Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

6375 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-32246 (GCVE-0-2026-32246)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-12 18:59 – Updated: 2026-03-12 20:46
VLAI
Title
Tinyauth vulnerable to TOTP/2FA bypass via OIDC authorize endpoint
Summary
Tinyauth is an authentication and authorization server. Prior to 5.0.3, the OIDC authorization endpoint allows users with a TOTP-pending session (password verified, TOTP not yet completed) to obtain authorization codes. An attacker who knows a user's password but not their TOTP secret can obtain valid OIDC tokens, completely bypassing the second factor. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.0.3.
Severity
8.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-12 20:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
steveiliop56 tinyauth Affected: < 5.0.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-32174 (GCVE-0-2026-32174)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-18 21:39 – Updated: 2026-08-25 22:42 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
Title
Azure Bot Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Improper authentication in Azure Bot Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-23 13:25 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Azure AI Bot Service Affected: -
    cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:azure_ai_bot_service:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-18 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-32173 (GCVE-0-2026-32173)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-02 23:27 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:31 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
Title
Azure SRE Agent Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Improper authentication in Azure SRE Agent allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-03 13:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Azure SRE Agent Gateway - SignalR Hub Affected: -
    cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:azure_sre_agent_gateway_signalR_hub:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-02 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-32136 (GCVE-0-2026-32136)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-11 21:42 – Updated: 2026-03-12 16:17
VLAI
Title
AdGuard Home: HTTP/2 Cleartext (h2c) Upgrade Authentication Bypass
Summary
AdGuard Home is a network-wide software for blocking ads and tracking. Prior to 0.107.73, an unauthenticated remote attacker can bypass all authentication in AdGuardHome by sending an HTTP/1.1 request that requests an upgrade to HTTP/2 cleartext (h2c). Once the upgrade is accepted, the resulting HTTP/2 connection is handled by the inner mux, which has no authentication middleware attached. All subsequent HTTP/2 requests on that connection are processed as fully authenticated, regardless of whether any credentials were provided. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.107.73.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-12 15:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AdguardTeam AdGuardHome Affected: < 0.107.73
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-32072 (GCVE-0-2026-32072)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 16:58 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:31
VLAI
Title
Active Directory Spoofing Vulnerability
Summary
Improper authentication in Windows Active Directory allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing locally.
Severity
6.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-14 19:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9060 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8644 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7184 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7184 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6936 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6936 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8246 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8246 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.1836 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9060 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9060 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8644 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8644 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5020 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2274 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32690 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32690 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-14 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-31946 (GCVE-0-2026-31946)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-30 20:31 – Updated: 2026-03-31 14:08
VLAI
Title
OpenOLAT: Authentication bypass via forged JWT in OIDC implicit flow
Summary
OpenOlat is an open source web-based e-learning platform for teaching, learning, assessment and communication. From version 10.5.4 to before version 20.2.5, OpenOLAT's OpenID Connect implicit flow implementation does not verify JWT signatures. The JSONWebToken.parse() method silently discards the signature segment of the compact JWT (header.payload.signature), and the getAccessToken() methods in both OpenIdConnectApi and OpenIdConnectFullConfigurableApi only validate claim-level fields (issuer, audience, state, nonce) without any cryptographic signature verification against the Identity Provider's JWKS endpoint. This issue has been patched in version 20.2.5.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-31 14:07 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenOLAT OpenOLAT Affected: >= 10.5.4, < 20.2.5
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-31387 (GCVE-0-2026-31387)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-19 09:27 – Updated: 2026-05-19 18:37
VLAI
Title
Apache OFBiz: Cookie Manipulation Allows Authenticated JWT Forgery and Account Impersonation
Summary
Improper Authentication vulnerability in Apache OFBiz. This issue affects Apache OFBiz: before 24.09.06. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 24.09.06, which fixes the issue.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-19 14:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache OFBiz Affected: 0 , < 24.09.06 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Sho Odagiri of GMO Cybersecurity by Ierae, Inc.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-30967 (GCVE-0-2026-30967)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-10 20:46 – Updated: 2026-03-11 15:24
VLAI
Title
Parse Server OAuth2 authentication adapter account takeover via identity spoofing
Summary
Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to 9.5.2-alpha.9. and 8.6.22, the OAuth2 authentication adapter, when configured without the useridField option, only verifies that a token is active via the provider's token introspection endpoint, but does not verify that the token belongs to the user identified by authData.id. An attacker with any valid OAuth2 token from the same provider can authenticate as any other user. This affects any Parse Server deployment that uses the generic OAuth2 authentication adapter (configured with oauth2: true) without setting the useridField option. This vulnerability is fixed in 9.5.2-alpha.9. and 8.6.22.
Severity
7.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-11 15:24 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
parse-community parse-server Affected: >= 9.0.0 < 9.5.2-alpha.9
Affected: < 8.6.22
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-30949 (GCVE-0-2026-30949)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-10 20:20 – Updated: 2026-03-10 20:40
VLAI
Title
Parse Server is missing audience validation in Keycloak authentication adapter
Summary
Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to 9.5.2-alpha.5 and 8.6.18, the Keycloak authentication adapter does not validate the azp (authorized party) claim of Keycloak access tokens against the configured client-id. A valid access token issued by the same Keycloak realm for a different client application can be used to authenticate as any user on the Parse Server that uses the Keycloak adapter. This enables cross-application account takeover in multi-client Keycloak realms. All Parse Server deployments that use the Keycloak authentication adapter with a Keycloak realm that has multiple client applications are affected. This vulnerability is fixed in 9.5.2-alpha.5 and 8.6.18.
Severity
7.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-10 20:40 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
parse-community parse-server Affected: >= 9.0.0 < 9.5.2-alpha.5
Affected: < 8.6.18
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-30863 (GCVE-0-2026-30863)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-07 16:18 – Updated: 2026-03-09 18:25
VLAI
Title
Parse Server: JWT audience validation bypass in Google, Apple, and Facebook authentication adapters
Summary
Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to versions 8.6.10 and 9.5.0-alpha.11, the Google, Apple, and Facebook authentication adapters use JWT verification to validate identity tokens. When the adapter's audience configuration option is not set (clientId for Google/Apple, appIds for Facebook), JWT verification silently skips audience claim validation. This allows an attacker to use a validly signed JWT issued for a different application to authenticate as any user on the target Parse Server. This issue has been patched in versions 8.6.10 and 9.5.0-alpha.11.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-09 16:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
parse-community parse-server Affected: < 8.6.10
Affected: < 9.5.0-alpha.11
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.

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