Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
14139 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-53452 (GCVE-0-2026-53452)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 14:44 – Updated: 2026-08-25 02:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Ground Station: Unauthenticated out-of-containment file read via `sigmfplayback` `recordingPath`
Summary
Ground Station is a browser-based suite for satellite tracking, SDR reception, hardware control, and telemetry decoding. Prior to version 0.4.13, the unauthenticated configure-sdr Socket.IO command accepts a recordingPath for the sigmf-playback SDR and backend/handlers/entities/sdr.py stores it without validation before backend/hardware/sigmfprobe.py opens the path without enforcing containment. An absolute path or parent-directory escape ending in .sigmf-meta is parsed as JSON and returned in reply["data"]["metadata"] by the get-sdr-parameters flow. Exploitation requires the metadata file to be readable JSON and to have a sibling .sigmf-data file, but it can disclose contents outside backend/data/recordings without authentication. This issue is fixed in version 0.4.13.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 02:04 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sgoudelis/ground-station/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sgoudelis/ground-station/commi… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sgoudelis/ground-station/relea… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sgoudelis | ground-station |
Affected:
< 0.4.13
|
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CVE-2026-53451 (GCVE-0-2026-53451)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 14:45 – Updated: 2026-08-21 19:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Ground Station: Unauthenticated arbitrary file write (path traversal) in save-waterfall-snapshot leads to remote code execution
Summary
Ground Station is a browser-based suite for satellite tracking, SDR reception, hardware control, and telemetry decoding. Prior to version 0.4.13, the unauthenticated save-waterfall-snapshot Socket.IO command passes attacker-controlled snapshotName input from backend/handlers/entities/sdr.py to backend/server/snapshots.py, where os.path.join permits an absolute path or parent-directory traversal and writes attacker-controlled base64-decoded bytes outside backend/data/snapshots. An attacker can write a logging YAML file containing a logging.config.dictConfig callable factory, use the unauthenticated update-app-config operation to set log_config to that file, and invoke restart_service. During restart, backend/common/logger.py passes the YAML through resolve_log_config_path(), yaml.safe_load(), and logging.config.dictConfig(), which executes the factory with service privileges and can also cause a persistent crash loop. This issue is fixed in version 0.4.13.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 19:32 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sgoudelis/ground-station/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sgoudelis/ground-station/commi… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sgoudelis/ground-station/relea… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sgoudelis | ground-station |
Affected:
< 0.4.13
|
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CVE-2026-52902 (GCVE-0-2026-52902)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 09:33 – Updated: 2026-08-24 20:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Awxkit: path traversal via yaml !include directive
Summary
A path traversal vulnerability was found in awxkit, the CLI tool for AWX. The YAML !include directive does not sanitize file paths, allowing an attacker to craft a malicious YAML file that reads arbitrary YAML-formatted files from the local filesystem when a user imports it using "awx --conf.format yaml import". This is a client-side vulnerability requiring user interaction.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-09 16:07 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59135 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59136 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59137 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-52902 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2486729 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
0:4.6.32-1.el8ap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el8 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:4.6.32-1.el9ap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el8 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:4.7.16-1.el9ap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el10 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el10 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.7 for RHEL 10 |
Unaffected:
0:4.8.6-1.el10ap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.7::el10 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.7::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.7::el10 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.7::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.7::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.7 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:4.8.6-1.el9ap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.7::el10 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.7::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.7::el10 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.7::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.7::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2
|
Date Public
2026-06-09 07:17
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"packageName": "automation-controller-cli",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.7 for RHEL 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
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CVE-2026-52890 (GCVE-0-2026-52890)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 21:07 – Updated: 2026-07-16 12:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Wekan: Arbitrary file read and server DoS via attachment versions.original.path
Summary
Wekan is open source kanban built with Meteor. Prior to 9.31, Wekan allows a logged-in board member to insert an attachment document through the /attachments/insert DDP method with attacker-controlled versions.original.path and versions.original.storage fields. The server/permissions/attachments.js insert rule checks only board write access, and FileStoreStrategyFilesystem.getReadStream() in models/lib/fileStoreStrategy.js streams the stored path without a storage-root containment check, allowing arbitrary file reads and denial of service through special files such as /dev/zero. This issue is fixed in version 9.31.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-16 12:59 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/wekan/wekan/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/wekan/wekan/commit/fc92b342cee… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/wekan/wekan/releases/tag/v9.31 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-52886 (GCVE-0-2026-52886)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 20:09 – Updated: 2026-08-18 15:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Notepad++: session.xml backupFilePath starts_with Bypass
Summary
Notepad++ is a free and open-source source code editor. Prior to 8.9.7, Notepad++ validates the backupFilePath attribute from session.xml with std::wstring::starts_with against the expected backup directory without path normalization, allowing parent-directory sequences during snapshot-mode restoration to read an arbitrary user-readable file outside the backup directory into an editor tab. This issue is fixed in version 8.9.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-18 15:20 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/notepad-plus-plus/notepad-plus… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/notepad-plus-plus/notepad-plus… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/notepad-plus-plus/notepad-plus… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| notepad-plus-plus | notepad-plus-plus |
Affected:
< 8.9.7
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CVE-2026-52875 (GCVE-0-2026-52875)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 21:30 – Updated: 2026-08-25 01:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Streambert: Arbitrary Directory Creation and File Manipulation via Backup Handler
Summary
Streambert is a cross-platform Electron Desktop App to stream and download video content. Prior to 2.6.0, the perform-scheduled-backup IPC handler in src/ipc/storage.js takes settings.path from a renderer-supplied object and uses the resulting directory for fs.mkdirSync, fs.writeFileSync, fs.readdirSync, and fs.unlinkSync operations without checking that it is inside an authorized backup location. A compromised renderer can choose an absolute path or a relative traversal path to create directories and write a streambert-backup-[timestamp].json file containing renderer-controlled data. The pruning loop can also delete files in that directory whose names begin with streambert-backup- and end with .json. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.6.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 01:44 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/truelockmc/streambert/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/truelockmc/streambert/pull/149 | x_refsource_MISC |
| http://github.com/truelockmc/streambert/commit/43… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| truelockmc | streambert |
Affected:
< 2.6.0
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CVE-2026-52872 (GCVE-0-2026-52872)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 21:26 – Updated: 2026-08-19 16:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Streambert: Local File Exfiltration and Overwrite via Subtitle file: Protocol
Summary
Streambert is a cross-platform Electron Desktop App to stream and download video content. Prior to 2.5.0, the downloadSubtitleFile utility in src/ipc/downloads.js, reached through the run-download IPC channel, accepts a renderer-supplied subtitle url using the file: URI scheme and passes its decoded pathname to fs.copyFileSync. The renderer also controls downloadPath, which determines the destination path. A compromised renderer can therefore copy any file readable by the StreamBERT process into an attacker-chosen writable location, exposing sensitive local data, and can overwrite existing writable files. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.0.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-19 16:47 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/truelockmc/streambert/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| truelockmc | streambert |
Affected:
< 2.5.0
|
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CVE-2026-52868 (GCVE-0-2026-52868)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-30 21:06 – Updated: 2026-07-01 15:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OFFIS DCMTK Toolkit Path Traversal
Summary
An unauthenticated attacker can read worklist records from a directory outside the intended per-AE worklist storage area. In a multi-area deployment, this can cross departmental or clinic data separation.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-01 15:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OFFIS DICOM | DCMTK Toolkit |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.7.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-06-30 17:20
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CVE-2026-52844 (GCVE-0-2026-52844)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 17:50 – Updated: 2026-06-23 20:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Caddy: Windows `file_server` path authorization bypass via encoded backslash
Summary
Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. Prior to 2.11.4, on Windows, Caddy path matchers treat /private\secret.txt as outside /private/*, but file_server later resolves the same request path as private\secret.txt on disk. An unauthenticated remote client can bypass Caddy path-scoped auth/deny routes protecting /private/*. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.11.4.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-23 20:05 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| caddyserver | caddy |
Affected:
< 2.11.4
|
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CVE-2026-52830 (GCVE-0-2026-52830)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 20:39 – Updated: 2026-07-06 14:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
fast-mcp-telegram: Bearer token path traversal bypasses reserved Telegram session protection
Summary
fast-mcp-telegram is a Telegram MCP Server. Prior to 0.19.1, fast-mcp-telegram validates HTTP Bearer tokens by joining the raw token string into a session-file path. The verifier rejects the exact reserved token telegram, but it does not reject path separators or normalize the path before checking whether the session file exists. A remote HTTP client can therefore authenticate as the default legacy session with a token such as ../fast-mcp-telegram/telegram when the documented default session file ~/.config/fast-mcp-telegram/telegram.session exists. This bypasses the reserved session name control that is intended to prevent HTTP multi-user sessions from colliding with the default stdio or legacy account. With account-prefixed MCP tools enabled, the attacker still sees and calls the prefixed tools for the default account, so the prefix middleware does not stop the session selection bypass. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.19.1.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 14:35 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://web.archive.org/web/20250926152207/https:… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rxw2-pc8j-vxwm | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| leshchenko1979 | fast-mcp-telegram |
Affected:
< 0.19.1
|
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},
{
"name": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rxw2-pc8j-vxwm",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rxw2-pc8j-vxwm"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-rxw2-pc8j-vxwm",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "fast-mcp-telegram: Bearer token path traversal bypasses reserved Telegram session protection"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-52830",
"datePublished": "2026-07-02T20:39:35.927Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-08T18:11:06.662Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-06T14:36:02.848Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.