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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-276

Allowed

Incorrect Default Permissions

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

During installation, installed file permissions are set to allow anyone to modify those files.

2085 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-6P4R-8Q8W-PC2G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-28 18:31 – Updated: 2025-07-28 18:31
VLAI
Details

In JetBrains TeamCity before 2025.07 privilege escalation was possible due to incorrect directory permissions

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54530"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-28T17:15:32Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In JetBrains TeamCity before 2025.07 privilege escalation was possible due to incorrect directory permissions",
  "id": "GHSA-6p4r-8q8w-pc2g",
  "modified": "2025-07-28T18:31:28Z",
  "published": "2025-07-28T18:31:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54530"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6P8Q-94VC-WGP9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-07 00:31 – Updated: 2025-01-07 18:30
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Inspur ClusterEngine v4.0 that allows attackers to gain escalated Local privileges and execute arbitrary commands via /opt/tsce4/torque6/bin/getJobsByShell.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-27285"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-06T22:15:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Inspur ClusterEngine v4.0 that allows attackers to gain escalated Local privileges and execute arbitrary commands via /opt/tsce4/torque6/bin/getJobsByShell.",
  "id": "GHSA-6p8q-94vc-wgp9",
  "modified": "2025-01-07T18:30:48Z",
  "published": "2025-01-07T00:31:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27285"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fjh1997/CVE-2021-27285"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6P8V-8CQ8-V2R3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 21:14 – Updated: 2022-05-24 21:14
VLAI
Summary
Access to Unix domain socket can lead to privileges escalation in Cilium
Details

Impact

Users with host file system access on a node and the privileges to run as group ID 1000 can gain access to the per node API of Cilium via Unix domain socket on the host where Cilium is running. If a malicious user is able to gain unprivileged access to a user corresponding to this group, then they can leverage this access to compromise the integrity as well as system availability on that host. Operating Systems that have unprivileged users not belonging the group ID 1000 are not affected by this vulnerability.

Best practices for managing the secure deployment of Kubernetes clusters will typically limit the ability for a malicious user to deploy pods with access to this group or to access the host filesystem, and limit user access to the nodes for users belonging to this group. These best practices include (but are not limited to) enforcing Admission Control policies to limit the configuration of Kubernetes Pod hostPath and SecurityContext fields.

Patches

Cilium versions >=1.9.16, >=1.10.11, >=1.11.5 mitigate this issue by setting the default group to 0 (root).

Workarounds

Prevent Cilium from running with group 1000 by modifying Cilium's DaemonSet to run with the following command:

      containers:
      - name: cilium-agent
        args:
        - -c
        - "groupdel cilium && cilium-agent --config-dir=/tmp/cilium/config-map"
        command:
        - bash

instead of

      containers:
      - name: cilium-agent
        args:
        - --config-dir=/tmp/cilium/config-map
        command:
        - cilium-agent

Acknowledgements

The Cilium community has worked together with members of Isovalent and Form 3 to prepare these mitigations. Special thanks to Daniel Iziourov and Daniel Teixeira for their cooperation.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Email us at security@cilium.io

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/cilium/cilium"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.11.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.11.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/cilium/cilium"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.10.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.10.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/cilium/cilium"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.9.16"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-29178"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-05-24T21:14:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-20T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nUsers with host file system access on a node and the privileges to run as group ID 1000 can gain access to the per node API of Cilium via Unix domain socket on the host where Cilium is running. If a malicious user is able to gain unprivileged access to a user corresponding to this group, then they can leverage this access to compromise the integrity as well as system availability on that host. Operating Systems that have unprivileged users **not** belonging the group ID 1000 are **not** affected by this vulnerability.\n\nBest practices for managing the secure deployment of Kubernetes clusters will typically limit the ability for a malicious user to deploy pods with access to this group or to access the host filesystem, and limit user access to the nodes for users belonging to this group. These best practices include (but are not limited to) enforcing Admission Control policies to limit the configuration of Kubernetes Pod [hostPath](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#hostpath) and [SecurityContext](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context/) fields.\n\n### Patches\n\nCilium versions \u003e=1.9.16, \u003e=1.10.11, \u003e=1.11.5 mitigate this issue by setting the default group to 0 (root).\n\n### Workarounds\n\nPrevent Cilium from running with group 1000 by modifying Cilium\u0027s DaemonSet to run with the following command:\n\n```yaml\n      containers:\n      - name: cilium-agent\n        args:\n        - -c\n        - \"groupdel cilium \u0026\u0026 cilium-agent --config-dir=/tmp/cilium/config-map\"\n        command:\n        - bash\n```\ninstead of\n```yaml\n      containers:\n      - name: cilium-agent\n        args:\n        - --config-dir=/tmp/cilium/config-map\n        command:\n        - cilium-agent\n```\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nThe Cilium community has worked together with members of Isovalent and Form 3 to prepare these mitigations.  Special thanks to Daniel Iziourov and Daniel Teixeira for their cooperation.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Email us at [security@cilium.io](mailto:security@cilium.io)\n",
  "id": "GHSA-6p8v-8cq8-v2r3",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T21:14:41Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T21:14:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/security/advisories/GHSA-6p8v-8cq8-v2r3"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29178"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/releases/tag/v1.10.11"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/releases/tag/v1.11.5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/releases/tag/v1.9.16"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "github.com/cilium/cilium"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Access to Unix domain socket can lead to privileges escalation in Cilium"
}

GHSA-6P96-58PG-P58H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-12 03:33 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:32
VLAI
Details

A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.2, macOS Ventura 13.7.2, macOS Sonoma 14.7.2. A malicious app may be able to gain root privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-44224"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-12T02:15:23Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.2, macOS Ventura 13.7.2, macOS Sonoma 14.7.2. A malicious app may be able to gain root privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-6p96-58pg-p58h",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T00:32:10Z",
  "published": "2024-12-12T03:33:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44224"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121839"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121840"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121842"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Dec/7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Dec/8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Dec/9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6PQ8-9HCX-5R62

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:07 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:07
VLAI
Details

A privilege escalation vulnerability in Wowza Streaming Engine 4.7.7 and 4.7.8 allows any unprivileged Linux user to escalate privileges to root. The installer sets too relaxed permissions on /usr/local/WowzaStreamingEngine/bin/* core program files. By injecting a payload into one of those files, it will run with the same privileges as the Wowza server, root. For example, /usr/local/WowzaStreamingEngine/bin/tune.sh could be replaced with a Trojan horse.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-7656"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276",
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-01-29T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A privilege escalation vulnerability in Wowza Streaming Engine 4.7.7 and 4.7.8 allows any unprivileged Linux user to escalate privileges to root. The installer sets too relaxed permissions on /usr/local/WowzaStreamingEngine/bin/* core program files. By injecting a payload into one of those files, it will run with the same privileges as the Wowza server, root. For example, /usr/local/WowzaStreamingEngine/bin/tune.sh could be replaced with a Trojan horse.",
  "id": "GHSA-6pq8-9hcx-5r62",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:07:40Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:07:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7656"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/DrunkenShells/Disclosures/tree/master/CVE-2019-7656-PrivEscal-Wowza"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/WowzaMediaSystems/public_cve/main/wowza-streaming-engine/CVE-2019-7656.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/WowzaMediaSystems/public_cve/master/wowza-streaming-engine/CVE-2019-7656.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wowza.com/docs/wowza-streaming-engine-4-8-5-release-notes"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wowza.com/pricing/installer"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6Q23-JQ3M-97MQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:30
VLAI
Details

Incorrect default permissions in some Intel(R) CSME installer software before version 2328.5.5.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-28389"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-14T17:15:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Incorrect default permissions in some Intel(R) CSME installer software before version 2328.5.5.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
  "id": "GHSA-6q23-jq3m-97mq",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T18:30:45Z",
  "published": "2024-03-14T18:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28389"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240912-0004"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00923.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6QFQ-9M7H-9WWM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-15 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-19 06:30
VLAI
Details

IBM Manage Application 8.8.0 and 8.9.0 in the IBM Maximo Application Suite is vulnerable to incorrect default permissions which could give access to a user to actions that they should not have access to. IBM X-Force ID: 242953.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-46774"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276",
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-15T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Manage Application 8.8.0 and 8.9.0 in the IBM Maximo Application Suite is vulnerable to incorrect default permissions which could give access to a user to actions that they should not have access to. IBM X-Force ID: 242953.",
  "id": "GHSA-6qfq-9m7h-9wwm",
  "modified": "2023-03-19T06:30:24Z",
  "published": "2023-03-15T21:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46774"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/242953"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6962455"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6RJ9-HCV7-94R5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-28 15:30 – Updated: 2023-06-28 15:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the client update process of Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client Software for Windows and Cisco Secure Client Software for Windows could allow a low-privileged, authenticated, local attacker to elevate privileges to those of SYSTEM. The client update process is executed after a successful VPN connection is established. This vulnerability exists because improper permissions are assigned to a temporary directory that is created during the update process. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by abusing a specific function of the Windows installer process. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute code with SYSTEM privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-20178"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-28T15:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the client update process of Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client Software for Windows and Cisco Secure Client Software for Windows could allow a low-privileged, authenticated, local attacker to elevate privileges to those of SYSTEM. The client update process is executed after a successful VPN connection is established. This vulnerability exists because improper permissions are assigned to a temporary directory that is created during the update process. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by abusing a specific function of the Windows installer process. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute code with SYSTEM privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-6rj9-hcv7-94r5",
  "modified": "2023-06-28T15:30:23Z",
  "published": "2023-06-28T15:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20178"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ac-csc-privesc-wx4U4Kw"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6RV5-3VH8-6642

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-11 18:30 – Updated: 2026-08-12 15:30
VLAI
Details

Weak permissions in the Vitis™ Unified installation path on local Windows machines could allow a low-privileged user to create arbitrary code, potentially resulting in binary hijacking.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-61970"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-11T17:17:44Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Weak permissions in the Vitis\u2122 Unified installation path on local Windows machines could allow a low-privileged user to create arbitrary code, potentially resulting in binary hijacking.",
  "id": "GHSA-6rv5-3vh8-6642",
  "modified": "2026-08-12T15:30:31Z",
  "published": "2026-08-11T18:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61970"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/resources/product-security/bulletin/AMD-SB-8015.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6V84-2CCF-99QX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-27 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-07 00:01
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in CipherMail Webmail Messenger 1.1.1 through 4.1.4. A local attacker could access secret keys (found in a Roundcube configuration file) that are used to protect Webmail user passwords and two-factor authentication (2FA).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-28218"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-26T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in CipherMail Webmail Messenger 1.1.1 through 4.1.4. A local attacker could access secret keys (found in a Roundcube configuration file) that are used to protect Webmail user passwords and two-factor authentication (2FA).",
  "id": "GHSA-6v84-2ccf-99qx",
  "modified": "2022-05-07T00:01:05Z",
  "published": "2022-04-27T00:00:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28218"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ciphermail.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.ciphermail.com/hyperkitty/list/security@lists.ciphermail.com/thread/WRWHQUACXWXQA42KXXQQ6EEP6SBBM5BM"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ciphermail.com/webmail-release-notes.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

The architecture needs to access and modification attributes for files to only those users who actually require those actions.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing

An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.

CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering

Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.