CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
6040 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-585G-F852-V6P4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-22 00:30 – Updated: 2025-04-02 15:30An issue was discovered in ownCloud owncloud/core before 10.13.1. An attacker can access, modify, or delete any file without authentication if the username of a victim is known, and the victim has no signing-key configured. This occurs because pre-signed URLs can be accepted even when no signing-key is configured for the owner of the files. The earliest affected version is 10.6.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49105"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-21T22:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in ownCloud owncloud/core before 10.13.1. An attacker can access, modify, or delete any file without authentication if the username of a victim is known, and the victim has no signing-key configured. This occurs because pre-signed URLs can be accepted even when no signing-key is configured for the owner of the files. The earliest affected version is 10.6.0.",
"id": "GHSA-585g-f852-v6p4",
"modified": "2025-04-02T15:30:45Z",
"published": "2023-11-22T00:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49105"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://owncloud.com/security-advisories/webdav-api-authentication-bypass-using-pre-signed-urls"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://owncloud.org/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-586H-8Q3M-F5HH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:51 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:51D-Link DNS-320L firmware before 1.04b12, DNS-327L before 1.03b04 Build0119, DNR-326 1.40b03, DNS-320B 1.02b01, DNS-345 1.03b06, DNS-325 1.05b03, and DNS-322L 2.00b07 allow remote attackers to bypass authentication and log in with administrator permissions by passing the cgi_set_wto command in the cmd parameter, and setting the spawned session's cookie to username=admin.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-7857"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-25T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link DNS-320L firmware before 1.04b12, DNS-327L before 1.03b04 Build0119, DNR-326 1.40b03, DNS-320B 1.02b01, DNS-345 1.03b06, DNS-325 1.05b03, and DNS-322L 2.00b07 allow remote attackers to bypass authentication and log in with administrator permissions by passing the cgi_set_wto command in the cmd parameter, and setting the spawned session\u0027s cookie to username=admin.",
"id": "GHSA-586h-8q3m-f5hh",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:51:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:51:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-7857"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/132075/D-Link-Bypass-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/May/125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.search-lab.hu/media/D-Link_Security_advisory_3_0_public.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/535626/100/200/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/74880"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5895-8H7C-2833
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-05-20 18:31MISP’s OIDC authentication plugin allowed automatic linking of an OIDC identity to an existing local user account based on the email claim when the local account had no stored sub value. Under insecure or untrusted IdP configurations where email ownership is not enforced, an attacker with a valid OIDC token could assert a victim’s email address and authenticate as that user, leading to account takeover.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9084"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-20T16:16:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "MISP\u2019s OIDC authentication plugin allowed automatic linking of an OIDC identity to an existing local user account based on the email claim when the local account had no stored sub value. Under insecure or untrusted IdP configurations where email ownership is not enforced, an attacker with a valid OIDC token could assert a victim\u2019s email address and authenticate as that user, leading to account takeover.",
"id": "GHSA-5895-8h7c-2833",
"modified": "2026-05-20T18:31:35Z",
"published": "2026-05-20T18:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9084"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/71f5662c1b5886613d2cd5c72fd93bb4ca6fa172"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-58FF-HVRC-GP86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:54 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:54The Staging Webservice ("sitecore modules/staging/service/api.asmx") in Sitecore Staging Module 5.4.0 rev.080625 and earlier allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and (1) upload files, (2) download files, (3) list directories, and (4) clear the server cache via crafted SOAP requests with arbitrary Username and Password values, possibly related to a direct request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-4367"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-12-21T16:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Staging Webservice (\"sitecore modules/staging/service/api.asmx\") in Sitecore Staging Module 5.4.0 rev.080625 and earlier allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and (1) upload files, (2) download files, (3) list directories, and (4) clear the server cache via crafted SOAP requests with arbitrary Username and Password values, possibly related to a direct request.",
"id": "GHSA-58ff-hvrc-gp86",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:54:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:54:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-4367"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/54881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sec-consult.com/files/20091217-0_sitecore_StagingModule_1.0.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/61147"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/37763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/10513"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/508529/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/37388"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-58HV-2VJM-27H5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:31 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:31Opera, possibly before 9.25, uses the HTTP Host header to determine the context of a document provided in a (1) 4xx or (2) 5xx CONNECT response from a proxy server, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to execute arbitrary web script by modifying this CONNECT response, aka an "SSL tampering" attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-2059"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-06-15T19:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Opera, possibly before 9.25, uses the HTTP Host header to determine the context of a document provided in a (1) 4xx or (2) 5xx CONNECT response from a proxy server, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to execute arbitrary web script by modifying this CONNECT response, aka an \"SSL tampering\" attack.",
"id": "GHSA-58hv-2vjm-27h5",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:31:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-2059"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=79323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/79323/pbp-final-with-update.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-58JC-HVG4-PXXM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:34 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:34A flaw was found in the way ceph mon handles user requests. Any authenticated ceph user having read access to ceph can delete, create ceph storage pools and corrupt snapshot images. Ceph branches master, mimic, luminous and jewel are believed to be affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-10861"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-10T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the way ceph mon handles user requests. Any authenticated ceph user having read access to ceph can delete, create ceph storage pools and corrupt snapshot images. Ceph branches master, mimic, luminous and jewel are believed to be affected.",
"id": "GHSA-58jc-hvg4-pxxm",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:34:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:34:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10861"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ceph/ceph/commit/975528f632f73fbffa3f1fee304e3bbe3296cffc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2177"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2179"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2261"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2274"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1593308"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4339"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-04/msg00100.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/24838"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104742"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-58PV-HG46-37R9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-20 18:31capacitor-native-biometric before 12.128.2 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability where the onAuthenticationSucceeded() method fails to validate CryptoObject parameters. Attackers can hook the onAuthenticationSucceeded() function using dynamic instrumentation to bypass biometric authentication without valid credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-56294"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-20T16:17:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "capacitor-native-biometric before 12.128.2 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability where the onAuthenticationSucceeded() method fails to validate CryptoObject parameters. Attackers can hook the onAuthenticationSucceeded() function using dynamic instrumentation to bypass biometric authentication without valid credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-58pv-hg46-37r9",
"modified": "2026-06-20T18:31:29Z",
"published": "2026-06-20T18:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cap-go/capgo/security/advisories/GHSA-vx5f-vmr6-32wf"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/capacitor-native-biometric-authentication-bypass-via-unvalidated-cryptoobject-in-onauthenticationsucceeded"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-58R4-H6V8-JCVM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-11-03 02:31 – Updated: 2023-05-16 16:04Overview
Versions after and including 2.3.0 are improperly validating the JWT token signature when using the JWTValidator.verify method. Improper validation of the JWT token signature when not using the default Authorization Code Flow can allow an attacker to bypass authentication and authorization.
Am I affected?
You are affected by this vulnerability if all of the following conditions apply:
- You are using
omniauth-auth0. - You are using
JWTValidator.verifymethod directly OR you are not authenticating using the SDK’s default Authorization Code Flow.
How to fix that?
Upgrade to version 2.4.1.
Will this update impact my users?
The fix provided in this version will not affect your users.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "omniauth-auth0"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-347"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-10-27T19:10:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-21T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Overview\nVersions after and including `2.3.0` are improperly validating the JWT token signature when using the `JWTValidator.verify` method. Improper validation of the JWT token signature when not using the default Authorization Code Flow can allow an attacker to bypass authentication and authorization.\n\n### Am I affected?\nYou are affected by this vulnerability if all of the following conditions apply:\n\n- You are using `omniauth-auth0`.\n- You are using `JWTValidator.verify` method directly OR you are not authenticating using the SDK\u2019s default Authorization Code Flow.\n\n### How to fix that?\nUpgrade to version `2.4.1`.\n\n### Will this update impact my users?\nThe fix provided in this version will not affect your users.",
"id": "GHSA-58r4-h6v8-jcvm",
"modified": "2023-05-16T16:04:23Z",
"published": "2020-11-03T02:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/omniauth-auth0/security/advisories/GHSA-58r4-h6v8-jcvm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/omniauth-auth0/commit/fd3a14f4ccdfbc515d1121d6378ff88bf55a7a7a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/omniauth-auth0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/omniauth-auth0/CVE-2020-15240.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rubygems.org/gems/omniauth-auth0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Regression in JWT Signature Validation"
}
GHSA-58RW-8PF6-2MGQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-17 21:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:33PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI-xx before firmware 6.3.40 is vulnerable to an insufficient authentication issue. The camera does not properly enforce authentication to /cgi-bin/param.cgi when requests are sent without an HTTP Authorization header. The result is a remote and unauthenticated attacker can leak sensitive data such as usernames, password hashes, and configurations details. Additionally, the attacker can update individual configuration values or overwrite the whole file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8956"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-17T20:15:07Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI-xx before firmware 6.3.40 is vulnerable to an insufficient authentication issue. The camera does not properly enforce authentication to /cgi-bin/param.cgi when requests are sent without an HTTP Authorization header. The result is a remote and unauthenticated attacker can leak sensitive data such as usernames, password hashes, and configurations details. Additionally, the attacker can update individual configuration values or overwrite the whole file.",
"id": "GHSA-58rw-8pf6-2mgq",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:33:06Z",
"published": "2024-09-17T21:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ptzoptics.com/firmware-changelog"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vulncheck.com/advisories/ptzoptics-insufficient-auth"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2024-8956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.greynoise.io/blog/greynoise-intelligence-discovers-zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-live-streaming-cameras-with-the-help-of-ai"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.labs.greynoise.io/grimoire/2024-10-31-sift-0-day-rce"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-58VW-H3CV-WWRH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-16 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:30The Bluetooth module has a vulnerability of bypassing the user confirmation in the pairing process. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect confidentiality.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-48314"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-16T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Bluetooth module has a vulnerability of bypassing the user confirmation in the pairing process. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect confidentiality.",
"id": "GHSA-58vw-h3cv-wwrh",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:30:07Z",
"published": "2023-04-16T09:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48314"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2023/4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://device.harmonyos.com/en/docs/security/update/security-bulletins-202304-0000001506528486"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.