Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

6374 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-40910 (GCVE-0-2026-40910)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-21 20:09 – Updated: 2026-04-21 20:28
VLAI
Title
frp: Authentication bypass in frp HTTP vhost routing when routeByHTTPUser is used for access control
Summary
frp is a fast reverse proxy. From 0.43.0 to 0.68.0, frp contains an authentication bypass in the HTTP vhost routing path when routeByHTTPUser is used as part of access control. In proxy-style requests, the routing logic uses the username from Proxy-Authorization to select the routeByHTTPUser backend, while the access control check uses credentials from the regular Authorization header. As a result, an attacker who can reach the HTTP vhost entrypoint and knows or can guess the protected routeByHTTPUser value may access a backend protected by httpUser / httpPassword even with an incorrect Proxy-Authorization password. This issue affects deployments that explicitly use routeByHTTPUser. It does not affect ordinary HTTP proxies that do not use this feature. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.68.1.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-21 20:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
fatedier frp Affected: < 0.68.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-40344 (GCVE-0-2026-40344)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 00:49 – Updated: 2026-04-22 18:10
VLAI
Title
MinIO has an Unauthenticated Object Write via Missing Signature Verification in Unsigned-Trailer Uploads
Summary
MinIO is a high-performance object storage system. Starting in RELEASE.2023-05-18T00-05-36Z and prior to RELEASE.2026-04-11T03-20-12Z, an authentication bypass vulnerability in MinIO's Snowball auto-extract handler (`PutObjectExtractHandler`) allows any user who knows a valid access key to write arbitrary objects to any bucket without knowing the secret key or providing a valid cryptographic signature. Any MinIO deployment is impacted. The attack requires only a valid access key (the well-known default `minioadmin`, or any key with WRITE permission on a bucket) and a target bucket name. When `authTypeStreamingUnsignedTrailer` support was added, the new auth type was handled in `PutObjectHandler` and `PutObjectPartHandler` but was never added to `PutObjectExtractHandler`. The snowball auto-extract handler's `switch rAuthType` block has no case for `authTypeStreamingUnsignedTrailer`, so execution falls through with zero signature verification. The `isPutActionAllowed` call before the switch extracts the access key and checks IAM permissions, but does not verify the cryptographic signature. An attacker sends a PUT request with `X-Amz-Content-Sha256: STREAMING-UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD-TRAILER`, `X-Amz-Meta-Snowball-Auto-Extract: true`, and an `Authorization` header containing a valid access key with a completely fabricated signature. The request is accepted and the tar payload is extracted into the bucket. Users of the open-source minio/minio project should upgrade to MinIO AIStor RELEASE.2026-04-11T03-20-12Z or later. If upgrading is not immediately possible, block unsigned-trailer requests at the load balancer. Reject any request containing X-Amz-Content-Sha256: STREAMING-UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD-TRAILER at the reverse proxy or WAF layer. Clients can use STREAMING-AWS4-HMAC-SHA256-PAYLOAD-TRAILER (the signed variant) instead. Alternatively, restrict WRITE permissions. Limit s3:PutObject grants to trusted principals. While this reduces the attack surface, it does not eliminate the vulnerability since any user with WRITE permission can exploit it with only their access key.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-22 17:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
minio minio Affected: >= RELEASE.2023-05-18T00-05-36Z, < RELEASE.2026-04-11T03-20-12Z
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-40205 (GCVE-0-2026-40205)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 10:12 – Updated: 2026-08-28 14:56
VLAI
Summary
An attacker that holds an OAuth2 token granting only part of the required scopes can authenticate, because when more than one scope is required in the configuration, the remote token validation paths accept a token that carries only one of them, while the local token validation path correctly requires all of them. The configured authorization policy is not enforced, so a token that was granted only part of the required permissions is accepted where it should have been rejected. Use local token validation where tokens can be validated locally. Update to non-vulnerable version. No publicly available exploits are known.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-28 14:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Open-Xchange GmbH OX Dovecot Pro Affected: 2.3.11.2 , < 2.3.22.2 (semver)
Affected: 3.0.0 , < 3.0.7 (semver)
Affected: 3.1.0 , < 3.1.6 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Open-Xchange GmbH OX Dovecot CE Affected: 2.3.11.2 , < 2.4.5 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-40178 (GCVE-0-2026-40178)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-10 19:30 – Updated: 2026-04-14 03:55
VLAI
Title
ajenti.plugin.core has a race conditions in 2FA
Summary
ajenti.plugin.core defines all necessary core elements to allow Ajenti to run properly. Prior to 0.112, if the 2FA was activated, it was possible during a short moment after the authentication of an user to bypass its authentication. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.112.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-13 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ajenti ajenti Affected: < 0.112
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-40177 (GCVE-0-2026-40177)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-10 19:29 – Updated: 2026-04-14 13:26
VLAI
Title
Password bypass when 2FA is activated
Summary
ajenti.plugin.core defines all necessary core elements to allow Ajenti to run properly. Prior to 0.112, if the 2FA was activated, it was possible to bypass the password authentication This vulnerability is fixed in 0.112.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-14 03:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ajenti ajenti Affected: < 0.112
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-40165 (GCVE-0-2026-40165)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-20 23:35 – Updated: 2026-05-21 14:13
VLAI
Title
authentik: SAML NameID XML Comment Injection Enables Authentication Bypass via Identifier Truncation
Summary
authentik is an open-source identity provider. Versions 2025.12.4 and prior, and versions 2026.2.0-rc1 through 2026.2.2 were vulnerable to Authentication Bypass through SAML NameID XML Comment Injection. Due to how authentik extracted the NameID value from a SAML assertion, it was possible for an attacker to trick authentik into only seeing a part of the NameID value, potentially allowing an attacker to gain access to other accounts. This issue could be exploited on an authentik instance with a SAML Source, where the attacker had an account on the SAML Source and the ability to modify their NameID value (commonly username or E-mail), and XML Signing was enabled. The attacker could modify the SAML assertion given to authentik by injecting a comment within the NameID value, which effectively truncated the NameID value to the snippet before the comment, and gave the attacker access to any user account. This issue has been fixed in versions 2025.12.5 and 2026.2.3.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-21 14:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-91 - XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection)
  • CWE-436 - Interpretation Conflict
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
goauthentik authentik Affected: < 2025.12.5
Affected: >= 2026.2.0-rc1, < 2026.2.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-40139 (GCVE-0-2026-40139)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-06 16:13 – Updated: 2026-07-07 15:00
VLAI
Title
Critical Pre-Authentication Vulnerability in BeyondTrust Remote Support and Privileged Remote Access
Summary
A critical pre-authentication vulnerability exists in the authentication subsystem of BeyondTrust Remote Support. Improper processing of authentication requests may allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass access controls and gain unauthorized access to the appliance, including accounts with elevated privileges. Exploitation requires a specific authentication configuration to be enabled.
Severity
9.2 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-40138 (GCVE-0-2026-40138)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-06 16:12 – Updated: 2026-07-07 14:59
VLAI
Title
Critical Pre-Authentication Vulnerability in BeyondTrust Remote Support and Privileged Remote Access
Summary
A critical pre-authentication vulnerability exists in the authentication subsystem of BeyondTrust Remote Support and Privileged Remote Access. Improper validation of authentication data may allow a network-positioned attacker to bypass access controls and gain unauthorized access to the appliance, including accounts with elevated privileges. Exploitation requires a specific authentication configuration to be enabled
Severity
9.2 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-40109 (GCVE-0-2026-40109)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 21:06 – Updated: 2026-04-14 15:02
VLAI
Title
Flux notification-controller GCR Receiver missing email validation allows unauthorized reconciliation triggering
Summary
Flux notification-controller is the event forwarder and notification dispatcher for the GitOps Toolkit controllers. Prior to 1.8.3, the gcr Receiver type in Flux notification-controller does not validate the email claim of Google OIDC tokens used for Pub/Sub push authentication. This allows any valid Google-issued token, to authenticate against the Receiver webhook endpoint, triggering unauthorized Flux reconciliations. Exploitation requires the attacker to know the Receiver's webhook URL. The webhook path is generated as /hook/sha256sum(token+name+namespace), where the token is a random string stored in a Kubernetes Secret. There is no API or endpoint that enumerates webhook URLs. An attacker cannot discover the path without either having access to the cluster and permissions to read the Receiver's .status.webhookPath in the target namespace, or obtaining the URL through other means (e.g. leaked secrets or access to Pub/Sub config). Upon successful authentication, the controller triggers a reconciliation for all resources listed in the Receiver's .spec.resources. However, the practical impact is limited: Flux reconciliation is idempotent, so if the desired state in the configured sources (Git, OCI, Helm) has not changed, the reconciliation results in a no-op with no effect on cluster state. Additionally, Flux controllers deduplicate reconciliation requests, sending many requests in a short period results in only a single reconciliation being processed. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.8.3.
Severity
3.1 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-13 20:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-39976 (GCVE-0-2026-39976)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 16:50 – Updated: 2026-04-09 19:31
VLAI
Title
Laravel Passport's TokenGuard Authenticates Unrelated User for Client Credentials Tokens
Summary
Laravel Passport provides OAuth2 server support to Laravel. From 13.0.0 to before 13.7.1, there is an Authentication Bypass for client_credentials tokens. the league/oauth2-server library sets the JWT sub claim to the client identifier (since there's no user). The token guard then passes this value to retrieveById() without validating it's actually a user identifier, potentially resolving an unrelated real user. Any machine-to-machine token can inadvertently authenticate as an actual user. This vulnerability is fixed in 13.7.1.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-09 17:38 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
laravel passport Affected: >= 13.0.0, < 13.7.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.

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