CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5978 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-Q2W2-H2FH-6F89
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:06 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:06The default configuration of EMC Smarts Network Configuration Manager (NCM) before 9.1 does not require authentication for database access, which allows remote attackers to have an unspecified impact via a network session.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-4614"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-11-27T21:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The default configuration of EMC Smarts Network Configuration Manager (NCM) before 9.1 does not require authentication for database access, which allows remote attackers to have an unspecified impact via a network session.",
"id": "GHSA-q2w2-h2fh-6f89",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:06:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:06:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-4614"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-11/0095.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/87877"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51408"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/56682"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1027812"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-Q345-FGMQ-3PF3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:37 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:37Mozilla Firefox before 2.0.0.13 and SeaMonkey before 1.1.9, when generating the HTTP Referer header, does not list the entire URL when it contains Basic Authentication credentials without a username, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass application protection mechanisms that rely on Referer headers, such as with some Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) mechanisms.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-1238"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-03-27T10:44:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mozilla Firefox before 2.0.0.13 and SeaMonkey before 1.1.9, when generating the HTTP Referer header, does not list the entire URL when it contains Basic Authentication credentials without a username, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass application protection mechanisms that rely on Referer headers, such as with some Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) mechanisms.",
"id": "GHSA-q345-fgmq-3pf3",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:37:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:37:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-1238"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/41449"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A9889"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2008-04/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2008-0208.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29391"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29526"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29539"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29541"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29547"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29550"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29558"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29560"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29607"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29616"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29645"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30327"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30620"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://sla.ckers.org/forum/read.php?10%2C20033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://sla.ckers.org/forum/read.php?10,20033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://sunsolve.sun.com/search/document.do?assetkey=1-26-238492-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://wiki.rpath.com/wiki/Advisories:rPSA-2008-0128"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2008/dsa-1532"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2008/dsa-1534"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2008/dsa-1535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.gentoo.org/security/en/glsa/glsa-200805-18.xml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2008:080"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mozilla.org/security/announce/2008/mfsa2008-16.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2008-0207.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2008-0209.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/490196/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28448"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1019703"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-592-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA08-087A.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/0998/references"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/1793/references"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-Q352-54M7-465W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:44 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:44BandSite CMS 1.1.4 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative access by setting the login_auth cookie to true.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-5497"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-12-12T16:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "BandSite CMS 1.1.4 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative access by setting the login_auth cookie to true.",
"id": "GHSA-q352-54m7-465w",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:44:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:44:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5497"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/46601"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/7113"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/4716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/32295"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-Q35V-MM3J-6PQV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 04:00 – Updated: 2022-05-02 04:00IBM Tivoli Federated Identity Manager (TFIM) 6.2.0 before 6.2.0.2, when configured as an OpenID relying party, does not perform the expected login rejection upon receiving an OP-Identifier from an OpenID provider, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-5083"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2011-08-12T17:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Tivoli Federated Identity Manager (TFIM) 6.2.0 before 6.2.0.2, when configured as an OpenID relying party, does not perform the expected login rejection upon receiving an OP-Identifier from an OpenID provider, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-q35v-mm3j-6pqv",
"modified": "2022-05-02T04:00:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T04:00:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-5083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg1IZ44571"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg24029497"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-Q38J-WXRX-R48R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:12 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:12The OpenSSH server, as used in Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 and when running in a Kerberos environment, allows remote authenticated users to log in as another user when they are listed in the .k5users file of that user, which might bypass intended authentication requirements that would force a local login.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-9278"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-12-06T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The OpenSSH server, as used in Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 and when running in a Kerberos environment, allows remote authenticated users to log in as another user when they are listed in the .k5users file of that user, which might bypass intended authentication requirements that would force a local login.",
"id": "GHSA-q38j-wxrx-r48r",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:12:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:12:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-9278"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mindrot.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1867"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1169843"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/99090"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0425.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.encryption.kerberos.general/15855"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2014/12/02/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2014/12/04/17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/71420"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-Q39C-5VH5-VW2P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-02 16:47 – Updated: 2021-07-26 18:43Apereo CAS 5.3.x before 5.3.16, 6.x before 6.1.7.2, 6.2.x before 6.2.4, and 6.3.x before 6.3.0-RC4 mishandles secret keys with Google Authenticator for multifactor authentication.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-webapp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.3.16"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.1.7.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-webapp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.1.7.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-webapp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.2.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-otp-mfa-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.3.16"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.1.7.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-otp-mfa-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.1.7.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-otp-mfa-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.2.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-27178"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-07-26T18:43:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-16T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Apereo CAS 5.3.x before 5.3.16, 6.x before 6.1.7.2, 6.2.x before 6.2.4, and 6.3.x before 6.3.0-RC4 mishandles secret keys with Google Authenticator for multifactor authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-q39c-5vh5-vw2p",
"modified": "2021-07-26T18:43:04Z",
"published": "2021-08-02T16:47:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27178"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://apereo.github.io/2020/10/14/gauthvuln"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Authentication in Apereo CAS"
}
GHSA-Q3HC-QVQ7-7GMJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:34 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:34Improper authentication in EDK II may allow a privileged user to potentially enable information disclosure via network access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-14553"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-23T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper authentication in EDK II may allow a privileged user to potentially enable information disclosure via network access.",
"id": "GHSA-q3hc-qvq7-7gmj",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:34:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:34:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14553"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=960"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-Q3P4-9XC9-MMHF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-01 15:30 – Updated: 2025-03-27 15:30A vulnerability in the Remember Me function of Mura CMS before v10.0.580 allows attackers to bypass authentication via a crafted web request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-47003"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-01T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Remember Me function of Mura CMS before v10.0.580 allows attackers to bypass authentication via a crafted web request.",
"id": "GHSA-q3p4-9xc9-mmhf",
"modified": "2025-03-27T15:30:40Z",
"published": "2023-02-01T15:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hoyahaxa.blogspot.com/2023/01/preliminary-security-advisory.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hoyahaxa.blogspot.com/2023/03/authentication-bypass-mura-masa.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.masacms.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.murasoftware.com/mura-cms"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mura.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q3PX-VRJJ-4F97
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-26 00:32 – Updated: 2026-06-27 21:30Missing SNI/ALPN binding on stateful (session-ID) resumption, which previously skipped the binding check performed for ticket-based resumption. A cached session could be resumed under a different SNI/ALPN than originally negotiated and, where client-authentication policy differs across virtual hosts, carry the cached peer-authentication state into a context it was not established for. Resumption now verifies the SNI/ALPN binding for all paths and declines (falling back to a full handshake) on mismatch.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-11703"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-25T22:17:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing SNI/ALPN binding on stateful (session-ID) resumption, which previously skipped the binding check performed for ticket-based resumption. A cached session could be resumed under a different SNI/ALPN than originally negotiated and, where client-authentication policy differs across virtual hosts, carry the cached peer-authentication state into a context it was not established for. Resumption now verifies the SNI/ALPN binding for all paths and declines (falling back to a full handshake) on mismatch.",
"id": "GHSA-q3px-vrjj-4f97",
"modified": "2026-06-27T21:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-06-26T00:32:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11703"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/pull/10489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wolfssl.com/docs/security-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q3WM-X327-JM28
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:54 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:54Benja CMS 0.1 does not require authentication for access to admin/, which allows remote attackers to add or delete a menu.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-2879"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-06-26T17:41:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Benja CMS 0.1 does not require authentication for access to admin/, which allows remote attackers to add or delete a menu.",
"id": "GHSA-q3wm-x327-jm28",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:54:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:54:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-2879"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30834"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/3958"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/493568/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/29884"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.