CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5996 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-25RW-G6FF-FMG8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-04 22:51 – Updated: 2026-03-09 15:46Summary
A vulnerability in Zitadel's login V2 UI allowed users to bypass login behavior and security policies and self-register new accounts or sign in using password even if corresponding options were disabled in their organizaton.
Impact
Zitadel enables administrators to configure their organization’s login behavior and security policies. As part of this functionality, they can disable user self-registration, enforce passwordless logins only, and more.
Due to improper enforcement an attacker could send direct HTTP requests to the login UI and create accounts in organizations that have disabled user self-registration, and gain unauthorized access to the system. The same attack vector could be used to authenticate for example using username and password even when this login method was disabled.
Affected Versions
Systems running one of the following versions are affected:
- 4.x: 4.0.0 through 4.12.0 (including RC versions)
Patches
The vulnerability has been addressed in the latest releases. The patch resolves the issue by enforcing the policies on the logiin UI server.
4.x: Upgrade to >=4.12.1
Workarounds
The recommended solution is to upgrade to a patched version.
Questions
If there are any questions or comments about this advisory, please send an email to security@zitadel.com
Credits
ZITADEL extends thanks once again to Amit Laish from GE Vernova for finding and reporting the vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.12.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/zitadel/zitadel/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.12.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.12.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/zitadel/zitadel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.12.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-29193"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-04T22:51:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-07T15:15:55Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nA vulnerability in Zitadel\u0027s login V2 UI allowed users to bypass login behavior and security policies and self-register new accounts or sign in using password even if corresponding options were disabled in their organizaton.\n\n### Impact\n\nZitadel enables administrators to configure their organization\u2019s login behavior and security policies. As part of this functionality, they can disable user self-registration, enforce passwordless logins only, and more.\n\nDue to improper enforcement an attacker could send direct HTTP requests to the login UI and create accounts in organizations that have disabled user self-registration, and gain unauthorized access to the system.\nThe same attack vector could be used to authenticate for example using username and password even when this login method was disabled.\n\n### Affected Versions\n\nSystems running one of the following versions are affected:\n- **4.x**: `4.0.0` through `4.12.0` (including RC versions)\n\n### Patches\n\nThe vulnerability has been addressed in the latest releases. The patch resolves the issue by enforcing the policies on the logiin UI server.\n\n4.x: Upgrade to \u003e=[4.12.1](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.12.1)\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThe recommended solution is to upgrade to a patched version.\n\n### Questions\n\nIf there are any questions or comments about this advisory, please send an email to [security@zitadel.com](mailto:security@zitadel.com)\n\n### Credits \n\nZITADEL extends thanks once again to Amit Laish from GE Vernova for finding and reporting the vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-25rw-g6ff-fmg8",
"modified": "2026-03-09T15:46:19Z",
"published": "2026-03-04T22:51:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-25rw-g6ff-fmg8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-29193"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.12.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "ZITADEL: Login V2 UI Policy Bypass Allows Unauthorized Self-Registration and Authentication"
}
GHSA-25W4-HFQG-4R52
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-25 18:30 – Updated: 2024-08-02 15:45A flaw was found in Quarkus. When a Quarkus RestEasy Classic or Reactive JAX-RS endpoint has its methods declared in the abstract Java class or customized by Quarkus extensions using the annotation processor, the authorization of these methods will not be enforced if it is enabled by either 'quarkus.security.jaxrs.deny-unannotated-endpoints' or 'quarkus.security.jaxrs.default-roles-allowed' properties.
While backports of this fix exist in versions 3.6.9 and 3.7.1 users of older versions are encouraged to update to the 3.8.x LTS branch.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy-reactive-common-deployment"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.10.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy-reactive-common"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.10.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy-reactive-common-deployment"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.6.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy-reactive-common"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.6.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy-reactive-common-deployment"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy-reactive-common"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5675"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-25T19:54:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-25T16:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in Quarkus. When a Quarkus RestEasy Classic or Reactive JAX-RS endpoint has its methods declared in the abstract Java class or customized by Quarkus extensions using the annotation processor, the authorization of these methods will not be enforced if it is enabled by either \u0027quarkus.security.jaxrs.deny-unannotated-endpoints\u0027 or \u0027quarkus.security.jaxrs.default-roles-allowed\u0027 properties.\n\nWhile backports of this fix exist in versions 3.6.9 and 3.7.1 users of older versions are encouraged to update to the 3.8.x LTS branch.",
"id": "GHSA-25w4-hfqg-4r52",
"modified": "2024-08-02T15:45:01Z",
"published": "2024-04-25T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5675"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus/commit/b7dd69a3012a872f2846d73072ff232e07da74dd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus/commit/bf2ef6c504b989f74ceb5947d823b6ab208f8b6e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus/commit/c026b1cf6f2e07cc50b65c824d922319248d9341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus/commit/d802748128cd1932279b7c334f3792d481814ef5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:0494"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:0495"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-5675"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2245197"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Quarkus: authorization flaw in quarkus resteasy reactive and classic"
}
GHSA-25WF-7X6C-WMPF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-23 12:31 – Updated: 2025-10-24 20:29A serious authentication flaw allowed attackers with valid credentials to bypass multi-factor authentication under certain conditions, potentially compromising user accounts.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.5.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "4.5.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.4.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "4.4.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62398"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-24T17:43:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-23T12:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A serious authentication flaw allowed attackers with valid credentials to bypass multi-factor authentication under certain conditions, potentially compromising user accounts.",
"id": "GHSA-25wf-7x6c-wmpf",
"modified": "2025-10-24T20:29:02Z",
"published": "2025-10-23T12:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62398"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/67005f8b2098096f4c7ca4f78ab9ce69415d703b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/a2078f781ae065ca1f781bd159c7615c84afcaa5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-62398"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2404431"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=470387"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Moodle does not properly enforce MFA"
}
GHSA-25X6-6MR7-9JX8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:21 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:21Uniqkey Password Manager 1.14 contains a vulnerability because it fails to recognize the difference between domains and sub-domains. The vulnerability means that passwords saved for example.com will be recommended for usersite.example.com. This could lead to successful phishing campaigns and create a sense of false security.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10884"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-05T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Uniqkey Password Manager 1.14 contains a vulnerability because it fails to recognize the difference between domains and sub-domains. The vulnerability means that passwords saved for example.com will be recommended for usersite.example.com. This could lead to successful phishing campaigns and create a sense of false security.",
"id": "GHSA-25x6-6mr7-9jx8",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:21:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:21:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10884"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.133069"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2624-69C2-835G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:21 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:21Improper authentication in the installer for the Intel(R) NUC M15 Laptop Kit Management Engine driver pack before version 15.0.10.1508 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33087"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-17T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper authentication in the installer for the Intel(R) NUC M15 Laptop Kit Management Engine driver pack before version 15.0.10.1508 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-2624-69c2-835g",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:21:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:21:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33087"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00569.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2647-RCH5-5QG9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-20 15:32 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31An incorrect access control issue in Unit4 Financials by Coda v.2023Q4 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via a crafted script to the change password function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-28735"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-20T15:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An incorrect access control issue in Unit4 Financials by Coda v.2023Q4 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via a crafted script to the change password function.",
"id": "GHSA-2647-rch5-5qg9",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:33Z",
"published": "2024-03-20T15:32:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/177620/Financials-By-Coda-Authorization-Bypass.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unit4.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unit4.com/products/financial-management-software"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://financials.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://unit4.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2689-G4R3-GXRX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-23 12:30 – Updated: 2025-12-23 15:30Vulnerability in Tyche softwares Product Delivery Date for WooCommerce – Lite.This issue affects Product Delivery Date for WooCommerce – Lite: from n/a through 2.7.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-52210"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-23T12:15:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in Tyche softwares Product Delivery Date for WooCommerce \u2013 Lite.This issue affects Product Delivery Date for WooCommerce \u2013 Lite: from n/a through 2.7.0.",
"id": "GHSA-2689-g4r3-gxrx",
"modified": "2025-12-23T15:30:39Z",
"published": "2025-12-23T12:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52210"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/product-delivery-date-for-woocommerce-lite/vulnerability/wordpress-product-delivery-date-for-woocommerce-lite-plugin-2-7-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-268H-82RC-5X3H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-08 15:31 – Updated: 2024-09-06 21:32fprintd through 1.94.3 lacks a security attention mechanism, and thus unexpected actions might be authorized by "auth sufficient pam_fprintd.so" for Sudo.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-37408"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-08T14:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "fprintd through 1.94.3 lacks a security attention mechanism, and thus unexpected actions might be authorized by \"auth sufficient pam_fprintd.so\" for Sudo.",
"id": "GHSA-268h-82rc-5x3h",
"modified": "2024-09-06T21:32:27Z",
"published": "2024-06-08T15:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37408"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/libfprint/fprintd/-/releases"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/fprint/2024-May/001231.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/05/30/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/06/13/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/06/13/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/06/14/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/06/14/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/06/14/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-268P-G9GF-2GH5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:14 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:14A vulnerability in the Graphite service of Cisco HyperFlex software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to retrieve data from the Graphite service. The vulnerability is due to insufficient authentication controls. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted requests to the Graphite service. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to retrieve any statistics from the Graphite service. Versions prior to 3.5(2a) are affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-1666"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-02-21T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Graphite service of Cisco HyperFlex software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to retrieve data from the Graphite service. The vulnerability is due to insufficient authentication controls. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted requests to the Graphite service. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to retrieve any statistics from the Graphite service. Versions prior to 3.5(2a) are affected.",
"id": "GHSA-268p-g9gf-2gh5",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:14:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:14:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1666"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190220-hyper-retrieve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107108"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-269J-J2CG-H6QP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:20 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:20Aruba ClearPass, all versions of 6.6.x prior to 6.6.9 are affected by an authentication bypass vulnerability, an attacker can leverage this vulnerability to gain administrator privileges on the system. The vulnerability is exposed only on ClearPass web interfaces, including administrative, guest captive portal, and API. Customers who do not expose ClearPass web interfaces to untrusted users are impacted to a lesser extent.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-7058"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-06T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Aruba ClearPass, all versions of 6.6.x prior to 6.6.9 are affected by an authentication bypass vulnerability, an attacker can leverage this vulnerability to gain administrator privileges on the system. The vulnerability is exposed only on ClearPass web interfaces, including administrative, guest captive portal, and API. Customers who do not expose ClearPass web interfaces to untrusted users are impacted to a lesser extent.",
"id": "GHSA-269j-j2cg-h6qp",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:20:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:20:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-7058"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2018-003.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.