with the YubiKey or another enrolled authenticator. If pam-u2f is configured to require PIN authentication, and the application using pam-u2f allows the user to submit NULL as the PIN, pam-u2f will attempt to perform a FIDO2 authentication without PIN. If this authentication is successful, the PIN requirement is bypassed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-31924"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-26T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Yubico pam-u2f before 1.1.1 has a logic issue that, depending on the pam-u2f configuration and the application used, could lead to a local PIN bypass. This issue does not allow user presence (touch) or cryptographic signature verification to be bypassed, so an attacker would still need to physically possess and interact with the YubiKey or another enrolled authenticator. If pam-u2f is configured to require PIN authentication, and the application using pam-u2f allows the user to submit NULL as the PIN, pam-u2f will attempt to perform a FIDO2 authentication without PIN. If this authentication is successful, the PIN requirement is bypassed.",
"id": "GHSA-v2qj-ch59-r5g4",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:03:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://developers.yubico.com/pam-u2f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CRBVOZEMVO72FV4Z5O4GBGSURXHWRGD3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IL3I5AKECLMK4ADLLACLOEF7H5CMNDP2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.yubico.com/support/security-advisories/ysa-2021-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V2R3-54RP-H7WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 00:04 – Updated: 2025-04-09 04:03The Trend Micro Personal Firewall service (aka TmPfw.exe) in Trend Micro Network Security Component (NSC) modules, as used in Trend Micro OfficeScan 8.0 SP1 Patch 1 and Internet Security 2007 and 2008 17.0.1224, relies on client-side password protection implemented in the configuration GUI, which allows local users to bypass intended access restrictions and change firewall settings by using a modified client to send crafted packets.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-3866"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-01-21T20:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Trend Micro Personal Firewall service (aka TmPfw.exe) in Trend Micro Network Security Component (NSC) modules, as used in Trend Micro OfficeScan 8.0 SP1 Patch 1 and Internet Security 2007 and 2008 17.0.1224, relies on client-side password protection implemented in the configuration GUI, which allows local users to bypass intended access restrictions and change firewall settings by using a modified client to send crafted packets.",
"id": "GHSA-v2r3-54rp-h7wx",
"modified": "2025-04-09T04:03:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T00:04:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-3866"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/48108"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/31160"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33609"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/secunia_research/2008-43"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/33358"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1021616"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1021617"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.trendmicro.com/ftp/documentation/readme/OSCE8.0_SP1_Patch1_CriticalPatch_3191_Readme.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/0191"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-V2RP-9CPJ-PFW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:01 – Updated: 2024-10-21 21:27Salt before 2015.5.10 and 2015.8.x before 2015.8.8, when PAM external authentication is enabled, allows attackers to bypass the configured authentication service by passing an alternate service with a command sent to LocalClient.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2015.5.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2015.8"
},
{
"fixed": "2015.8.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-3176"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-29T16:48:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-31T19:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Salt before 2015.5.10 and 2015.8.x before 2015.8.8, when PAM external authentication is enabled, allows attackers to bypass the configured authentication service by passing an alternate service with a command sent to LocalClient.",
"id": "GHSA-v2rp-9cpj-pfw2",
"modified": "2024-10-21T21:27:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:01:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3176"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/releases/2015.5.10.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/releases/2015.8.8.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/salt/PYSEC-2017-33.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Salt Insecure configuration of PAM external authentication service"
}
GHSA-V2RR-HHF4-8739
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.1, watchOS 9.2, iOS 16.2 and iPadOS 16.2, tvOS 16.2. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited against versions of iOS released before iOS 15.7.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-48618"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-09T18:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.1, watchOS 9.2, iOS 16.2 and iPadOS 16.2, tvOS 16.2. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited against versions of iOS released before iOS 15.7.1.",
"id": "GHSA-v2rr-hhf4-8739",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:58Z",
"published": "2024-01-09T18:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48618"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213530"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213532"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213536"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-48618"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V2VF-88F9-4PX7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:48 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:36firewalld.py in firewalld before 0.4.3.3 allows local users to bypass authentication and modify firewall configurations via the (1) addPassthrough, (2) removePassthrough, (3) addEntry, (4) removeEntry, or (5) setEntries D-Bus API method.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5410"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-19T14:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "firewalld.py in firewalld before 0.4.3.3 allows local users to bypass authentication and modify firewall configurations via the (1) addPassthrough, (2) removePassthrough, (3) addEntry, (4) removeEntry, or (5) setEntries D-Bus API method.",
"id": "GHSA-v2vf-88f9-4px7",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:36:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:48:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5410"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1360135"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/DPM3GUQRU2KPRXDEQLAMCDQEAIARJSBT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZBJMYLGRVKIPJEI3VZJ4WQZT7FBQ5BKO"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/DPM3GUQRU2KPRXDEQLAMCDQEAIARJSBT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZBJMYLGRVKIPJEI3VZJ4WQZT7FBQ5BKO"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201701-70"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2597.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.firewalld.org/2016/08/firewalld-0-4-3-3-release"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/08/16/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/92481"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V2X2-6PMP-GGMV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 01:54 – Updated: 2022-05-01 01:54Secure Shell (SSH) 2 in Cisco IOS 12.0 through 12.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) (1) via a username that contains a domain name when using a TACACS+ server to authenticate, (2) when a new SSH session is in the login phase and a currently logged in user issues a send command, or (3) when IOS is logging messages and an SSH session is terminated while the server is sending data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2005-1020"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2005-05-02T04:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Secure Shell (SSH) 2 in Cisco IOS 12.0 through 12.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) (1) via a username that contains a domain name when using a TACACS+ server to authenticate, (2) when a new SSH session is in the login phase and a currently logged in user issues a send command, or (3) when IOS is logging messages and an SSH session is terminated while the server is sending data.",
"id": "GHSA-v2x2-6pmp-ggmv",
"modified": "2022-05-01T01:54:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T01:54:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2005-1020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/19987"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/19989"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/19990"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A5455"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/14854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20050406-ssh.shtml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/13043"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/alerts/2005/Apr/1013655.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-V336-J6W6-QHRR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-25 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-29 00:30TeslaMate before 1.25.1 (when using the default Docker configuration) allows attackers to open doors of Tesla vehicles, start Keyless Driving, and interfere with vehicle operation en route. This occurs because an attacker can leverage Grafana login access to obtain a token for Tesla API calls.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23126"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-24T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TeslaMate before 1.25.1 (when using the default Docker configuration) allows attackers to open doors of Tesla vehicles, start Keyless Driving, and interfere with vehicle operation en route. This occurs because an attacker can leverage Grafana login access to obtain a token for Tesla API calls.",
"id": "GHSA-v336-j6w6-qhrr",
"modified": "2025-05-29T00:30:33Z",
"published": "2022-01-25T00:00:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23126"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/adriankumpf/teslamate/commit/fff6915e7364f83b3030f980d5743299c4e5260d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/adriankumpf/teslamate/compare/v1.25.0...v1.25.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/adriankumpf/teslamate/releases/tag/v1.25.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/%40david_colombo/how-i-got-access-to-25-teslas-around-the-world-by-accident-and-curiosity-8b9ef040a028"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@david_colombo/how-i-got-access-to-25-teslas-around-the-world-by-accident-and-curiosity-8b9ef040a028"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://twitter.com/teslascope/status/1481252837174624258"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V339-8WJF-RJVC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:58 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:58eSyndiCat 1.6 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative access by setting the admin_lng cookie value to 1. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-3299"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-07-25T13:41:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "eSyndiCat 1.6 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative access by setting the admin_lng cookie value to 1. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.",
"id": "GHSA-v339-8wjf-rjvc",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:58:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:58:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-3299"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/43972"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/30332"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.