Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

6974 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-108548 (GCVE-0-2026-108548)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-10 14:35 – Updated: 2026-10-14 02:19
VLAI
Title
AstronRPA through 1.1.6 Authentication Bypass via Arbitrary Bearer Token
Summary
AstronRPA through 1.1.6 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in the OpenResty gateway's auth_handler.lua that accepts any Bearer token without validation. Unauthenticated attackers can send arbitrary Bearer values to reach /api/resource/ and /api/rpa-ai-service/ routes and spoof X-User-Id or user_id headers to act as any user.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 02:19 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6373 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
iflytek astron-rpa Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.1.6 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-06 00:00
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-108548",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-14T02:19:37.378890Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-14T02:19:47.005Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "astron-rpa",
          "vendor": "iflytek",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "1.1.6",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "George Chen"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "AstronRPA through 1.1.6 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in the OpenResty gateway\u0027s auth_handler.lua that accepts any Bearer token without validation. Unauthenticated attackers can send arbitrary Bearer values to reach /api/resource/ and /api/rpa-ai-service/ routes and spoof X-User-Id or user_id headers to act as any user."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 6.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "baseScore": 7.3,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-10T14:35:03.690Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub Issue #886",
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/iflytek/astron-rpa/issues/886"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/iflytek/astron-rpa"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/iflytek/astron-rpa/blob/v1.1.6/docker/volumes/nginx/lua/auth_handler.lua#L21-L35"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/iflytek/astron-rpa/blob/v1.1.6/backend/ai-service/app/dependencies/__init__.py#L10-L24"
        },
        {
          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: AstronRPA through 1.1.6 Authentication Bypass via Arbitrary Bearer Token",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/astronrpa-through-1.1.6-authentication-bypass-via-arbitrary-bearer-token"
        }
      ],
      "title": "AstronRPA through 1.1.6 Authentication Bypass via Arbitrary Bearer Token",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-108548",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-10T14:35:03.690Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-10T14:24:42.459Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-14T02:19:47.005Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-108522 (GCVE-0-2026-108522)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-11 04:00 – Updated: 2026-10-14 02:47 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Studio-Saelix Sencho Login Endpoint login improper authentication
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Studio-Saelix Sencho up to 0.94.1. This affects an unknown part of the file /api/auth/login of the component Login Endpoint. Performing a manipulation of the argument X-Forwarded-For results in improper authentication. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The patch is named 79b86ddcd4aefdd6941f098e35990ab397b13c72. To fix this issue, it is recommended to deploy a patch. The vendor confirms: "The login limiter relied on client-supplied X-Forwarded-For data without an explicit trusted-proxy boundary, allowing an attacker to rotate the apparent client address. The remediation now ignores forwarding headers by default, accepts them only from explicitly configured proxy CIDRs, and adds a separate failed-attempt limit keyed by normalized account identity."
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 02:47 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3832 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Studio-Saelix Sencho Affected: 0.94.0
Affected: 0.94.1
    cpe:2.3:a:studio-saelix:sencho:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-108522",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-14T02:47:19.320021Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-14T02:47:28.807Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:studio-saelix:sencho:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "modules": [
            "Login Endpoint"
          ],
          "product": "Sencho",
          "vendor": "Studio-Saelix",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0.94.0"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0.94.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "jpazz (VulDB User)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "coordinator",
          "value": "VulDB CNA Team"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A vulnerability was found in Studio-Saelix Sencho up to 0.94.1. This affects an unknown part of the file /api/auth/login of the component Login Endpoint. Performing a manipulation of the argument X-Forwarded-For results in improper authentication. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The patch is named 79b86ddcd4aefdd6941f098e35990ab397b13c72. To fix this issue, it is recommended to deploy a patch. The vendor confirms: \"The login limiter relied on client-supplied X-Forwarded-For data without an explicit trusted-proxy boundary, allowing an attacker to rotate the apparent client address. The remediation now ignores forwarding headers by default, accepts them only from explicitly configured proxy CIDRs, and adds a separate failed-attempt limit keyed by normalized account identity.\""
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "baseScore": 6.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:P",
            "version": "4.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.3,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 8.3,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV2_0": {
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C",
            "version": "2.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-11T04:00:17.265Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "VDB-416188 | Studio-Saelix Sencho Login Endpoint login improper authentication",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/416188"
        },
        {
          "name": "VDB-416188 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
          "tags": [
            "signature",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/416188/cti"
        },
        {
          "name": "CVE-2026-108522 | CVE Analysis and Report",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108522"
        },
        {
          "name": "Submit #893366 | Studio-Saelix sencho \u003c= 0.94.1 Authentication Bypass by Spoofing",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/893366"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "exploit"
          ],
          "url": "https://gist.github.com/jovair1994/839c8aaca1f37567cdd02e107a389f6a"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking",
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/Studio-Saelix/sencho/pull/1877"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/Studio-Saelix/sencho/commit/79b86ddcd4aefdd6941f098e35990ab397b13c72"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/Studio-Saelix/sencho/"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "x_open-source"
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-10-10T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-10-10T14:53:54.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Studio-Saelix Sencho Login Endpoint login improper authentication",
      "x_generator": [
        "VulDB PVTS v202610"
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-108522",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-11T04:00:17.265Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-10T12:48:39.264Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-14T02:47:28.807Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-108157 (GCVE-0-2026-108157)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 16:04 – Updated: 2026-10-09 17:14
VLAI
Title
Pingvin Share X 0.19.0 before 1.22.0 Account Takeover via OAuth Email Linking
Summary
Pingvin Share X from 0.19.0 before 1.22.0 contains an improper authentication vulnerability that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to take over accounts by abusing automatic OAuth email linking in OAuthService.signUp(). Attackers can register a victim's unverified email on an enabled OAuth/OIDC provider, exploiting the missing email_verified check in GenericOidcProvider, to sign in as the victim including administrators while bypassing TOTP.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-09 17:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6373 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
smp46 pingvin-share-x Affected: 0.19.0 , < 1.22.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-108157",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-09T17:09:56.133538Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T17:14:05.839Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "pingvin-share-x",
          "vendor": "smp46",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "1.22.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0.19.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Mat\u00e9o Florian Callec"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-08-12T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Pingvin Share X from 0.19.0 before 1.22.0 contains an improper authentication vulnerability that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to take over accounts by abusing automatic OAuth email linking in OAuthService.signUp(). Attackers can register a victim\u0027s unverified email on an enabled OAuth/OIDC provider, exploiting the missing email_verified check in GenericOidcProvider, to sign in as the victim including administrators while bypassing TOTP."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 9.2,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 8.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T16:04:41.138Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-wrcg-4874-45p7)",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/smp46/pingvin-share-x/security/advisories/GHSA-wrcg-4874-45p7"
        },
        {
          "name": "Patch Commit",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/smp46/pingvin-share-x/commit/07aa8c0a96030c439e9018ce94a2778bd37304e6"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/smp46/pingvin-share-x/blob/de7ffecf9bfc4976993149a5c4c98efe35161424/backend/src/oauth/oauth.service.ts#L158-L175"
        },
        {
          "name": "pingvin-share-x v1.22.0 Release Notes",
          "tags": [
            "release-notes"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/smp46/pingvin-share-x/releases/tag/v1.22.0"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/smp46/pingvin-share-x"
        },
        {
          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: Pingvin Share X 0.19.0 before 1.22.0 Account Takeover via OAuth Email Linking",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/pingvin-share-x-0.19.0-before-1.22.0-account-takeover-via-oauth-email-linking"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Pingvin Share X 0.19.0 before 1.22.0 Account Takeover via OAuth Email Linking",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-108157",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-09T16:04:41.138Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-09T15:41:44.132Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T17:14:05.839Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-108108 (GCVE-0-2026-108108)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 14:33 – Updated: 2026-10-14 01:51
VLAI
Title
PHPNuxBill through 2025.3.20 CHAP Authentication Bypass via Password::chap_verify()
Summary
PHPNuxBill through 2025.3.20 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in RADIUS CHAP verification because Password::chap_verify() returns true when the supplied response does not match. Attackers who know a valid customer or PPPoE username can log in through MikroTik hotspot or PPPoE CHAP with any incorrect password to obtain network access and consume that customer's plan.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 01:50 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6373 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
hotspotbilling phpnuxbill Affected: 0 , ≤ 2025.3.20 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-06 00:00
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-108108",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-14T01:50:41.288523Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-14T01:51:06.748Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/hotspotbilling/phpnuxbill/security/advisories/GHSA-6f62-x25v-9686"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "phpnuxbill",
          "vendor": "hotspotbilling",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "2025.3.20",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "kitu232"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "leediay153 from Viettel Post"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-08-06T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "PHPNuxBill through 2025.3.20 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in RADIUS CHAP verification because Password::chap_verify() returns true when the supplied response does not match. Attackers who know a valid customer or PPPoE username can log in through MikroTik hotspot or PPPoE CHAP with any incorrect password to obtain network access and consume that customer\u0027s plan."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "ADJACENT",
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T14:33:31.585Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-6f62-x25v-9686)",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/hotspotbilling/phpnuxbill/security/advisories/GHSA-6f62-x25v-9686"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/hotspotbilling/phpnuxbill/blob/2025.3.13/system/autoload/Password.php#L48"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/hotspotbilling/phpnuxbill"
        },
        {
          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: PHPNuxBill through 2025.3.20 CHAP Authentication Bypass via Password::chap_verify()",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/phpnuxbill-through-2025.3.20-chap-authentication-bypass-via-password-chap-verify"
        }
      ],
      "title": "PHPNuxBill through 2025.3.20 CHAP Authentication Bypass via Password::chap_verify()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-108108",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-09T14:33:31.585Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-09T13:44:40.883Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-14T01:51:06.748Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-107910 (GCVE-0-2026-107910)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 05:08 – Updated: 2026-10-15 16:06
VLAI
Title
Authentication bypass in FalkorDB Bolt endpoint via fail-open AUTH probe error handling
Summary
An improper authentication vulnerability in the is_authenticated function (src/bolt/bolt_api.c) in FalkorDB before 4.20.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute graph queries without credentials through the Bolt endpoint. The function decides whether a password is required by issuing an empty AUTH command to Redis and treats only a WRONGPASS error as meaning that a password is required; any other error, such as LOADING while a dataset is being loaded, MASTERDOWN during replication failover, or OOM under memory pressure, causes the client to be treated as authenticated. Only deployments that enable the Bolt endpoint (BOLT_PORT, disabled by default) are affected.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 16:05 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
securin CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 80/100 over 71 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FalkorDB FalkorDB Affected: 0 , < 4.20.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:falkordb:falkordb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-107910",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-15T16:05:40.330131Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T16:06:12.963Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/FalkorDB/FalkorDB",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:falkordb:falkordb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "modules": [
            "Bolt protocol endpoint"
          ],
          "product": "FalkorDB",
          "programFiles": [
            "src/bolt/bolt_api.c"
          ],
          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "is_authenticated"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/FalkorDB/FalkorDB",
          "vendor": "FalkorDB",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.20.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Arjun Basnet from Securin"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "An improper authentication vulnerability in the is_authenticated function (src/bolt/bolt_api.c) in FalkorDB before 4.20.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute graph queries without credentials through the Bolt endpoint. The function decides whether a password is required by issuing an empty AUTH command to Redis and treats only a WRONGPASS error as meaning that a password is required; any other error, such as LOADING while a dataset is being loaded, MASTERDOWN during replication failover, or OOM under memory pressure, causes the client to be treated as authenticated. Only deployments that enable the Bolt endpoint (BOLT_PORT, disabled by default) are affected."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-115",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-115 Authentication Bypass"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "baseScore": 9.2,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "CWE-287 Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T05:08:13.092Z",
        "orgId": "33c584b5-0579-4c06-b2a0-8d8329fcab9c",
        "shortName": "securin"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "FalkorDB PR #2170",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/FalkorDB/FalkorDB/pull/2170"
        },
        {
          "name": "Fix commit",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/FalkorDB/FalkorDB/commit/0b11a00b34b25c4d4fdfe55f0a35c8a00593bd7d"
        },
        {
          "name": "FalkorDB 4.20.0 release notes",
          "tags": [
            "release-notes"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/FalkorDB/FalkorDB/releases/tag/v4.20.0"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Upgrade FalkorDB to version 4.20.0 or later. Bolt protocol support, including the code affected by this issue, was removed in 4.20.0."
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-06-29T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Reported to FalkorDB"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-06-29T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Vendor acknowledged the report"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-07-08T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Vendor removed Bolt protocol support (PR #2170)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-07-13T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "FalkorDB 4.20.0 released without Bolt support"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Coordinated disclosure period ended"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Authentication bypass in FalkorDB Bolt endpoint via fail-open AUTH probe error handling",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Leave the Bolt endpoint disabled (do not set the BOLT_PORT module configuration; it is disabled by default), or restrict network access to the Bolt port to trusted clients."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "33c584b5-0579-4c06-b2a0-8d8329fcab9c",
    "assignerShortName": "securin",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-107910",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-09T05:08:13.092Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-09T04:54:55.521Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T16:06:12.963Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-107808 (GCVE-0-2026-107808)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 15:11 – Updated: 2026-10-09 17:19
VLAI
Title
Nginx UI: Authentication bypass: password login does not enforce a passkey-only second factor (2FA bypass)
Summary
Nginx UI is a web user interface for the Nginx web server. From 2.0.0 until 2.5.0, POST /api/login checks EnabledOTP but does not require a WebAuthn assertion when EnabledPasskey is true and no TOTP secret is configured. A passkey-only account is therefore issued a session after password verification, despite Enabled2FA reporting that the account has a second factor. An attacker who obtains the password can take over the account and reach administrative functionality without the registered passkey. This issue is fixed in version 2.5.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-09 17:16 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-305 - Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness
  • CWE-308 - Use of Single-factor Authentication
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7771 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
0xJacky nginx-ui Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-107808",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-09T17:16:59.141852Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T17:19:53.438Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/security/advisories/GHSA-45gv-9wjv-xh7p"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "nginx-ui",
          "vendor": "0xJacky",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 2.0.0, \u003c 2.5.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Nginx UI is a web user interface for the Nginx web server. From 2.0.0 until 2.5.0, POST /api/login checks EnabledOTP but does not require a WebAuthn assertion when EnabledPasskey is true and no TOTP secret is configured. A passkey-only account is therefore issued a session after password verification, despite Enabled2FA reporting that the account has a second factor. An attacker who obtains the password can take over the account and reach administrative functionality without the registered passkey. This issue is fixed in version 2.5.0."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 8.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "CWE-287: Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-305",
              "description": "CWE-305: Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-308",
              "description": "CWE-308: Use of Single-factor Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T15:11:44.387Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/security/advisories/GHSA-45gv-9wjv-xh7p",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/security/advisories/GHSA-45gv-9wjv-xh7p"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/commit/95cd21b70814e5d9a48a359aa238aeea1ac97429",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/commit/95cd21b70814e5d9a48a359aa238aeea1ac97429"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/releases/tag/v2.5.0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/releases/tag/v2.5.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-45gv-9wjv-xh7p",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Nginx UI: Authentication bypass: password login does not enforce a passkey-only second factor (2FA bypass)"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-107808",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-09T15:11:44.387Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-08T21:23:59.820Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T17:19:53.438Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-107350 (GCVE-0-2026-107350)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 17:34 – Updated: 2026-10-16 14:18
VLAI
Title
Authentication bypass via second StartupMessage during SCRAM authentication in PgBouncer
Summary
Improper authentication in PgBouncer 1.17.0 through 1.26.0 allows a remote attacker who knows the password of a user listed in auth_file to log in as any other user that authenticates using SCRAM, including PgBouncer admin users and backend superusers. A second StartupMessage sent during SCRAM authentication against a non-existent database is not rejected and switches the user being logged in as, while the SCRAM exchange is still verified against the keys of the first user.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 03:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
PostgreSQL CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 67/100 over 88 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a PgBouncer Affected: 1.17.0 , < 1.26.1 (semver)
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-107350",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-16T03:56:50.467564Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T14:18:50.053Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "PgBouncer",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "1.26.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.17.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "configurations": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The attacker knows the password of a user that has its password stored in auth_file, and SCRAM authentication is used for both that user and the impersonated user (auth_type = scram-sha-256, auth_type = md5 with SCRAM secrets, or matching hba rules). The impersonated user can be loaded from either auth_file or auth_query."
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Thanks to Dave Aitel (@daveaitel-openai, OpenAI) for finding and reporting this issue."
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Improper authentication in PgBouncer 1.17.0 through 1.26.0 allows a remote attacker who knows the password of a user listed in auth_file to log in as any other user that authenticates using SCRAM, including PgBouncer admin users and backend superusers. A second StartupMessage sent during SCRAM authentication against a non-existent database is not rejected and switches the user being logged in as, while the SCRAM exchange is still verified against the keys of the first user."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-14T17:34:39.009Z",
        "orgId": "f86ef6dc-4d3a-42ad-8f28-e6d5547a5007",
        "shortName": "PostgreSQL"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.pgbouncer.org/changelog.html"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Authentication bypass via second StartupMessage during SCRAM authentication in PgBouncer"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "f86ef6dc-4d3a-42ad-8f28-e6d5547a5007",
    "assignerShortName": "PostgreSQL",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-107350",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-14T17:34:39.009Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-07T19:13:32.963Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T14:18:50.053Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-107228 (GCVE-0-2026-107228)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 20:54 – Updated: 2026-10-08 16:08
VLAI
Title
AsyncHttpClient CookieStore Silently Overrides Caller's Explicit Cookie Header via setHeader (Bypass of CVE-2024-53990 Fix)
Summary
The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. From 2.1.0 until 3.0.14, the enabled-by-default cookie store replaces a Cookie header explicitly supplied through setHeader or addHeader whenever the store contributes any cookie for the origin. In a shared client, stored cookies originating from one user can replace a different user's request cookie, causing the request to execute under the wrong session. This bypasses the earlier CVE-2024-53990 remediation, which covered cookies supplied through addCookie but not a directly supplied header. This issue is fixed in version 3.0.14.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 16:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7771 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AsyncHttpClient async-http-client Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.14
Affected: >= 2.1.0, <= 2.16.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-107228",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-08T16:08:01.091769Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-08T16:08:44.837Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "async-http-client",
          "vendor": "AsyncHttpClient",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 3.0.0, \u003c 3.0.14"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 2.1.0, \u003c= 2.16.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. From 2.1.0 until 3.0.14, the enabled-by-default cookie store replaces a Cookie header explicitly supplied through setHeader or addHeader whenever the store contributes any cookie for the origin. In a shared client, stored cookies originating from one user can replace a different user\u0027s request cookie, causing the request to execute under the wrong session. This bypasses the earlier CVE-2024-53990 remediation, which covered cookies supplied through addCookie but not a directly supplied header. This issue is fixed in version 3.0.14."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.8,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "CWE-287: Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T20:57:04.659Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client/security/advisories/GHSA-2jwh-9rmr-j4xf",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client/security/advisories/GHSA-2jwh-9rmr-j4xf"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client/commit/fd9763620725126c1c8bb0af1ceb9a7523099a5f",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client/commit/fd9763620725126c1c8bb0af1ceb9a7523099a5f"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client/releases/tag/async-http-client-project-3.0.14",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client/releases/tag/async-http-client-project-3.0.14"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-2jwh-9rmr-j4xf",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "AsyncHttpClient CookieStore Silently Overrides Caller\u0027s Explicit Cookie Header via setHeader (Bypass of CVE-2024-53990 Fix)"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-107228",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-07T20:54:34.703Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-07T14:34:14.817Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-08T16:08:44.837Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-107180 (GCVE-0-2026-107180)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 12:49 – Updated: 2026-10-07 14:40
VLAI
Title
MISP: Forced TOTP Enrolment Bypassed via Non-Browser Request Types on otp_required Instances
Summary
On MISP instances configured to require TOTP enrolment (Security.otp_required), the enforcement of the mandatory two-factor authentication setup applied only to standard browser requests. An authenticated user who had not yet enrolled in TOTP could bypass the forced setup by issuing any non-browser request type, including AJAX/XHR calls, REST API requests, .json format URLs, restSearch queries, or automation actions. Because these machine-readable request shapes cannot follow the redirect that the browser path uses to send the user to the TOTP enrolment page, the guard simply skipped the check and the user retained full access to the instance without completing the required second-factor setup. The initial fix (commit 8deb0619e) added a guard specifically for AJAX requests. A follow-up fix (commit 6b527ba6e) broadened the guard to cover every non-browser request shape, while preserving the exemption for identities authenticated via API key (logged_by_authkey flag). Impact: an authenticated user on an otp_required instance can operate with full access indefinitely without enrolling in TOTP, nullifying the instance-level two-factor authentication policy. Affected version: <2.5.48
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
Supplier · CIRCL (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 12:45 UTC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 14:40 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Assigner
CIRCL CNA under the ENISA root
CNA scorecard B 90/100 over 236 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MISP MISP Affected: 0 , < 2.5.48 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
GCVE extensions
bcp-05-x-01
AI-assisted vulnerability information annotation
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Whole record AI-generated Human-reviewed GNA-1

Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.

ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
Model Source Identifier
qwen3.8:27b ollama qwen3.8:27b
bcp-05-x-02
Patch-to-vulnerability generation provenance
GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
Generator
patch2vuln.py on 2026-10-07 12:45
Model
qwen3.8:27b
Input
patch set (2 sources) 38ec10c8e322…
Confidence
medium
Commit Subject Patch SHA-256
8deb0619e5ed fix: [login] enforce TOTP enrolment on AJAX requests 9e42ef967102…
6b527ba6e6a3 fix: [login] Refuse every unenrolled session request, not f97d3076e297…
Fix summary

The TOTP enrolment enforcement in the user verification path was extended from covering only standard browser requests to covering all non-browser request types (AJAX, REST, .json, automation). Any request that cannot follow the browser redirect to the TOTP setup page is now refused with a 403 Forbidden response if the user has not enrolled in TOTP and the instance requires it. Identities authenticated via API key remain exempt, as they are not browser sessions subject to the redirect-based enrolment flow.

Patch summary

In app/Controller/AppController.php, the __verifyUser method was modified. Patch 1 added a conditional block after the $isUserRequest definition that checks: the request is not a standard user request, it is an AJAX request, the user has no TOTP configured, Security.otp_required is enabled, the role does not have perm_skip_otp, and the current action is not one of the allowed exceptions (terms, change_pw, logout, login, totp_new). If all conditions are met, a ForbiddenException is thrown. Patch 2 replaced the $this->request->is('ajax') condition with empty($user['logged_by_authkey']), broadening the guard to all non-browser request types while explicitly exempting API-key-authenticated sessions.

CVSS rationale

AV:N - the bypass is achieved over the network via HTTP requests. AC:L - the attack is trivially simple: change the request type (add X-Requested-With header, append .json, use REST endpoint). AT:N - no special target conditions. PR:L - the attacker needs a valid authenticated session (low privilege: any user account). UI:N - no victim interaction beyond the attacker's own request. VC:H - the two-factor authentication requirement is completely bypassed, meaning the confidentiality protection provided by mandatory 2FA is nullified; the user retains full data access without the second factor. VI:N, VA:N - no integrity or availability impact on the MISP component. SC:N, SI:N, SA:N - no impact on subsequent components. The primary impact is the bypass of an authentication control (confidentiality of the 2FA gate).

Weakness rationale
  • CWE-287 The TOTP (two-factor) authentication requirement is not properly enforced across all request types. The authentication gate (forced TOTP enrolment) is bypassed for non-browser requests, allowing a user to operate without completing the required second factor. This is a failure to properly enforce an authentication requirement.
  • CWE-306 The critical function of enforcing TOTP enrolment on otp_required instances is missing for AJAX, REST, .json, and automation request paths. The authentication check is present for browser requests but absent for all other request shapes, constituting a missing authentication control on a critical security function.
Attack pattern rationale
  • CAPEC-128 The access control policy requiring TOTP enrolment is incorrectly scoped to only standard browser requests. An attacker (or the legitimate user) exploits this misconfiguration by issuing requests in a non-browser format (AJAX, REST, .json) that the access control check does not cover. This is the closest CAPEC to the observed bypass of a security control due to incomplete scoping of the enforcement logic. The mapping is approximate because the bypass is of an authentication requirement rather than a traditional authorization rule, but CAPEC-128 best captures the pattern of exploiting an access control that is not uniformly applied.
Assumptions to verify
  • The affected MISP version range is not specified in the patch metadata; the vulnerability is assumed to affect all versions prior to the fix commits (8deb0619e and 6b527ba6e) that contain the otp_required enforcement logic without the non-browser request guard.
  • The CAPEC-128 mapping is approximate; the bypass is of an authentication requirement (forced TOTP enrolment) rather than a traditional authorization rule, but CAPEC-128 is the closest available pattern for exploiting an access control that is not uniformly applied across all request paths.
  • CVSS VC:H assumes that bypassing the mandatory 2FA requirement constitutes a high confidentiality impact on the vulnerability component, as the instance-level security policy (requiring all users to have 2FA) is nullified for the affected user. If the instance's threat model considers 2FA as a defense-in-depth layer rather than a primary control, VC could be rated Lower.
  • The patch evidence does not indicate whether the vulnerability is exploitable by an external unauthenticated attacker; the analysis assumes the attacker is an authenticated user (PR:L) who has not yet enrolled in TOTP.
  • The two commits are treated as a single vulnerability per the patch_set_assumption; the first commit is an incomplete fix and the second is the complete fix.
Model comparison

Selected qwen3.8:27b by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.

Model Score Agreement Confidence Assumptions
qwen3.8:27b 7 11 medium 5
bcp-05-x-03
Vulnerability handling and disclosure timeline
GCVE-BCP-05-X-03
  1. 2026-09-23 07:53 UTC Fix developed Corrective change authored (8deb0619e5ed6b12a1aa94967c68c977eb05398f): fix: [login] enforce TOTP enrolment on AJAX requests https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/8deb0619e.patch
  2. 2026-09-28 11:55 UTC Fix developed Corrective change authored (6b527ba6e6a32aa574aa050eadf36207506dcea2): fix: [login] Refuse every unenrolled session request, not https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/6b527ba6e.patch
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-107180",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-07T14:40:43.846815Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T14:40:54.178Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "modules": [
            "app/Controller/AppController.php (login / user verification / TOTP enforcement)"
          ],
          "product": "MISP",
          "programFiles": [
            "app/Controller/AppController.php"
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
          "vendor": "MISP",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.5.48",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Tanguy Snoeck"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "iglocska"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Claude Opus 4.8"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Claude Opus 5"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eOn MISP instances configured to require TOTP enrolment (Security.otp_required), the enforcement of the mandatory two-factor authentication setup applied only to standard browser requests. An authenticated user who had not yet enrolled in TOTP could bypass the forced setup by issuing any non-browser request type, including AJAX/XHR calls, REST API requests, .json format URLs, restSearch queries, or automation actions. Because these machine-readable request shapes cannot follow the redirect that the browser path uses to send the user to the TOTP enrolment page, the guard simply skipped the check and the user retained full access to the instance without completing the required second-factor setup.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe initial fix (commit 8deb0619e) added a guard specifically for AJAX requests. A follow-up fix (commit 6b527ba6e) broadened the guard to cover every non-browser request shape, while preserving the exemption for identities authenticated via API key (logged_by_authkey flag).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpact: an authenticated user on an otp_required instance can operate with full access indefinitely without enrolling in TOTP, nullifying the instance-level two-factor authentication policy.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected version: \u0026lt;2.5.48\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "On MISP instances configured to require TOTP enrolment (Security.otp_required), the enforcement of the mandatory two-factor authentication setup applied only to standard browser requests. An authenticated user who had not yet enrolled in TOTP could bypass the forced setup by issuing any non-browser request type, including AJAX/XHR calls, REST API requests, .json format URLs, restSearch queries, or automation actions. Because these machine-readable request shapes cannot follow the redirect that the browser path uses to send the user to the TOTP enrolment page, the guard simply skipped the check and the user retained full access to the instance without completing the required second-factor setup.\n\nThe initial fix (commit 8deb0619e) added a guard specifically for AJAX requests. A follow-up fix (commit 6b527ba6e) broadened the guard to cover every non-browser request shape, while preserving the exemption for identities authenticated via API key (logged_by_authkey flag).\n\nImpact: an authenticated user on an otp_required instance can operate with full access indefinitely without enrolling in TOTP, nullifying the instance-level two-factor authentication policy.\n\nAffected version: \u003c2.5.48"
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-128",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-128 Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "format": "SSVC",
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "options": [
                {
                  "Exploitation": "none"
                },
                {
                  "Automatable": "yes"
                },
                {
                  "Technical Impact": "partial"
                }
              ],
              "role": "Supplier",
              "timestamp": "2026-10-07T12:45:57Z",
              "version": "2.0.3"
            },
            "type": "SSVC"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "CWE-287 Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-306",
              "description": "CWE-306 Missing Authentication for Critical Function",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T12:49:40.483Z",
        "orgId": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8",
        "shortName": "CIRCL"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/8deb0619e"
        },
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/6b527ba6e"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe TOTP enrolment enforcement in the user verification path was extended from covering only standard browser requests to covering all non-browser request types (AJAX, REST, .json, automation). Any request that cannot follow the browser redirect to the TOTP setup page is now refused with a 403 Forbidden response if the user has not enrolled in TOTP and the instance requires it. Identities authenticated via API key remain exempt, as they are not browser sessions subject to the redirect-based enrolment flow.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The TOTP enrolment enforcement in the user verification path was extended from covering only standard browser requests to covering all non-browser request types (AJAX, REST, .json, automation). Any request that cannot follow the browser redirect to the TOTP setup page is now refused with a 403 Forbidden response if the user has not enrolled in TOTP and the instance requires it. Identities authenticated via API key remain exempt, as they are not browser sessions subject to the redirect-based enrolment flow."
        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP: Forced TOTP Enrolment Bypassed via Non-Browser Request Types on otp_required Instances",
      "x_gcve": [
        {
          "extensions": {
            "bcp-05-x-01": {
              "ai_annotations": [
                {
                  "ai_level": "generated",
                  "description": "Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.",
                  "gna_source": 1,
                  "models": [
                    {
                      "gna_source": 1,
                      "identifier": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "name": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "source": "ollama"
                    }
                  ],
                  "review_status": "full",
                  "scope": "record",
                  "tags": [
                    "ai-computer-assisted:llm-generated",
                    "ai-computer-assisted:classification"
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            "bcp-05-x-02": {
              "x_patch2vuln": {
                "assumptions": [
                  "The affected MISP version range is not specified in the patch metadata; the vulnerability is assumed to affect all versions prior to the fix commits (8deb0619e and 6b527ba6e) that contain the otp_required enforcement logic without the non-browser request guard.",
                  "The CAPEC-128 mapping is approximate; the bypass is of an authentication requirement (forced TOTP enrolment) rather than a traditional authorization rule, but CAPEC-128 is the closest available pattern for exploiting an access control that is not uniformly applied across all request paths.",
                  "CVSS VC:H assumes that bypassing the mandatory 2FA requirement constitutes a high confidentiality impact on the vulnerability component, as the instance-level security policy (requiring all users to have 2FA) is nullified for the affected user. If the instance\u0027s threat model considers 2FA as a defense-in-depth layer rather than a primary control, VC could be rated Lower.",
                  "The patch evidence does not indicate whether the vulnerability is exploitable by an external unauthenticated attacker; the analysis assumes the attacker is an authenticated user (PR:L) who has not yet enrolled in TOTP.",
                  "The two commits are treated as a single vulnerability per the patch_set_assumption; the first commit is an incomplete fix and the second is the complete fix."
                ],
                "capecRationale": [
                  {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-128",
                    "rationale": "The access control policy requiring TOTP enrolment is incorrectly scoped to only standard browser requests. An attacker (or the legitimate user) exploits this misconfiguration by issuing requests in a non-browser format (AJAX, REST, .json) that the access control check does not cover. This is the closest CAPEC to the observed bypass of a security control due to incomplete scoping of the enforcement logic. The mapping is approximate because the bypass is of an authentication requirement rather than a traditional authorization rule, but CAPEC-128 best captures the pattern of exploiting an access control that is not uniformly applied."
                  }
                ],
                "commit": "6b527ba6e6a32aa574aa050eadf36207506dcea2",
                "confidence": "medium",
                "credits": [
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "reporter",
                    "value": "Tanguy Snoeck of NCIA"
                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "iglocska"
                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "Claude Opus 4.8"
                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "Claude Opus 5"
                  }
                ],
                "cvssRationale": "AV:N - the bypass is achieved over the network via HTTP requests. AC:L - the attack is trivially simple: change the request type (add X-Requested-With header, append .json, use REST endpoint). AT:N - no special target conditions. PR:L - the attacker needs a valid authenticated session (low privilege: any user account). UI:N - no victim interaction beyond the attacker\u0027s own request. VC:H - the two-factor authentication requirement is completely bypassed, meaning the confidentiality protection provided by mandatory 2FA is nullified; the user retains full data access without the second factor. VI:N, VA:N - no integrity or availability impact on the MISP component. SC:N, SI:N, SA:N - no impact on subsequent components. The primary impact is the bypass of an authentication control (confidentiality of the 2FA gate).",
                "fixSummary": "The TOTP enrolment enforcement in the user verification path was extended from covering only standard browser requests to covering all non-browser request types (AJAX, REST, .json, automation). Any request that cannot follow the browser redirect to the TOTP setup page is now refused with a 403 Forbidden response if the user has not enrolled in TOTP and the instance requires it. Identities authenticated via API key remain exempt, as they are not browser sessions subject to the redirect-based enrolment flow.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-10-07T12:45:57.120635Z",
                "generator": "patch2vuln.py",
                "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                "modelComparison": {
                  "rankings": [
                    {
                      "agreementScore": 11,
                      "assumptionCount": 5,
                      "confidence": "medium",
                      "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "score": 7
                    }
                  ],
                  "selectedModel": "qwen3.8:27b",
                  "selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
                  "selectionNotice": "The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required."
                },
                "patchSha256": "38ec10c8e322eb94d2b27a1bcc10f796f3ee2c2b943034c0944cd811a03cbae3",
                "patchSummary": "In app/Controller/AppController.php, the __verifyUser method was modified. Patch 1 added a conditional block after the $isUserRequest definition that checks: the request is not a standard user request, it is an AJAX request, the user has no TOTP configured, Security.otp_required is enabled, the role does not have perm_skip_otp, and the current action is not one of the allowed exceptions (terms, change_pw, logout, login, totp_new). If all conditions are met, a ForbiddenException is thrown. Patch 2 replaced the $this-\u003erequest-\u003eis(\u0027ajax\u0027) condition with empty($user[\u0027logged_by_authkey\u0027]), broadening the guard to all non-browser request types while explicitly exempting API-key-authenticated sessions.",
                "patchTruncated": false,
                "patches": [
                  {
                    "commit": "8deb0619e5ed6b12a1aa94967c68c977eb05398f",
                    "date": "Wed, 23 Sep 2026 09:53:42 +0200",
                    "patchSha256": "9e42ef967102a3d0699101588e40e27539be35259a88cb334c863f5297bd8210",
                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/8deb0619e.patch",
                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/8deb0619e.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [login] enforce TOTP enrolment on AJAX requests"
                  },
                  {
                    "commit": "6b527ba6e6a32aa574aa050eadf36207506dcea2",
                    "date": "Mon, 28 Sep 2026 13:55:35 +0200",
                    "patchSha256": "f97d3076e297ea0bd06c87bc95614730333485eb470be8022b0e400a000f1cbf",
                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/6b527ba6e.patch",
                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/6b527ba6e.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [login] Refuse every unenrolled session request, not"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "patch set (2 sources)",
                "ssvc": {
                  "options": [
                    {
                      "Exploitation": "none"
                    },
                    {
                      "Automatable": "yes"
                    },
                    {
                      "Technical Impact": "partial"
                    }
                  ],
                  "role": "Supplier",
                  "timestamp": "2026-10-07T12:45:57Z",
                  "version": "2.0.3"
                },
                "subject": "fix: [login] Refuse every unenrolled session request, not",
                "weaknessRationale": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-287",
                    "rationale": "The TOTP (two-factor) authentication requirement is not properly enforced across all request types. The authentication gate (forced TOTP enrolment) is bypassed for non-browser requests, allowing a user to operate without completing the required second factor. This is a failure to properly enforce an authentication requirement."
                  },
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-306",
                    "rationale": "The critical function of enforcing TOTP enrolment on otp_required instances is missing for AJAX, REST, .json, and automation request paths. The authentication check is present for browser requests but absent for all other request shapes, constituting a missing authentication control on a critical security function."
                  }
                ]
              }
            },
            "bcp-05-x-03": {
              "x_timeline": {
                "events": [
                  {
                    "description": "Corrective change authored (8deb0619e5ed6b12a1aa94967c68c977eb05398f): fix: [login] enforce TOTP enrolment on AJAX requests",
                    "id": "evt-fix-developed-1",
                    "references": [
                      "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/8deb0619e.patch"
                    ],
                    "timestamp": "2026-09-23T07:53:42Z",
                    "type": "fix-developed"
                  },
                  {
                    "description": "Corrective change authored (6b527ba6e6a32aa574aa050eadf36207506dcea2): fix: [login] Refuse every unenrolled session request, not",
                    "id": "evt-fix-developed-2",
                    "references": [
                      "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/6b527ba6e.patch"
                    ],
                    "timestamp": "2026-09-28T11:55:35Z",
                    "type": "fix-developed"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          },
          "recordType": "advisory",
          "vulnId": "GCVE-1-2026-20116"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8",
    "assignerShortName": "CIRCL",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-107180",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-07T12:49:40.483Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-07T12:49:37.658Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T14:40:54.178Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-107162 (GCVE-0-2026-107162)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 12:48 – Updated: 2026-10-10 02:22 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
Express Gateway through 1.16.11 OAuth 2.0 Refresh Token Validation Bypass
Summary
Express Gateway through 1.16.11 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in the OAuth 2.0 refresh_token grant that fails to validate the token secret or issuing client. Attackers with any valid client credentials and the identifier portion of another user's refresh token can obtain that user's access token and impersonate them against oauth2-protected APIs.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-10 02:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6373 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ExpressGateway express-gateway Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.16.11 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:express-gateway:express-gateway_docker_image:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-04 00:00
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-107162",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-10T02:21:52.810691Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-10T02:22:18.863Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/ExpressGateway/express-gateway/issues/1076"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageURL": "pkg:npm/express-gateway",
          "product": "express-gateway",
          "vendor": "ExpressGateway",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "1.16.11",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:express-gateway:express-gateway_docker_image:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndIncluding": "1.16.11",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "MD Mahmidul Hasan"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Express Gateway through 1.16.11 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in the OAuth 2.0 refresh_token grant that fails to validate the token secret or issuing client. Attackers with any valid client credentials and the identifier portion of another user\u0027s refresh token can obtain that user\u0027s access token and impersonate them against oauth2-protected APIs."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 7.6,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.8,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T12:48:18.499Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub Issue #1076",
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ExpressGateway/express-gateway/issues/1076"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ExpressGateway/express-gateway"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ExpressGateway/express-gateway/blob/45612814d12f65889ef3bdf80b2ed7ab9b557736/lib/policies/oauth2/oauth2-server.js#L221-L247"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ExpressGateway/express-gateway/blob/45612814d12f65889ef3bdf80b2ed7ab9b557736/lib/services/tokens/token.service.js#L100-L136"
        },
        {
          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: Express Gateway through 1.16.11 OAuth 2.0 Refresh Token Validation Bypass",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/express-gateway-through-1.16.11-oauth-2.0-refresh-token-validation-bypass"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "unsupported-when-assigned"
      ],
      "title": "Express Gateway through 1.16.11 OAuth 2.0 Refresh Token Validation Bypass",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-107162",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-07T12:48:18.499Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-07T11:02:13.828Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-10T02:22:18.863Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.