Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

5970 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-QW6J-H2X2-J7FJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:48 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:48
VLAI
Details

The OpenID module in Drupal 6.x before 6.18, and the OpenID module 5.x before 5.x-1.4 for Drupal, violates the OpenID 2.0 protocol by not checking for reuse of openid.response_nonce values, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication by leveraging an assertion from an OpenID provider.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2010-3685"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2010-09-29T17:00:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The OpenID module in Drupal 6.x before 6.18, and the OpenID module 5.x before 5.x-1.4 for Drupal, violates the OpenID 2.0 protocol by not checking for reuse of openid.response_nonce values, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication by leveraging an assertion from an OpenID provider.",
  "id": "GHSA-qw6j-h2x2-j7fj",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T05:48:00Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T05:48:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-3685"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://drupal.org/node/880476"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://drupal.org/node/880480"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://marc.info/?l=oss-security\u0026m=128418560705305\u0026w=2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://marc.info/?l=oss-security\u0026m=128440896914512\u0026w=2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2010/dsa-2113"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/42388"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QW7P-QJWR-4V7H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:29 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:29
VLAI
Details

IBM Tivoli Endpoint Manager (IBM BigFix Platform 9.2 and 9.5) does not perform an authentication check for a critical resource or functionality allowing anonymous users access to protected areas. IBM X-Force ID: 123862.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-1222"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-10-26T21:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Tivoli Endpoint Manager (IBM BigFix Platform 9.2 and 9.5) does not perform an authentication check for a critical resource or functionality allowing anonymous users access to protected areas. IBM X-Force ID: 123862.",
  "id": "GHSA-qw7p-qjwr-4v7h",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T00:29:26Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:29:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1222"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/123862"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22009673"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101571"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QW89-4PF3-XH2C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-19 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:16
VLAI
Details

IBM Planning Analytics Cartridge for Cloud Pak for Data 4.0 connects to a CouchDB server. An attacker can exploit an insecure password policy to the CouchDB server and collect sensitive information from the database. IBM X-Force ID: 247905.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-27877"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-19T02:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "IBM Planning Analytics Cartridge for Cloud Pak for Data 4.0 connects to a CouchDB server. An attacker can exploit an insecure password policy to the CouchDB server and collect sensitive information from the database.  IBM X-Force ID:  247905.",
  "id": "GHSA-qw89-4pf3-xh2c",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:16:49Z",
  "published": "2023-07-19T03:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27877"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/247905"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6999351"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QWCG-95JM-56J3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-24 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-30 00:01
VLAI
Details

Improper Authentication vulnerability in TLS origin validation of Apache Traffic Server allows an attacker to create a man in the middle attack. This issue affects Apache Traffic Server 8.0.0 to 8.1.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-44759"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-23T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper Authentication vulnerability in TLS origin validation of Apache Traffic Server allows an attacker to create a man in the middle attack. This issue affects Apache Traffic Server 8.0.0 to 8.1.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-qwcg-95jm-56j3",
  "modified": "2022-03-30T00:01:09Z",
  "published": "2022-03-24T00:00:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44759"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/zblwzcfs9ryhwjr89wz4osw55pxm6dx6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5153"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QWH6-XWJ4-9CJG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-14 22:46
VLAI
Summary
Remote code execution in net.mingsoft:ms-mcms
Details

net.mingsoft:ms-mcms <=5.2.5 is affected by: RCE. The impact is: execute arbitrary code (remote). The attack vector is: ${"freemarker.template.utility.Execute"?new()("calc")}. ¶¶ MCMS has a pre-auth RCE vulnerability through which allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via http to compromise MCMS. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of MCMS.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "net.mingsoft:ms-mcms"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.2.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-46384"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-03-14T22:46:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-04T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "net.mingsoft:ms-mcms \u003c=5.2.5 is affected by: RCE. The impact is: execute arbitrary code (remote). The attack vector is: ${\"freemarker.template.utility.Execute\"?new()(\"calc\")}. \u00b6\u00b6 MCMS has a pre-auth RCE vulnerability through which allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via http to compromise MCMS. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of MCMS.",
  "id": "GHSA-qwh6-xwj4-9cjg",
  "modified": "2022-03-14T22:46:48Z",
  "published": "2022-03-05T00:00:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46384"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitee.com/mingSoft/MCMS/issues/I4QZ1O"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Remote code execution in net.mingsoft:ms-mcms"
}

GHSA-QWJQ-8XFM-XGQ2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:31 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:31
VLAI
Details

A remote urlaccesscontroller authentication bypass vulnerability was discovered in HPE Intelligent Management Center (iMC) version(s): Prior to iMC PLAT 7.3 (E0705P07).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-24629"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-10-19T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A remote urlaccesscontroller authentication bypass vulnerability was discovered in HPE Intelligent Management Center (iMC) version(s): Prior to iMC PLAT 7.3 (E0705P07).",
  "id": "GHSA-qwjq-8xfm-xgq2",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:31:13Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:31:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-24629"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbnw04036en_us"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QWM4-R696-WPP8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:46 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:46
VLAI
Details

Session fixation vulnerability in html/Elements/SetupSessionCookie in Best Practical Solutions RT 3.0.0 through 3.6.9 and 3.8.x through 3.8.5 allows remote attackers to hijack web sessions by setting the session identifier via a manipulation that leverages a second web server within the same domain.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2009-3585"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-12-02T16:30:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Session fixation vulnerability in html/Elements/SetupSessionCookie in Best Practical Solutions RT 3.0.0 through 3.6.9 and 3.8.x through 3.8.5 allows remote attackers to hijack web sessions by setting the session identifier via a manipulation that leverages a second web server within the same domain.",
  "id": "GHSA-qwm4-r696-wpp8",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T03:46:45Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T03:46:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-3585"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/54472"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-December/msg00761.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-December/msg00794.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-December/msg00832.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://bestpractical.typepad.com/files/rt-3.0.0-session_fixation.v3.patch"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://bestpractical.typepad.com/files/rt-3.0.1-3.0.6-session_fixation.v3.patch"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://bestpractical.typepad.com/files/rt-3.0.7-3.6.1-session_fixation.v3.patch"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://bestpractical.typepad.com/files/rt-3.6.2-3.6.3-session_fixation.v3.patch"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://bestpractical.typepad.com/files/rt-3.6.4-3.6.9-session_fixation.v2.patch"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://bestpractical.typepad.com/files/rt-3.8-session_fixation.patch"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://blog.bestpractical.com/2009/11/session-fixation-vulnerability.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.bestpractical.com/pipermail/rt-announce/2009-November/000176.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.bestpractical.com/pipermail/rt-announce/2009-November/000177.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/37546"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/37728"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/37162"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QWPH-4952-7XR6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 03:32 – Updated: 2025-02-13 18:33
VLAI
Summary
jsonwebtoken vulnerable to signature validation bypass due to insecure default algorithm in jwt.verify()
Details

Overview

In versions <=8.5.1 of jsonwebtoken library, lack of algorithm definition and a falsy secret or key in the jwt.verify() function can lead to signature validation bypass due to defaulting to the none algorithm for signature verification.

Am I affected?

You will be affected if all the following are true in the jwt.verify() function: - a token with no signature is received - no algorithms are specified - a falsy (e.g. null, false, undefined) secret or key is passed

How do I fix it?

Update to version 9.0.0 which removes the default support for the none algorithm in the jwt.verify() method.

Will the fix impact my users?

There will be no impact, if you update to version 9.0.0 and you don’t need to allow for the none algorithm. If you need 'none' algorithm, you have to explicitly specify that in jwt.verify() options.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "jsonwebtoken"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23540"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-327",
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-22T03:32:59Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "# Overview\n\nIn versions \u003c=8.5.1 of jsonwebtoken library, lack of algorithm definition and a falsy secret or key in the `jwt.verify()` function can lead to signature validation bypass due to defaulting to the `none` algorithm for signature verification.\n\n# Am I affected?\nYou will be affected if all the following are true in the `jwt.verify()` function:\n- a token with no signature is received\n- no algorithms are specified \n- a falsy (e.g. null, false, undefined) secret or key is passed \n\n# How do I fix it?\n \nUpdate to version 9.0.0 which removes the default support for the none algorithm in the `jwt.verify()` method. \n\n# Will the fix impact my users?\n\nThere will be no impact, if you update to version 9.0.0 and you don\u2019t need to allow for the `none` algorithm. If you need \u0027none\u0027 algorithm, you have to explicitly specify that in `jwt.verify()` options.",
  "id": "GHSA-qwph-4952-7xr6",
  "modified": "2025-02-13T18:33:13Z",
  "published": "2022-12-22T03:32:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/security/advisories/GHSA-qwph-4952-7xr6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23540"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/e1fa9dcc12054a8681db4e6373da1b30cf7016e3"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0007"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "jsonwebtoken vulnerable to signature validation bypass due to insecure default algorithm in jwt.verify()"
}

GHSA-QWWJ-QJ3F-9HV7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:02 – Updated: 2022-07-13 17:17
VLAI
Summary
Improper Authentication in OpenSAML
Details

Shibboleth OpenSAML library 2.4.x before 2.4.3 and 2.5.x before 2.5.1, and IdP before 2.3.2, allows remote attackers to forge messages and bypass authentication via an "XML Signature wrapping attack."

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.opensaml:opensaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.opensaml:opensaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2011-1411"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-13T17:17:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2011-09-02T23:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Shibboleth OpenSAML library 2.4.x before 2.4.3 and 2.5.x before 2.5.1, and IdP before 2.3.2, allows remote attackers to forge messages and bypass authentication via an \"XML Signature wrapping attack.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-qwwj-qj3f-9hv7",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T17:17:40Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T05:02:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-1411"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://shibboleth.internet2.edu/secadv/secadv_20110725.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2011/dsa-2284"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/cpuoct2012-1515893.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Improper Authentication in OpenSAML"
}

GHSA-QWWW-69CF-RRQ6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:54 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:54
VLAI
Details

EMC RSA Adaptive Authentication On-Premise (AAOP) 6.0.2.1 SP1 Patch 2, SP1 Patch 3, SP2, SP2 Patch 1, and SP3 does not prevent reuse of authentication information during a session, which allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions via vectors related to knowledge of the originally used authentication information and unspecified other session information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2011-2733"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2011-08-18T23:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "EMC RSA Adaptive Authentication On-Premise (AAOP) 6.0.2.1 SP1 Patch 2, SP1 Patch 3, SP2, SP2 Patch 1, and SP3 does not prevent reuse of authentication information during a session, which allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions via vectors related to knowledge of the originally used authentication information and unspecified other session information.",
  "id": "GHSA-qwww-69cf-rrq6",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:54:57Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:54:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-2733"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/8344"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/519346/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/49574"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.