CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7801 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-VQ5Q-96MP-22GJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-22 12:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:36An issue in Tormach xsTECH CNC Router, PathPilot Controller v2.9.6 allows attackers to erase a critical sector of the flash memory, causing the machine to lose network connectivity and suffer from firmware corruption.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22807"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-22T12:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in Tormach xsTECH CNC Router, PathPilot Controller v2.9.6 allows attackers to erase a critical sector of the flash memory, causing the machine to lose network connectivity and suffer from firmware corruption.",
"id": "GHSA-vq5q-96mp-22gj",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:36:19Z",
"published": "2024-04-22T12:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/VcuCyber/51075894d1728db07fc2df286c003df9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VQ5Q-GM94-4CQM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:53 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:53A security vulnerability in cookie handling in the http stack implementation in NDSD in Novell eDirectory before 9.0.1 allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions by leveraging predictable cookies.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5747"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-23T06:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability in cookie handling in the http stack implementation in NDSD in Novell eDirectory before 9.0.1 allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions by leveraging predictable cookies.",
"id": "GHSA-vq5q-gm94-4cqm",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:53:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:53:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5747"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.novell.com/support/kb/doc.php?id=7016794"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VQ6J-HJ8W-7V39
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-13 16:51 – Updated: 2026-07-13 16:51Description
A participant can load the demographics questionnaire admin editor and make changes.
Technical description
The demographics questionnaire editor should require admin access, but the route under /admin/demographics/questions renders the editor interface without checking whether the caller is an admin. A normal participant can load the page and see the live update form action, which proves the protected interface is reachable.
Reproduction steps:
Step 1. Sign in as a normal participant: Open http://localhost:3000/users/sign_in.
Step 2. Request the admin-only editor directly. Open http://localhost:3000/admin/demographics/questions/edit_questions in the same browser.
Step 3. Add another question:
Note that access was denied when attempting to see question responses or settings.
Impact
- Low-privilege users can access questionnaire-admin interfaces.
- They can read question-management surfaces that should remain limited to questionnaire managers.
Patches
See https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/16665
Workarounds
Disable the "decidim-demographics" module
Reference
OWASP A01:2021 Broken Access Control
Credits
This issue was discovered in a security audit organized by the Decidim Association and made by Radically Open Security against Decidim financed by NGI.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "decidim-demographics"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.31.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.31.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "decidim-demographics"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.32.0.rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "0.32.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-45086"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-13T16:51:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Description\n\nA participant can load the demographics questionnaire admin editor and make changes.\n\n## Technical description\n\nThe demographics questionnaire editor should require admin access, but the route under `/admin/demographics/questions` renders the editor interface without checking whether the caller is an admin. A normal participant can load the page and see the live update form action, which proves the protected interface is reachable.\n\nReproduction steps:\n\nStep 1. Sign in as a normal participant: Open `http://localhost:3000/users/sign_in`.\nStep 2. Request the admin-only editor directly. Open `http://localhost:3000/admin/demographics/questions/edit_questions` in the same browser.\nStep 3. Add another question:\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1522\" height=\"1174\" alt=\"decidim-questions-01\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/923f85d4-0e2f-4511-a9f3-a92f74dbf1d8\" /\u003e\n\nNote that access was denied when attempting to see question responses or settings.\n\n### Impact\n\n- Low-privilege users can access questionnaire-admin interfaces.\n- They can read question-management surfaces that should remain limited to questionnaire managers.\n \n### Patches\n\nSee https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/16665 \n\n### Workarounds\n\nDisable the \"decidim-demographics\" module \n\n### Reference\n\nOWASP A01:2021 Broken Access Control\n\n### Credits\n\nThis issue was discovered in a security audit organized by the [Decidim Association](https://decidim.org) and made by [Radically Open Security](https://www.radicallyopensecurity.com/) against Decidim financed by [NGI](https://ngi.eu/).",
"id": "GHSA-vq6j-hj8w-7v39",
"modified": "2026-07-13T16:51:05Z",
"published": "2026-07-13T16:51:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/security/advisories/GHSA-vq6j-hj8w-7v39"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/16665"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Decidim: Forms admin question editor lacks authorization"
}
GHSA-VQG4-VF9P-3QP9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-16 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-16 21:30A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in Xcode 16.3. An app may be able to bypass Privacy preferences.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-31186"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-16T18:16:07Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in Xcode 16.3. An app may be able to bypass Privacy preferences.",
"id": "GHSA-vqg4-vf9p-3qp9",
"modified": "2026-01-16T21:30:36Z",
"published": "2026-01-16T18:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31186"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122380"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VQGP-PF68-6947
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 06:31 – Updated: 2026-06-09 06:31Spring WebFlux applications may be vulnerable to a security bypass when using the Kotlin Router DSL.
Affected versions: Spring Framework 5.3.0 through 5.3.48.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41847"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T05:16:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Spring WebFlux applications may be vulnerable to a security bypass when using the Kotlin Router DSL.\n\nAffected versions:\nSpring Framework 5.3.0 through 5.3.48.",
"id": "GHSA-vqgp-pf68-6947",
"modified": "2026-06-09T06:31:58Z",
"published": "2026-06-09T06:31:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41847"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-41847"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VQH4-CRJF-JJXX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:11 – Updated: 2024-10-21 21:28Salt 2015.8.x before 2015.8.4 does not properly handle clear messages on the minion, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to execute arbitrary code by inserting packets into the minion-master data stream.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2015.8.0rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "2015.8.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-1866"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-28T23:19:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2016-04-12T14:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Salt 2015.8.x before 2015.8.4 does not properly handle clear messages on the minion, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to execute arbitrary code by inserting packets into the minion-master data stream.",
"id": "GHSA-vqh4-crjf-jjxx",
"modified": "2024-10-21T21:28:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:11:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1866"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/releases/2015.8.4.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/salt/PYSEC-2016-23.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2016-03/msg00034.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Salt Improper Access Control"
}
GHSA-VQH7-Q5W4-VWR6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-26 03:30 – Updated: 2025-05-26 03:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in H3C SecCenter SMP-E1114P02 up to 20250513. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /safeEvent/importFile/. The manipulation of the argument logGeneralFile/logGeneralFile_2 leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5162"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-26T01:15:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in H3C SecCenter SMP-E1114P02 up to 20250513. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /safeEvent/importFile/. The manipulation of the argument logGeneralFile/logGeneralFile_2 leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-vqh7-q5w4-vwr6",
"modified": "2025-05-26T03:30:25Z",
"published": "2025-05-26T03:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://flowus.cn/share/ce6c4094-8d97-466c-8fcc-df3f3d6f314e?code=G8A6P3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://flowus.cn/share/d6c310ac-a179-499f-9e9a-5c0de80b19be?code=G8A6P3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310250"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.310250"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.578679"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-VQRX-MF37-8X6H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:03 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:31The REPL server (--listen) in GNU Guile 2.0.12 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via an HTTP inter-protocol attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-8606"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-12T22:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The REPL server (--listen) in GNU Guile 2.0.12 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via an HTTP inter-protocol attack.",
"id": "GHSA-vqrx-mf37-8x6h",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:31:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:03:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/6QTAGSDCTYXTABAA77BQJGNKOOBRV4DK"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FNVE5N24FLWDYBQ3LAFMF6BFCWKDO7VM"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UJP5S36GTXMDEBXWF6LKKV76DSLNQG44"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/6QTAGSDCTYXTABAA77BQJGNKOOBRV4DK"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FNVE5N24FLWDYBQ3LAFMF6BFCWKDO7VM"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UJP5S36GTXMDEBXWF6LKKV76DSLNQG44"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/12/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93514"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VQV6-V97G-WVHJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-31 19:00 – Updated: 2022-11-01 19:00A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Yunjing CMS. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /index/user/upload_img.html. The manipulation of the argument file leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-212500.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3770"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-31T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Yunjing CMS. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /index/user/upload_img.html. The manipulation of the argument file leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-212500.",
"id": "GHSA-vqv6-v97g-wvhj",
"modified": "2022-11-01T19:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-10-31T19:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/swzaq/swzaq"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.212500"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VQVM-QRWH-69H7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-31 19:00 – Updated: 2022-11-01 20:37This issue affects the function file of the file helpers/Upload.php of the component File Upload Management. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "noumo/easyii"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3771"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-31T22:56:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-31T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "This issue affects the function file of the file helpers/Upload.php of the component File Upload Management. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. ",
"id": "GHSA-vqvm-qrwh-69h7",
"modified": "2022-11-01T20:37:27Z",
"published": "2022-10-31T19:00:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3771"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/noumo/easyii"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.212501"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "easyii CMS\u0027s File Upload Management vulnerable to unrestricted upload"
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.