CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
6742 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-C6GX-CR5G-7JHP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-18 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-19 00:00The OAuth Single Sign On WordPress plugin before 6.22.6 doesn't validate that OAuth access token requests are legitimate, which allows attackers to log onto the site with the only knowledge of a user's email address.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-2133"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-17T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The OAuth Single Sign On WordPress plugin before 6.22.6 doesn\u0027t validate that OAuth access token requests are legitimate, which allows attackers to log onto the site with the only knowledge of a user\u0027s email address.",
"id": "GHSA-c6gx-cr5g-7jhp",
"modified": "2022-07-19T00:00:30Z",
"published": "2022-07-18T00:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2133"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/e76939ca-180f-4472-a26a-e0c36cfd32de"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C6JJ-HC2X-M9JC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-07 12:30 – Updated: 2022-12-12 18:30Authentication bypass using an alternate path or channel vulnerability in bingo!CMS version1.7.4.1 and earlier allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to upload an arbitrary file. As a result, an arbitrary script may be executed and/or a file may be altered.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42458"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-07T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Authentication bypass using an alternate path or channel vulnerability in bingo!CMS version1.7.4.1 and earlier allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to upload an arbitrary file. As a result, an arbitrary script may be executed and/or a file may be altered.",
"id": "GHSA-c6jj-hc2x-m9jc",
"modified": "2022-12-12T18:30:26Z",
"published": "2022-12-07T12:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42458"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN74592196/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bingo-cms.jp/information/20221011.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C6M6-48GG-QVWW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:01 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:01Insufficient security checks exist in the recovery procedure used by the Foscam C1 Indoor HD Camera running application firmware 2.52.2.43. A HTTP request can allow for a user to perform a firmware upgrade using a crafted image. Before any firmware upgrades in this image are flashed to the device, binaries as well as arguments to shell commands contained in the image are executed with elevated privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2872"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-17T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Insufficient security checks exist in the recovery procedure used by the Foscam C1 Indoor HD Camera running application firmware 2.52.2.43. A HTTP request can allow for a user to perform a firmware upgrade using a crafted image. Before any firmware upgrades in this image are flashed to the device, binaries as well as arguments to shell commands contained in the image are executed with elevated privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-c6m6-48gg-qvww",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:01:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:01:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2872"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2017-0379"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C6MW-5FMV-25QX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-23 03:31 – Updated: 2026-04-02 21:31The issue was addressed with improved authentication. This issue is fixed in iOS 17.3 and iPadOS 17.3. Stolen Device Protection may be unexpectedly disabled.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-23219"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-23T01:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved authentication. This issue is fixed in iOS 17.3 and iPadOS 17.3. Stolen Device Protection may be unexpectedly disabled.",
"id": "GHSA-c6mw-5fmv-25qx",
"modified": "2026-04-02T21:31:35Z",
"published": "2024-01-23T03:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120304"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214059"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214059"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jan/33"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C6Q9-775Q-5W8F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-06 00:00A remote authentication bypass vulnerability was discovered in HPE Cray Legacy Shasta System Solutions; HPE Slingshot; and HPE Cray EX supercomputers versions: Prior to node controller firmware associated with HPE Cray EX liquid cooled blades, and all versions of chassis controller firmware associated with HPE Cray EX liquid cooled cabinets prior to 1.6.27/1.5.33/1.4.27; All Slingshot versions prior to 1.7.2; All versions of node controller firmware associated with HPE Cray EX liquid cooled blades, and all versions of chassis controller firmware associated with HPE Cray EX liquid cooled cabinets prior to 1.6.27/1.5.33/1.4.27. HPE has provided a software update to resolve this vulnerability in HPE Cray Legacy Shasta System Solutions, HPE Slingshot, and HPE Cray EX Supercomputers.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28620"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-24T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A remote authentication bypass vulnerability was discovered in HPE Cray Legacy Shasta System Solutions; HPE Slingshot; and HPE Cray EX supercomputers versions: Prior to node controller firmware associated with HPE Cray EX liquid cooled blades, and all versions of chassis controller firmware associated with HPE Cray EX liquid cooled cabinets prior to 1.6.27/1.5.33/1.4.27; All Slingshot versions prior to 1.7.2; All versions of node controller firmware associated with HPE Cray EX liquid cooled blades, and all versions of chassis controller firmware associated with HPE Cray EX liquid cooled cabinets prior to 1.6.27/1.5.33/1.4.27. HPE has provided a software update to resolve this vulnerability in HPE Cray Legacy Shasta System Solutions, HPE Slingshot, and HPE Cray EX Supercomputers.",
"id": "GHSA-c6q9-775q-5w8f",
"modified": "2022-07-06T00:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-06-25T00:00:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28620"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbcr04284en_us"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C6QR-XJ7Q-PPXR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-05 06:30 – Updated: 2026-01-05 06:30A flaw has been found in bg5sbk MiniCMS up to 1.8. Impacted is the function delete_page of the file /minicms/mc-admin/page.php of the component File Recovery Request Handler. This manipulation causes improper authentication. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15455"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-05T04:15:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in bg5sbk MiniCMS up to 1.8. Impacted is the function delete_page of the file /minicms/mc-admin/page.php of the component File Recovery Request Handler. This manipulation causes improper authentication. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-c6qr-xj7q-ppxr",
"modified": "2026-01-05T06:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-01-05T06:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15455"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ueh1013/VULN/issues/14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.339488"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.339488"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.725137"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-C6VF-9QG7-RJ38
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-01 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-01 21:31A vulnerability has been identified in the underlying operating system of HPE Networking Fabric Composer that could potentially allow an unauthenticated adjacent actor to circumvent existing authentication controls. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain administrative access, modify system configurations, and access or manipulate sensitive data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-73726"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-01T20:17:20Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in the underlying operating system of HPE Networking Fabric Composer that could potentially allow an unauthenticated adjacent actor to circumvent existing authentication controls. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain administrative access, modify system configurations, and access or manipulate sensitive data.",
"id": "GHSA-c6vf-9qg7-rj38",
"modified": "2026-09-01T21:31:49Z",
"published": "2026-09-01T21:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-73726"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbnw05133en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C72Q-45P9-V8QH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-27 09:31 – Updated: 2026-09-27 09:31Without NO_SESSION_CACHE_REF, wolfSSL_get_session() does not return a session object but a ClientSession reference of the form {row, index, hash(sessionID)} into the process-global SessionCache, and ClientSessionToSession() validates it against that hash alone. Because the TLS 1.2 session ID is chosen by the server and sent in clear, AddSessionToCache() matches any other server's session on the same ID and overwrites the client-side entry with that server's master secret, cipher suite and version, while the handle continues to resolve; nothing on the write path compares the peer, the application's server ID or the WOLFSSL_CTX. Resuming through the handle then produces an abbreviated handshake in which no Certificate message is sent, so neither chain verification nor wolfSSL_check_domain_name() runs, and the attacker is accepted as the original server for the whole of that connection. Affected builds are those leaving NO_SESSION_CACHE_REF, NO_SESSION_CACHE, NO_CLIENT_CACHE and TITAN_SESSION_CACHE all undefined, which includes a plain ./configure, --enable-opensslextra and --enable-opensslall; fifteen integration options define NO_SESSION_CACHE_REF and are therefore not affected, among them --enable-all, --enable-distro, --enable-curl, --enable-nginx, --enable-haproxy, --enable-stunnel, --enable-wpas and the rest of the OPENSSL_COMPATIBLE_DEFAULTS family, and --enable-leanpsk, --enable-leantls, --enable-lowresource and --enable-tinytls13 disable the cache outright. The application must use the legacy reference flow, wolfSSL_get_session() or SSL_get_session() followed by wolfSSL_set_session(); wolfSSL_get1_session() returns the session object itself and is not affected, nor are wolfSSL_SetServerID() lookups. Only TLS 1.2 and below and DTLS 1.2 and below are reachable, since TLS 1.3 and ticket resumption with an empty ServerHello session ID both use a client-chosen cache key. The poisoned entry lives in the process-global cache, so it crosses WOLFSSL_CTX boundaries and persists until the entry is evicted or the session times out, 500 seconds by default. Releases v5.3.0 through v5.9.2 are affected; the fix adds a per-write generation counter to the cache and raises WOLFSSL_CACHE_VERSION from 2 to 3, so a cache persisted by an older build is rejected by a fixed one.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-94419"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-27T09:16:36Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Without NO_SESSION_CACHE_REF, wolfSSL_get_session() does not return a session object but a ClientSession reference of the form {row, index, hash(sessionID)} into the process-global SessionCache, and ClientSessionToSession() validates it against that hash alone. Because the TLS 1.2 session ID is chosen by the server and sent in clear, AddSessionToCache() matches any other server\u0027s session on the same ID and overwrites the client-side entry with that server\u0027s master secret, cipher suite and version, while the handle continues to resolve; nothing on the write path compares the peer, the application\u0027s server ID or the WOLFSSL_CTX. Resuming through the handle then produces an abbreviated handshake in which no Certificate message is sent, so neither chain verification nor wolfSSL_check_domain_name() runs, and the attacker is accepted as the original server for the whole of that connection. Affected builds are those leaving NO_SESSION_CACHE_REF, NO_SESSION_CACHE, NO_CLIENT_CACHE and TITAN_SESSION_CACHE all undefined, which includes a plain ./configure, --enable-opensslextra and --enable-opensslall; fifteen integration options define NO_SESSION_CACHE_REF and are therefore not affected, among them --enable-all, --enable-distro, --enable-curl, --enable-nginx, --enable-haproxy, --enable-stunnel, --enable-wpas and the rest of the OPENSSL_COMPATIBLE_DEFAULTS family, and --enable-leanpsk, --enable-leantls, --enable-lowresource and --enable-tinytls13 disable the cache outright. The application must use the legacy reference flow, wolfSSL_get_session() or SSL_get_session() followed by wolfSSL_set_session(); wolfSSL_get1_session() returns the session object itself and is not affected, nor are wolfSSL_SetServerID() lookups. Only TLS 1.2 and below and DTLS 1.2 and below are reachable, since TLS 1.3 and ticket resumption with an empty ServerHello session ID both use a client-chosen cache key. The poisoned entry lives in the process-global cache, so it crosses WOLFSSL_CTX boundaries and persists until the entry is evicted or the session times out, 500 seconds by default. Releases v5.3.0 through v5.9.2 are affected; the fix adds a per-write generation counter to the cache and raises WOLFSSL_CACHE_VERSION from 2 to 3, so a cache persisted by an older build is rejected by a fixed one.",
"id": "GHSA-c72q-45p9-v8qh",
"modified": "2026-09-27T09:31:10Z",
"published": "2026-09-27T09:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-94419"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/pull/11500"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-C74H-J53F-GQPQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-24 21:32 – Updated: 2026-09-24 21:32Dell Rugged Control Center (RCC), versions prior to 5.2.206, contain an Improper Authorization vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Elevation of Privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-56792"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-24T19:17:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dell Rugged Control Center (RCC), versions prior to 5.2.206, contain an Improper Authorization vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Elevation of Privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-c74h-j53f-gqpq",
"modified": "2026-09-24T21:32:48Z",
"published": "2026-09-24T21:32:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56792"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000506924/dsa-2026-410-security-update-for-dell-rugged-control-center-rcc-multiple-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C74M-6P5X-CFMF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-26 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:21The online authentication provided by the hwKitAssistant lacks strict identity verification of applications. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability of features,such as MeeTime.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0117"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-26T17:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The online authentication provided by the hwKitAssistant lacks strict identity verification of applications. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability of features,such as MeeTime.",
"id": "GHSA-c74m-6p5x-cfmf",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:21:07Z",
"published": "2023-05-26T18:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0117"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2023/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.