Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

6040 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-5QWH-5J36-WH9W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-10 12:31 – Updated: 2024-10-10 12:31
VLAI
Details

Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.7-p2, 2.4.6-p7, 2.4.5-p9, 2.4.4-p10 and earlier are affected by an Improper Authentication vulnerability that could result in privilege escalation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access or elevated privileges within the application. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-45115"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-10T10:15:03Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.7-p2, 2.4.6-p7, 2.4.5-p9, 2.4.4-p10 and earlier are affected by an Improper Authentication vulnerability that could result in privilege escalation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access or elevated privileges within the application. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.",
  "id": "GHSA-5qwh-5j36-wh9w",
  "modified": "2024-10-10T12:31:12Z",
  "published": "2024-10-10T12:31:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45115"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento/apsb24-73.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5R22-JH36-PJ45

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:29 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:29
VLAI
Details

Unspecified vulnerability in the management EJB (MEJB) in Apache Geronimo before 2.0.2 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and obtain "access to Geronimo internals" via unspecified vectors.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2007-5085"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2007-09-26T10:17:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Unspecified vulnerability in the management EJB (MEJB) in Apache Geronimo before 2.0.2 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and obtain \"access to Geronimo internals\" via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-5r22-jh36-pj45",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T18:29:51Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T18:29:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5085"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/GERONIMO-3456"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://geronimo.apache.org/2007/09/07/mejb-security-alert.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/38661"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/26906"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/27464"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www-1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21271586"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/25804"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1018877"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-5R3C-CQ8H-C6GX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:31
VLAI
Details

The Profile Builder – User Profile & User Registration Forms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized password resets in versions up to, and including 3.9.0. This is due to the plugin using native password reset functionality, with insufficient validation on the password reset function (wppb_front_end_password_recovery). The function uses the plaintext value of a password reset key instead of a hashed value which means it can easily be retrieved and subsequently used. An attacker can leverage CVE-2023-0814, or another vulnerability like SQL Injection in another plugin or theme installed on the site to successfully exploit this vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-2297"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-620"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-27T00:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Profile Builder \u2013 User Profile \u0026 User Registration Forms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized password resets  in versions up to, and including 3.9.0. This is due to the plugin using native password reset functionality, with insufficient validation on the password reset function (wppb_front_end_password_recovery). The function uses the plaintext value of a password reset key instead of a hashed value which means it can easily be retrieved and subsequently used. An attacker can leverage CVE-2023-0814, or another vulnerability like SQL Injection in another plugin or theme installed on the site to successfully exploit this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-5r3c-cq8h-c6gx",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T21:31:49Z",
  "published": "2023-07-06T19:24:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2297"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lana.codes/lanavdb/512e7307-04a5-4d8b-8f79-f75f37784a9f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2864329%40profile-builder\u0026new=2864329%40profile-builder\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2023/03/vulnerability-patched-in-cozmolabs-profile-builder-plugin-information-disclosure-leads-to-account-takeover"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/e731292a-4f95-46eb-889e-b00d58f3444e?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5R3P-6RJ5-7937

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-02 17:32 – Updated: 2026-03-02 17:32
VLAI
Summary
Bytebase vulnerable to Improper Authentication
Details

Impact

  • GitLab login allows login by any user.
  • JWT auth token can be derived as long as the server isn't rebooted.
  • Developers can assign issues to non-admin/DBA users.
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.0.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/bytebase/bytebase"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-02T17:32:24Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n- GitLab login allows login by any user.\n- JWT auth token can be derived as long as the server isn\u0027t rebooted.\n- Developers can assign issues to non-admin/DBA users.",
  "id": "GHSA-5r3p-6rj5-7937",
  "modified": "2026-03-02T17:32:24Z",
  "published": "2026-03-02T17:32:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bytebase/bytebase/security/advisories/GHSA-5r3p-6rj5-7937"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bytebase/bytebase/commit/a578ed58e478ba5c2dadf8d538ec5c3d39c28461"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/bytebase/bytebase"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Bytebase vulnerable to Improper Authentication"
}

GHSA-5R65-89WP-6MXR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-06 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-12 18:30
VLAI
Details

wolfSSH’s key exchange state machine can be manipulated to leak the client’s password in the clear, trick the client to send a bogus signature, or trick the client into skipping user authentication. This affects client applications with wolfSSH version 1.4.21 and earlier. Users of wolfSSH must update or apply the fix patch and it’s recommended to update credentials used. This fix is also recommended for wolfSSH server applications. While there aren’t any specific attacks on server applications, the same defect is present. Thanks to Aina Toky Rasoamanana of Valeo and Olivier Levillain of Telecom SudParis for the report.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-14942"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-06T18:15:42Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "wolfSSH\u2019s key exchange state machine can be manipulated to leak the client\u2019s password in the clear, trick the client to send a bogus signature, or trick the client into skipping user authentication. This affects client applications with wolfSSH version 1.4.21 and earlier. Users of wolfSSH must update or apply the fix patch and it\u2019s recommended to update credentials used. This fix is also recommended for wolfSSH server applications. While there aren\u2019t any specific attacks on server applications, the same defect is present. Thanks to Aina Toky Rasoamanana of Valeo and Olivier Levillain of Telecom SudParis for the report.",
  "id": "GHSA-5r65-89wp-6mxr",
  "modified": "2026-01-12T18:30:24Z",
  "published": "2026-01-06T18:31:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14942"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssh/pull/855"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Red",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5RGC-2F8V-P8GJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-11 09:30 – Updated: 2025-08-11 09:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been found in WinterChenS my-site up to 1f7525f15934d9d6a278de967f6ec9f1757738d8. This vulnerability affects the function preHandle of the file /admin/ of the component Backend Interface. The manipulation of the argument uri leads to improper authentication. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The real existence of this vulnerability is still doubted at the moment. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The code maintainer responded to the issue that "[he] tried it, and using this link automatically redirects to the login page."

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-8838"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-11T09:15:30Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been found in WinterChenS my-site up to 1f7525f15934d9d6a278de967f6ec9f1757738d8. This vulnerability affects the function preHandle of the file /admin/ of the component Backend Interface. The manipulation of the argument uri leads to improper authentication. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The real existence of this vulnerability is still doubted at the moment. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The code maintainer responded to the issue that \"[he] tried it, and using this link automatically redirects to the login page.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-5rgc-2f8v-p8gj",
  "modified": "2025-08-11T09:30:37Z",
  "published": "2025-08-11T09:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8838"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/WinterChenS/my-site/issues/97"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/WinterChenS/my-site/issues/97#issuecomment-2986947791"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/WinterChenS/my-site/issues/97#issuecomment-2987091571"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.319372"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.319372"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.622421"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5RM5-MX9G-M6G4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:56 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:56
VLAI
Details

The m_authenticate function in ircd/m_authenticate.c in nefarious2 allows remote attackers to spoof certificate fingerprints and consequently log in as another user via a crafted AUTHENTICATE parameter.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-7145"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-03-07T15:59:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The m_authenticate function in ircd/m_authenticate.c in nefarious2 allows remote attackers to spoof certificate fingerprints and consequently log in as another user via a crafted AUTHENTICATE parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-5rm5-mx9g-m6g4",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:56:18Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:56:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-7145"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/evilnet/nefarious2/commit/f50a84bad996d438e7b31b9e74c32a41e43f8be5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/09/05/9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5RMG-HJ9W-VG6V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-01 21:30 – Updated: 2022-12-06 18:30
VLAI
Details

IBM WebSphere Automation for IBM Cloud Pak for Watson AIOps 1.4.2 could provide a weaker than expected security. A local attacker can create an outbound network connection to another system. IBM X-Force ID: 240827.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-43900"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-01T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM WebSphere Automation for IBM Cloud Pak for Watson AIOps 1.4.2 could provide a weaker than expected security. A local attacker can create an outbound network connection to another system. IBM X-Force ID: 240827.",
  "id": "GHSA-5rmg-hj9w-vg6v",
  "modified": "2022-12-06T18:30:18Z",
  "published": "2022-12-01T21:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43900"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/240827"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6842605"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5RQ6-9C5Q-W896

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:52 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:28
VLAI
Details

cPanel before 55.9999.141 allows arbitrary file-read operations during authentication with caldav (SEC-108).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-10836"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-08-01T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "cPanel before 55.9999.141 allows arbitrary file-read operations during authentication with caldav (SEC-108).",
  "id": "GHSA-5rq6-9c5q-w896",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:28:09Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:52:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10836"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://documentation.cpanel.net/display/CL/56+Change+Log"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5V7M-MX75-9J7G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-21 18:30 – Updated: 2022-12-28 21:30
VLAI
Details

Authentication bypass in local application lock feature in Devolutions Remote Desktop Manager 2022.3.26 and earlier on Windows allows malicious user to access the application.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-4287"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-21T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Authentication bypass in local application lock feature in Devolutions Remote Desktop Manager 2022.3.26 and earlier on Windows allows malicious user to access the application.",
  "id": "GHSA-5v7m-mx75-9j7g",
  "modified": "2022-12-28T21:30:22Z",
  "published": "2022-12-21T18:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4287"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://devolutions.net/security/advisories/DEVO-2022-0011"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.