Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

13057 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-14635 (GCVE-0-2026-14635)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-04 16:30 – Updated: 2026-07-06 16:24 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
kirilkirkov Ecommerce-CodeIgniter-Bootstrap Vendor Multi-Image Endpoint AddProduct.php path traversal
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in kirilkirkov Ecommerce-CodeIgniter-Bootstrap up to 222ff31c06687b1c6d0e1ab63953f82c3674c52b. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file application/modules/vendor/controllers/AddProduct.php of the component Vendor Multi-Image Endpoint. Performing a manipulation of the argument folder results in path traversal. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The patch is named 2a9497ff11f36e573ad99e1c357ff0e6ded49745. Applying a patch is the recommended action to fix this issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kirilkirkov Ecommerce-CodeIgniter-Bootstrap Affected: 222ff31c06687b1c6d0e1ab63953f82c3674c52b
    cpe:2.3:a:kirilkirkov:ecommerce-codeigniter-bootstrap:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
VulDB GitHub Commit Analyzer
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-14628 (GCVE-0-2026-14628)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-04 13:00 – Updated: 2026-07-06 16:25
VLAI
Title
NousResearch hermes-agent Live Webhook Endpoint base.py extract_media path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in NousResearch hermes-agent up to 2026.5.16. This impacts the function extract_media of the file gateway/platforms/base.py of the component Live Webhook Endpoint. Performing a manipulation results in path traversal. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/376144 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/376144/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-14628 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/845599 third-party-advisory
https://gist.github.com/YLChen-007/8af7eff27b50be… exploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
NousResearch hermes-agent Affected: 2026.5.0
Affected: 2026.5.1
Affected: 2026.5.2
Affected: 2026.5.3
Affected: 2026.5.4
Affected: 2026.5.5
Affected: 2026.5.6
Affected: 2026.5.7
Affected: 2026.5.8
Affected: 2026.5.9
Affected: 2026.5.10
Affected: 2026.5.11
Affected: 2026.5.12
Affected: 2026.5.13
Affected: 2026.5.14
Affected: 2026.5.15
Affected: 2026.5.16
    cpe:2.3:a:nousresearch:hermes-agent:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Eric-a (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-14500 (GCVE-0-2026-14500)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 05:34 – Updated: 2026-07-08 15:04
VLAI
Title
Bulk Order Update for WooCommerce <= 1.6 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read via 'csv_url' Parameter
Summary
The Bulk Order Update for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Read in versions up to, and including, 1.6. This is due to the bouw_fetch_csv_data() AJAX handler being registered on the wp_ajax_nopriv_ hook with no capability or nonce check, and passing the attacker-supplied csv_url POST parameter — filtered only by esc_url_raw() (which leaves absolute filesystem paths intact) and validate_file() (which only rejects '..' traversal patterns) — directly into fopen()/fgetcsv() and reflecting the first parsed line in the JSON response. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read the first line of arbitrary files on the server (such as /etc/passwd) and to use the handler as a file-existence oracle.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Impacted products
Credits
nthng
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-14487 (GCVE-0-2026-14487)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 04:30 – Updated: 2026-07-08 13:12
VLAI
Title
Simple Coherent Form <= 2.4.13 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion via 'id' Parameter
Summary
The Simple Coherent Form plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion due to insufficient file path validation in the removeUploadDir function in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.13. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary files on the server, which can easily lead to remote code execution when the right file is deleted (such as wp-config.php). The scf_get_id_upload endpoint freely issues a valid scf_upload_file_removal nonce to any unauthenticated visitor, and the removal endpoint's secondary hash check is forgeable offline because it relies on a hardcoded salt embedded in the plugin source, meaning neither control presents a real authorization boundary.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
tombgtn Simple Coherent Form Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.13 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
CHOIGYEONGMIN
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-14468 (GCVE-0-2026-14468)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-06 20:59 – Updated: 2026-07-07 13:52
VLAI
Title
Path traversal allows arbitrary file read in Terraform Enterprise container
Summary
HashiCorp Terraform Enterprise contained an issue in its version control system (VCS) ingestion of registry modules that did not correctly enforce the intended boundary on packaged module content. This may allow an authenticated user to include files from outside the intended repository content in a module and then download them, potentially exposing sensitive files readable by the ingestion process. This vulnerability, CVE-2026-14468, is fixed in Terraform Enterprise v2.0.4 and v1.2.4.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (Path Traversal)
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HashiCorp Terraform Enterprise Affected: 1.0.0 , < 2.0.4 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
This issue was identified by the Terraform Enterprise engineering team.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-14439 (GCVE-0-2026-14439)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 23:05 – Updated: 2026-07-02 12:25
VLAI
Title
Path Traversal in Altium Git Service Allows Remote Code Execution
Summary
A path traversal vulnerability exists in the Git Service component shared by Altium Enterprise Server and Altium 365. The service accepts a sequence of post-clone file-manipulation operations that use user-supplied paths without validation, allowing an authenticated user with basic git access to move arbitrary files outside the intended repository area. This file-move primitive can be used to place attacker-controlled script content into directories where it is later executed by the service, resulting in remote code execution under the Git Service account. On multi-tenant Altium 365 deployments, this could have allowed access to data belonging to other tenants on the same infrastructure node. Altium Enterprise Server is fixed in 8.1.1. The issue has been remediated across Altium 365 shared multi-tenant deployments at the service level; remediation is in progress on remaining Altium 365 deployments.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-06-09 20:25
Credits
Joris Aerts, Tesla Inc.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-14372 (GCVE-0-2026-14372)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 09:31 – Updated: 2026-07-09 12:31
VLAI
Title
Bit Form <= 3.1.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion via '_old' Parameter
Summary
The Bit Form – Contact Form, Payment Forms, Multi Step Forms, Calculator & Custom Form Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion due to insufficient file path validation in the deleteFiles function in all versions up to, and including, 3.1.1 This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary files on the server, which can easily lead to remote code execution when the right file is deleted (such as wp-config).
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Credits
Athiwat Tiprasaharn (Jitlada) Itthidej Aramsri (Boeing777)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-14352 (GCVE-0-2026-14352)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-03 04:30 – Updated: 2026-07-06 16:24
VLAI
Title
AR for WooCommerce <= 8.40 - Unauthenticated Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Read via 'file' Parameter
Summary
The AR for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 8.40 via the 'file' parameter parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information. The three intended access controls all fail: valid nonces are freely minted by unauthenticated callers via the nopriv ar_get_fresh_nonce and ar_process_user_image AJAX handlers; the AES-256-CBC encryption key is derived from get_option('ar_licence_key'), which returns false on default free installations and yields a predictable key attackers can use to encrypt their own path payloads; and the Referer check is trivially bypassed because the Referer header is attacker-controlled.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
webandprint AR for WooCommerce Affected: 0 , ≤ 8.40 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
CHOIGYEONGMIN
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-14327 (GCVE-0-2026-14327)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-03 01:28 – Updated: 2026-07-06 14:46
VLAI
Title
AR for WordPress <= 8.40 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read via 'file' Parameter
Summary
The AR for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 8.40 via the 'file' parameter parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information. Exploitation requires an attacker to first obtain a valid nonce and secure nonce via the publicly accessible ar_get_fresh_nonce and ar_process_user_image nopriv AJAX handlers, and to reproduce the encryption key locally — both steps are fully achievable by an unauthenticated attacker on any default free or unlicensed installation where ar_licence_key is unset.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
webandprint AR for WordPress Affected: 0 , ≤ 8.40 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
CHOIGYEONGMIN
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-14244 (GCVE-0-2026-14244)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 04:30 – Updated: 2026-07-08 15:08
VLAI
Title
Jssor Slider by jssor.com <= 3.1.24 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read via 'url' Parameter
Summary
The Jssor Slider by jssor.com plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 3.1.24 via the 'url' parameter parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jssor Jssor Slider by jssor.com Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.1.24 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Nabil Irawan
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
  • Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
  • realpath() in C
  • getCanonicalPath() in Java
  • GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
  • realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
  • realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
  • This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
  • In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.