CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
6036 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-43R4-72Q9-7MV7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:19 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:19Authentication vulnerability found in Dahua NVR models NVR50XX, NVR52XX, NVR54XX, NVR58XX with software before DH_NVR5xxx_Eng_P_V2.616.0000.0.R.20171102. Attacker could exploit this vulnerability to gain access to additional operations by means of forging json message.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-9314"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-11-13T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Authentication vulnerability found in Dahua NVR models NVR50XX, NVR52XX, NVR54XX, NVR58XX with software before DH_NVR5xxx_Eng_P_V2.616.0000.0.R.20171102. Attacker could exploit this vulnerability to gain access to additional operations by means of forging json message.",
"id": "GHSA-43r4-72q9-7mv7",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:19:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:19:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9314"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.dahuasecurity.com/annoucementsingle/security-advisory--authentication-vulnerability-found-in-some-dahua-nvr_14731_211.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-43VR-5W6H-PR3G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:25 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31Juniper ScreenOS 6.2.0r15 through 6.2.0r18, 6.3.0r12 before 6.3.0r12b, 6.3.0r13 before 6.3.0r13b, 6.3.0r14 before 6.3.0r14b, 6.3.0r15 before 6.3.0r15b, 6.3.0r16 before 6.3.0r16b, 6.3.0r17 before 6.3.0r17b, 6.3.0r18 before 6.3.0r18b, 6.3.0r19 before 6.3.0r19b, and 6.3.0r20 before 6.3.0r21 allows remote attackers to obtain administrative access by entering an unspecified password during a (1) SSH or (2) TELNET session.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-7755"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-12-19T14:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Juniper ScreenOS 6.2.0r15 through 6.2.0r18, 6.3.0r12 before 6.3.0r12b, 6.3.0r13 before 6.3.0r13b, 6.3.0r14 before 6.3.0r14b, 6.3.0r15 before 6.3.0r15b, 6.3.0r16 before 6.3.0r16b, 6.3.0r17 before 6.3.0r17b, 6.3.0r18 before 6.3.0r18b, 6.3.0r19 before 6.3.0r19b, and 6.3.0r20 before 6.3.0r21 allows remote attackers to obtain administrative access by entering an unspecified password during a (1) SSH or (2) TELNET session.",
"id": "GHSA-43vr-5w6h-pr3g",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:25:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-7755"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://adamcaudill.com/2015/12/17/much-ado-about-juniper"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.juniper.net/t5/Security-Incident-Response/Important-Announcement-about-ScreenOS/ba-p/285554"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hdm/juniper-cve-2015-7755"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2015-7755"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/12/unauthorized-code-in-juniper-firewalls-decrypts-encrypted-vpn-traffic"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content\u0026id=JSA10713"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://twitter.com/cryptoron/statuses/677900647560253442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2015/12/18/juniper-says-it-didnt-work-with-government-to-add-unauthorized-code-to-network-gear"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/640184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/79626"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1034489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.wired.com/2015/12/juniper-networks-hidden-backdoors-show-the-risk-of-government-backdoors"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-43W8-GGH3-P5RH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01NETGEAR D7000 devices before 1.0.1.68 are affected by authentication bypass.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45495"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "NETGEAR D7000 devices before 1.0.1.68 are affected by authentication bypass.",
"id": "GHSA-43w8-ggh3-p5rh",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:50Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45495"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064055/Security-Advisory-for-Authentication-Bypass-on-D7000-PSV-2018-0631"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-443F-W88G-369P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:12 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:12importbuddy.php in the BackupBuddy plugin 1.3.4, 2.1.4, 2.2.25, 2.2.28, and 2.2.4 for WordPress does not require that authentication be enabled, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information, or overwrite or delete files, via vectors involving a (1) direct request, (2) step=1 request, (3) step=2 or step=3 request, or (4) step=7 request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-2741"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-04-02T12:09:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "importbuddy.php in the BackupBuddy plugin 1.3.4, 2.1.4, 2.2.25, 2.2.28, and 2.2.4 for WordPress does not require that authentication be enabled, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information, or overwrite or delete files, via vectors involving a (1) direct request, (2) step=1 request, (3) step=2 or step=3 request, or (4) step=7 request.",
"id": "GHSA-443f-w88g-369p",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:12:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:12:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-2741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2013-03/0205.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/120923"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4446-W42R-XVJ9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2025-04-18 15:31An unauthenticated user can access Identity Manager’s management console specific page URLs. However, the system doesn’t allow the user to carry out server side tasks without a valid web session.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25626"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-425"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-16T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An unauthenticated user can access Identity Manager\u2019s management console specific page URLs. However, the system doesn\u2019t allow the user to carry out server side tasks without a valid web session.",
"id": "GHSA-4446-w42r-xvj9",
"modified": "2025-04-18T15:31:29Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T19:24:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25626"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.broadcom.com/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/21136"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4462-GVJV-PQM2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-04 21:31 – Updated: 2025-09-04 21:31In smp_process_secure_connection_oob_data of smp_act.cc, there is a possible way to bypass SMP authentication due to Incorrect implementation of a protocol. This could lead to remote escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26438"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-04T18:15:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In smp_process_secure_connection_oob_data of smp_act.cc, there is a possible way to bypass SMP authentication due to Incorrect implementation of a protocol. This could lead to remote escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-4462-gvjv-pqm2",
"modified": "2025-09-04T21:31:37Z",
"published": "2025-09-04T21:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26438"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/e6130675c04752947ac4779c178ce70eb959a97f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-05-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-44F7-5FJ5-H4PX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-11 15:27 – Updated: 2025-03-14 20:00Impact
In a Kubernetes environment, Ratify can be configured to authenticate to a private Azure Container Registry (ACR). The Azure workload identity and Azure managed identity authentication providers are configured in this setup. Users that configure a private ACR to be used with the Azure authentication providers may be impacted. Both Azure authentication providers attempt to exchange an Entra ID (EID) token for an ACR refresh token. However, Ratify’s Azure authentication providers did not verify that the target registry is an ACR. This could have led to the EID token being presented to a non-ACR registry during token exchange. EID tokens with ACR access can potentially be extracted and abused if a user workload contains an image reference to a malicious registry.
Patches
The Azure workload identity and Azure managed identity authentication providers are updated to add new validation prior to EID token exchange. Validation relies upon registry domain validation against a pre-configured list of well-known ACR endpoints. EID token exchange will be executed only if at least one of the configured well-known domain suffixes (wildcard support included) matches the registry domain of the image reference.
Credits
The ratify project would like to thank Shiwei Zhang (@shizhMSFT) and Binbin Li (@binbin-li) for responsibly disclosing the issue and thank Binbin Li (@binbin-li) and Akash Singhal (@akashsinghal) for actively mitigating the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/ratify-project/ratify"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/ratify-project/ratify"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.3.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/deislabs/ratify"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-27403"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-497"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-11T15:27:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-11T15:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nIn a Kubernetes environment, Ratify can be configured to authenticate to a private Azure Container Registry (ACR). The Azure workload identity and Azure managed identity authentication providers are configured in this setup. Users that configure a private ACR to be used with the Azure authentication providers may be impacted.\nBoth Azure authentication providers attempt to exchange an Entra ID (EID) token for an ACR refresh token. However, Ratify\u2019s Azure authentication providers did not verify that the target registry is an ACR. This could have led to the EID token being presented to a non-ACR registry during token exchange. EID tokens with ACR access can potentially be extracted and abused if a user workload contains an image reference to a malicious registry.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe Azure workload identity and Azure managed identity authentication providers are updated to add new validation prior to EID token exchange. Validation relies upon registry domain validation against a pre-configured list of well-known ACR endpoints. EID token exchange will be executed only if at least one of the configured well-known domain suffixes (wildcard support included) matches the registry domain of the image reference.\n\n### Credits\n\nThe `ratify` project would like to thank Shiwei Zhang (@shizhMSFT) and Binbin Li (@binbin-li) for responsibly disclosing the issue and thank Binbin Li (@binbin-li) and Akash Singhal (@akashsinghal) for actively mitigating the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-44f7-5fj5-h4px",
"modified": "2025-03-14T20:00:47Z",
"published": "2025-03-11T15:27:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ratify-project/ratify/security/advisories/GHSA-44f7-5fj5-h4px"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27403"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ratify-project/ratify/commit/0ec0c08490e3d672ae64b1a220c90d5484f1c93f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ratify-project/ratify/commit/84c7c48fa76bb9a1c9583635d1e90bc25b1a546c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ratify-project/ratify"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3511"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:L",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Ratify Azure authentication providers can leak authentication tokens to non-Azure container registries"
}
GHSA-44GM-F5RV-C627
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:10 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:10An improper authentication vulnerability exists in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software that enables a SAML authenticated attacker to impersonate any other user in the GlobalProtect Portal and GlobalProtect Gateway when they are configured to use SAML authentication. This issue impacts: PAN-OS 8.1 versions earlier than PAN-OS 8.1.19; PAN-OS 9.0 versions earlier than PAN-OS 9.0.14; PAN-OS 9.1 versions earlier than PAN-OS 9.1.9; PAN-OS 10.0 versions earlier than PAN-OS 10.0.5. PAN-OS 10.1 versions are not impacted.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3046"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-11T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An improper authentication vulnerability exists in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software that enables a SAML authenticated attacker to impersonate any other user in the GlobalProtect Portal and GlobalProtect Gateway when they are configured to use SAML authentication. This issue impacts: PAN-OS 8.1 versions earlier than PAN-OS 8.1.19; PAN-OS 9.0 versions earlier than PAN-OS 9.0.14; PAN-OS 9.1 versions earlier than PAN-OS 9.1.9; PAN-OS 10.0 versions earlier than PAN-OS 10.0.5. PAN-OS 10.1 versions are not impacted.",
"id": "GHSA-44gm-f5rv-c627",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:10:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:10:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3046"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2021-3046"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-44HF-4JV6-74G5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:37 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:37Siemens SpeedStream 5200 with NetPort Software 1.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via an invalid Host header, possibly involving a trailing dot in the hostname.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-6916"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-08-07T19:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Siemens SpeedStream 5200 with NetPort Software 1.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via an invalid Host header, possibly involving a trailing dot in the hostname.",
"id": "GHSA-44hf-4jv6-74g5",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:37:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:37:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-6916"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/46508"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/7055"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/49870"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/32635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/32203"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-44HM-PX5X-JX2Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:10 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:10The web interface on the SMC SMC8024L2 switch allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and obtain administrative access via a direct request to a .html file under (1) status/, (2) system/, (3) ports/, (4) trunks/, (5) vlans/, (6) qos/, (7) rstp/, (8) dot1x/, (9) security/, (10) igmps/, or (11) snmp/.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-2974"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-07-19T15:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The web interface on the SMC SMC8024L2 switch allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and obtain administrative access via a direct request to a .html file under (1) status/, (2) system/, (3) ports/, (4) trunks/, (5) vlans/, (6) qos/, (7) rstp/, (8) dot1x/, (9) security/, (10) igmps/, or (11) snmp/.",
"id": "GHSA-44hm-px5x-jx2q",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:10:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:10:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-2974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/377915"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1027285"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.