Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-269

Discouraged

Improper Privilege Management

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.

5646 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-F7H3-WHMX-5PQJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-16 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-25 00:00
VLAI
Details

Vulnerabilities in the Drive Composer allow a low privileged attacker to create and write to a file anywhere on the file system as SYSTEM with arbitrary content as long as the file does not already exist. The Drive Composer installer file allows a low-privileged user to run a "repair" operation on the product.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-31218"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-59"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-15T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerabilities in the Drive Composer allow a low privileged attacker to create and write to a file anywhere on the file system as SYSTEM with arbitrary content as long as the file does not already exist. The Drive Composer installer file allows a low-privileged user to run a \"repair\" operation on the product.",
  "id": "GHSA-f7h3-whmx-5pqj",
  "modified": "2022-06-25T00:00:51Z",
  "published": "2022-06-16T00:00:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31218"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumentID=9AKK108467A0305\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=Launch\u0026_ga=2.38192870.478847987.1655218701-372504397.1647012599"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F7WH-X2JR-33HX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:02 – Updated: 2023-01-30 21:30
VLAI
Details

Insufficient policy enforcement in navigation in Google Chrome prior to 79.0.3945.79 allowed a remote attacker to bypass site isolation via a crafted HTML page.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-13738"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-12-10T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Insufficient policy enforcement in navigation in Google Chrome prior to 79.0.3945.79 allowed a remote attacker to bypass site isolation via a crafted HTML page.",
  "id": "GHSA-f7wh-x2jr-33hx",
  "modified": "2023-01-30T21:30:29Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:02:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13738"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:4238"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2019/12/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://crbug.com/1017441"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2Z5M4FPUMDNX2LDPHJKN5ZV5GIS2AKNU"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/N5CIQCVS6E3ULJCNU7YJXJPO2BLQZDTK"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2020/Jan/27"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-08"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4606"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00032.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00036.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F7WM-PR55-WXGM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:20 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01
VLAI
Details

Cloudera Manager 7.2.4 has Incorrect Access Control, allowing Escalation of Privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-30132"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-11-08T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Cloudera Manager 7.2.4 has Incorrect Access Control, allowing Escalation of Privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-f7wm-pr55-wxgm",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:18Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:20:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30132"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.cloudera.com/documentation/other/security-bulletins/topics/Security-Bulletin.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://my.cloudera.com/knowledge/TSB-2021-491-Authorization-Bypass-in-Cloudera-Manager?id=314482"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F842-4GQM-2CPG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-28 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:43
VLAI
Details

Insecure Permissions vulnerability found in MagicJack A921 USB Phone Jack Rev 3.0 v.1.4 allows a physically proximate attacker to escalate privileges and gain access to sensitive information via the NAND flash memory.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-30024"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-28T13:15:13Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Insecure Permissions vulnerability found in MagicJack A921 USB Phone Jack Rev 3.0 v.1.4 allows a physically proximate attacker to escalate privileges and gain access to sensitive information via the NAND flash memory.",
  "id": "GHSA-f842-4gqm-2cpg",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T03:43:33Z",
  "published": "2023-04-28T15:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30024"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1cKd8hksThK610GPtBQ3du8DEkwKywlAi?usp=sharing"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pastebin.com/raw/irWcawp8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://samuraisecurity.co.uk/red-teaming-0x01-click-rce-via-voip-usb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.magicjack.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F87G-RQHG-RQ8R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-16 00:01 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31
VLAI
Details

Windows Setup Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-43237"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-59"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-15T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Windows Setup Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-f87g-rqhg-rq8r",
  "modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:16Z",
  "published": "2021-12-16T00:01:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43237"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-43237"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-018"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F8CQ-8HF3-3HW9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-11 00:00
VLAI
Details

In BIG-IP Versions 17.0.x before 17.0.0.1, 16.1.x before 16.1.3.1, 15.1.x before 15.1.6.1, 14.1.x before 14.1.5.1, and all versions of 13.1.x, certain iRules commands may allow an attacker to bypass the access control restrictions for a self IP address, regardless of the port lockdown settings. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-33962"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-04T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In BIG-IP Versions 17.0.x before 17.0.0.1, 16.1.x before 16.1.3.1, 15.1.x before 15.1.6.1, 14.1.x before 14.1.5.1, and all versions of 13.1.x, certain iRules commands may allow an attacker to bypass the access control restrictions for a self IP address, regardless of the port lockdown settings. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.",
  "id": "GHSA-f8cq-8hf3-3hw9",
  "modified": "2022-08-11T00:00:19Z",
  "published": "2022-08-05T00:00:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33962"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K80970653"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F8HH-555P-7C36

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:46 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:46
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered on Dahua DHI-HCVR7216A-S3 devices with NVR Firmware 3.210.0001.10 2016-06-06, Camera Firmware 2.400.0000.28.R 2016-03-29, and SmartPSS Software 1.16.1 2017-01-19. When SmartPSS Software is launched, while on the login screen, the software in the background automatically logs in as admin. This allows sniffing sensitive information identified in CVE-2017-6341 without prior knowledge of the password. This is a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-6117.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-6342"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-02-27T07:59:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered on Dahua DHI-HCVR7216A-S3 devices with NVR Firmware 3.210.0001.10 2016-06-06, Camera Firmware 2.400.0000.28.R 2016-03-29, and SmartPSS Software 1.16.1 2017-01-19. When SmartPSS Software is launched, while on the login screen, the software in the background automatically logs in as admin. This allows sniffing sensitive information identified in CVE-2017-6341 without prior knowledge of the password. This is a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-6117.",
  "id": "GHSA-f8hh-555p-7c36",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:46:31Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:46:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6342"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nullku7.github.io/stuff/exposure/dahua/2017/02/24/dahua-nvr.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96454"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F8JC-CR4C-WQ3R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:27 – Updated: 2024-01-01 00:30
VLAI
Details

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows Runtime improperly handles objects in memory, aka 'Windows Runtime Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2020-1303.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-1169"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-09-11T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows Runtime improperly handles objects in memory, aka \u0027Windows Runtime Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\u0027. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2020-1303.",
  "id": "GHSA-f8jc-cr4c-wq3r",
  "modified": "2024-01-01T00:30:41Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:27:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1169"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2020-1169"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F8MP-X433-5WPF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-03 21:26 – Updated: 2024-01-03 21:26
VLAI
Summary
Arbitrary remote code execution within `wrangler dev` Workers sandbox
Details

Impact

The V8 inspector intentionally allows arbitrary code execution within the Workers sandbox for debugging. wrangler dev would previously start an inspector server listening on all network interfaces. This would allow an attacker on the local network to connect to the inspector and run arbitrary code. Additionally, the inspector server did not validate Origin/Host headers, granting an attacker that can trick any user on the local network into opening a malicious website the ability to run code. If wrangler dev --remote was being used, an attacker could access production resources if they were bound to the worker.

Patches

This issue was fixed in wrangler@3.19.0 and wrangler@2.20.2. Whilst wrangler dev's inspector server listens on local interfaces by default as of wrangler@3.16.0, an SSRF vulnerability in miniflare allowed access from the local network until wrangler@3.18.0. wrangler@3.19.0 and wrangler@2.20.2 introduced validation for the Origin/Host headers.

Workarounds

Unfortunately, Wrangler doesn't provide any configuration for which host that inspector server should listen on. Please upgrade to at least wrangler@3.16.0, and configure Wrangler to listen on local interfaces instead with wrangler dev --ip 127.0.0.1 to prevent SSRF. This removes the local network as an attack vector, but does not prevent an attack from visiting a malicious website.

References

  • https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/issues/4430
  • https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/pull/4437
  • https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/pull/4535
  • https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/pull/4550
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "wrangler"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.19.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "wrangler"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.20.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-7080"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-03T21:26:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-29T12:15:47Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe V8 inspector intentionally allows arbitrary code execution within the Workers sandbox for debugging. `wrangler dev` would previously start an inspector server listening on all network interfaces. This would allow an attacker on the local network to connect to the inspector and run arbitrary code. Additionally, the inspector server did not validate `Origin`/`Host` headers, granting an attacker that can trick any user on the local network into opening a malicious website the ability to run code. If `wrangler dev --remote` was being used, an attacker could access production resources if they were bound to the worker.\n\n### Patches\nThis issue was fixed in `wrangler@3.19.0` and `wrangler@2.20.2`. Whilst `wrangler dev`\u0027s inspector server listens on local interfaces by default as of `wrangler@3.16.0`, an [SSRF vulnerability in `miniflare`](https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/security/advisories/GHSA-fwvg-2739-22v7) allowed access from the local network until `wrangler@3.18.0`. `wrangler@3.19.0` and `wrangler@2.20.2` introduced validation for the `Origin`/`Host` headers.\n\n### Workarounds\nUnfortunately, Wrangler doesn\u0027t provide any configuration for which host that inspector server should listen on. Please upgrade to at least `wrangler@3.16.0`, and configure Wrangler to listen on local interfaces instead with `wrangler dev --ip 127.0.0.1` to prevent SSRF. This removes the local network as an attack vector, but does not prevent an attack from visiting a malicious website.\n\n### References\n- https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/issues/4430\n- https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/pull/4437\n- https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/pull/4535\n- https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/pull/4550\n",
  "id": "GHSA-f8mp-x433-5wpf",
  "modified": "2024-01-03T21:26:50Z",
  "published": "2024-01-03T21:26:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/security/advisories/GHSA-f8mp-x433-5wpf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7080"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/issues/4430"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/pull/4437"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/pull/4535"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/pull/4550"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/commit/05b1bbd2f5b8e60268e30c276067c3a3ae1239cf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/commit/29df8e17545bf3926b6d61678b596be809d40c6d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/commit/49a469601adaa9eb9e1f2d6de197c1979d5c6c1b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/commit/63708a94fb7a055bf15fa963f2d598b47b11d3c0"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Arbitrary remote code execution within `wrangler dev` Workers sandbox"
}

GHSA-F8QM-9XXP-9J3M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-16 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-24 00:00
VLAI
Details

Windows NTFS Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2021-43229, CVE-2021-43230.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-43231"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-15T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Windows NTFS Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2021-43229, CVE-2021-43230.",
  "id": "GHSA-f8qm-9xxp-9j3m",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T00:00:44Z",
  "published": "2021-12-16T00:01:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43231"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-43231"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-48
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

Follow the principle of least privilege when assigning access rights to entities in a software system.

Mitigation MIT-49
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

Consider following the principle of separation of privilege. Require multiple conditions to be met before permitting access to a system resource.

CAPEC-122: Privilege Abuse

An adversary is able to exploit features of the target that should be reserved for privileged users or administrators but are exposed to use by lower or non-privileged accounts. Access to sensitive information and functionality must be controlled to ensure that only authorized users are able to access these resources.

CAPEC-233: Privilege Escalation

An adversary exploits a weakness enabling them to elevate their privilege and perform an action that they are not supposed to be authorized to perform.

CAPEC-58: Restful Privilege Elevation

An adversary identifies a Rest HTTP (Get, Put, Delete) style permission method allowing them to perform various malicious actions upon server data due to lack of access control mechanisms implemented within the application service accepting HTTP messages.