Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

6369 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-48087 (GCVE-0-2026-48087)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 21:32 – Updated: 2026-08-07 17:08
VLAI
Title
OpenReception: WebAuthn passkey injection allows account takeover
Summary
OpenReception's appointment booking software provides an end-to-end encrypted appointment booking platform. Prior to version 1.0.2, the registration handler at `POST /api/auth/register/{userId}` validates the relationship between the WebAuthn challenge and the registration cookie's email but never validates that the `userId` in the URL belongs to that email. An unauthenticated attacker requests a challenge for their own email, generates a registration response with their own authenticator, and submits it against any victim user's URL. The challenge-vs-cookie email match passes, the WebAuthn ceremony validates, and `addPasskey` writes the attacker's credential into the victim's `user_passkey` rows. The next victim-email login accepts a passkey assertion from the attacker's authenticator and issues a session as the victim. User IDs are not strictly secret on this platform, but the exact set of exposure surfaces should be assessed by the maintainers. Staff-list endpoints return user IDs to authenticated tenant members per the route signature; live verification of all exposure surfaces (whether user IDs leak through any unauthenticated route, through invite-confirmation URLs, or through other administrative views) is part of the pending live PoC. Where the attacker knows the victim's email and userId, the analysis below becomes account takeover. Version 1.0.2 fixes the issue.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 14:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48039 (GCVE-0-2026-48039)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 19:29 – Updated: 2026-08-07 19:42
VLAI
Title
Meta Ads MCP: Unauthenticated HTTP MCP Tool Execution Leaks Operator Meta Access Token
Summary
Meta Ads MCP is a Model Context Protocol (MCP) server that lets AI assistants run Meta Ads. Prior to version 1.0.109, `AuthInjectionMiddleware.dispatch()` at `http_auth_integration.py:272` unconditionally forwards unauthenticated Streamable HTTP requests to downstream MCP tool handlers without issuing a `401` response, allowing any network-reachable caller to invoke MCP tools without authentication. When no per-request credential is present, tool handlers fall back to the `META_ACCESS_TOKEN` environment variable, and when the downstream Meta Graph API call fails, `api.py:263–269` serialises the raw `httpx` request URL—including the operator's `access_token` as a query parameter—into the JSON-RPC response body, delivering the credential to the unauthenticated caller. Version 1.0.109 fixes the issue.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 19:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
pipeboard-co meta-ads-mcp Affected: < 1.0.109
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-47865 (GCVE-0-2026-47865)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-18 08:57 – Updated: 2026-07-23 03:56
VLAI
Title
VMware Avi Load Balancer Authentication Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
VMware Avi Load Balancer contains an authentication bypass vulnerability. A malicious user with network access may be able to access the Avi Control plane by bypassing the authentication mechanism. Affected versions: 31.1.1 through 31.2.2 (fixed in 31.2.2-2p3) 30.1.1 through 30.2.6 (fixed in 30.2.7) 22.1.1 through 22.1.7 (fixed in 30.2.7)
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-22 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
VMware Avi Load Balancer Affected: 31.1.1 , ≤ 31.2.2 (custom)
Affected: 30.1.1 , ≤ 30.2.6 (custom)
Affected: 22.1.1 , ≤ 22.1.7 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-47838 (GCVE-0-2026-47838)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 23:50 – Updated: 2026-06-30 21:49
VLAI
Title
Unauthorized User Impersonation when Using X.509 Client Certificates
Summary
SubjectDnX509PrincipalExtractor does not correctly handle certain malformed X.509 certificate CN values, which can lead to reading the wrong value for the username. In a carefully crafted certificate, this can lead to an attacker impersonating another user. Affected versions: Spring Security 5.7.0 through 5.7.24; 5.8.0 through 5.8.26; 6.3.0 through 6.3.17; 6.4.0 through 6.4.17; 6.5.0 through 6.5.10.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Spring Spring Security Affected: 5.7.0 , < 5.7.25 (custom)
Affected: 5.8.0 , < 5.8.27 (custom)
Affected: 6.3.0 , < 6.3.18 (custom)
Affected: 6.4.0 , < 6.4.18 (custom)
Affected: 6.5.0 , < 6.5.10.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-47718 (GCVE-0-2026-47718)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-12 22:21 – Updated: 2026-08-14 22:23
VLAI
Title
FUXA provides guest and invalid-token access to protected read APIs in secure mode
Summary
FUXA is a web-based Process Visualization (SCADA/HMI/Dashboard) software. When `secureEnabled=true`, FUXA `1.3.0-2773` still allows guest and invalid-token requests to read project, alarms, and scheduler APIs. Version 1.3.1 fixes this issue.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 22:22 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
frangoteam FUXA Affected: = 1.3.0-2773
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-47280 (GCVE-0-2026-47280)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-22 22:03 – Updated: 2026-08-10 15:12 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
Title
Azure Resource Manager Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Improper authentication in Azure Resource Manager (ARM) allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-26 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Azure Resource Manager Affected: -
    cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:azure_resource_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-21 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-47272 (GCVE-0-2026-47272)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 20:06 – Updated: 2026-05-28 12:53
VLAI
Title
pam_usb: OTP pad authentication bypass via missing system pad check and uninitialized RNG buffer
Summary
pam_usb provides hardware authentication for Linux using ordinary removable media. Prior to 0.9.0, the pusb_pad_compare() function in src/pad.c only verified that the user-side pad (~/.pamusb/device.pad) could be read, but did not enforce that the system-side pad (the pad file on the USB device) was also present and readable. If the user-side pad was deleted or unreadable, the function returned a failure that was treated as non-fatal in certain code paths, allowing authentication to succeed without the USB device being verified. A local user can delete their own ~/.pamusb/device.pad to remove the USB device requirement and authenticate without the physical device. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.9.0.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-28 12:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-908 - Use of Uninitialized Resource
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
mcdope pam_usb Affected: < 0.9.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-47202 (GCVE-0-2026-47202)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-26 17:30 – Updated: 2026-05-27 17:23
VLAI
Title
Kavita: Pre-Auth Account Takeover
Summary
Kavita is a cross platform reading server. Prior to 0.9.0.2, an Improper Token validation flaw permits a remote and unauthenticated threat actor to request a JWT for any user including admins given knowledge of their username. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.9.0.2.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-27 17:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
  • CWE-697 - Incorrect Comparison
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Kareadita Kavita Affected: < 0.9.0.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-47166 (GCVE-0-2026-47166)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-10 21:51 – Updated: 2026-06-11 14:34
VLAI
Title
ImageMagick: Heap Buffer Over-Read in distributed pixel cache server
Summary
ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 6.9.13-48 and 7.1.2-23, an attacker who can connect to a magick -distribute-cache service can cause a heap buffer over-read in the server process. This issue has been patched in versions 6.9.13-48 and 7.1.2-23.
Severity
5.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-11 14:34 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: < 6.9.13-48
Affected: < 7.1.2-23
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-47159 (GCVE-0-2026-47159)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 15:02 – Updated: 2026-07-15 15:34
VLAI
Title
Vaultwarden: Authentication Flow Information Disclosure in SSO Discovery Allows Organization Enumeration and Pre-Validation Token Exposure
Summary
Vaultwarden is a Bitwarden-compatible server written in Rust. Prior to 1.36.0, Vaultwarden's SSO discovery and pre-validation flow returned organization-related SSO metadata including organizationIdentifier values for arbitrary email addresses and allowed a valid pre-validation JWT to be obtained with only the discovered identifier, enabling SSO-enabled organization enumeration and authentication workflow abuse. This issue is fixed in version 1.36.0.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 15:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
dani-garcia vaultwarden Affected: < 1.36.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.

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