Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
13235 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-12217 (GCVE-0-2024-12217)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-20 10:11 – Updated: 2025-03-20 15:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Path Traversal in gradio-app/gradio
Summary
A vulnerability in the gradio-app/gradio repository, version git 67e4044, allows for path traversal on Windows OS. The implementation of the blocked_path functionality, which is intended to disallow users from reading certain files, is flawed. Specifically, while the application correctly blocks access to paths like 'C:/tmp/secret.txt', it fails to block access when using NTFS Alternate Data Streams (ADS) syntax, such as 'C:/tmp/secret.txt::$DATA'. This flaw can lead to unauthorized reading of blocked file paths.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| gradio-app | gradio-app/gradio |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ latest
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-12152 (GCVE-0-2024-12152)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-07 09:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MIPL WC Multisite Sync <= 1.1.5 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Download
Summary
The MIPL WC Multisite Sync plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.5 via the 'mipl_wc_sync_download_log' action. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mulika | MIPL Multistore Sync for WooCommerce. Sync Products, Stock and Orders. |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.1.5
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-12105 (GCVE-0-2024-12105)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-31 10:32 – Updated: 2025-01-08 13:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WhatsUp Gold - SnmpExtendedActiveMonitor path traversal
Summary
In WhatsUp Gold versions released before 2024.0.2, an authenticated user can use a specially crafted HTTP request that can lead to information disclosure.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Progress Software Corporation | WhatsUp Gold |
Affected:
2023.1.0 , < 2024.0.2
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-12088 (GCVE-0-2024-12088)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-14 17:38 – Updated: 2026-06-29 23:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rsync: --safe-links option bypass leads to path traversal
Summary
A flaw was found in rsync. When using the `--safe-links` option, the rsync client fails to properly verify if a symbolic link destination sent from the server contains another symbolic link within it. This results in a path traversal vulnerability, which may lead to arbitrary file write outside the desired directory.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
11 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHBA-2025:6470 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:2600 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:7050 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:8385 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-12088 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2330676 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/952657 | |
| https://github.com/google/security-research/secur… | exploit |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2025013… | |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… | |
| https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/952657 |
Impacted products
8 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.3.0
(semver)
|
|||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:3.4.1-2.el10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:3.1.3-21.el8_10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:3.2.5-3.el9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Discovery 1.14 |
Unaffected:
1.14.2-1748467619 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:1.14::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4 |
Date Public
2025-01-14 15:06
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CVE-2024-12087 (GCVE-0-2024-12087)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-14 17:57 – Updated: 2026-06-29 23:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rsync: path traversal vulnerability in rsync
Summary
A path traversal vulnerability exists in rsync. It stems from behavior enabled by the `--inc-recursive` option, a default-enabled option for many client options and can be enabled by the server even if not explicitly enabled by the client. When using the `--inc-recursive` option, a lack of proper symlink verification coupled with deduplication checks occurring on a per-file-list basis could allow a server to write files outside of the client's intended destination directory. A malicious server could write malicious files to arbitrary locations named after valid directories/paths on the client.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
20 references
Impacted products
19 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.3.0
(semver)
|
|||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:3.4.1-2.el10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Extended Lifecycle Support - EXTENSION |
Unaffected:
0:3.0.6-12.el6_10.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support |
Unaffected:
0:3.1.2-12.el7_9.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:3.1.3-21.el8_10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Advanced Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:3.1.3-7.el8_2.6 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.2::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:3.1.3-12.el8_4.6 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
0:3.1.3-12.el8_4.6 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:3.1.3-14.el8_6.9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
0:3.1.3-14.el8_6.9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:3.1.3-14.el8_6.9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
0:3.1.3-20.el8_8.4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:3.1.3-20.el8_8.4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:3.2.5-3.el9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:3.2.3-9.el9_0.4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:3.2.3-19.el9_2.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:3.2.3-19.el9_4.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Discovery 1.14 |
Unaffected:
1.14.2-1748467619 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:1.14::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4 |
Date Public
2025-01-14 15:06
Credits
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CVE-2024-12083 (GCVE-0-2024-12083)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-14 00:46 – Updated: 2025-05-06 23:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Path Traversal Vulnerabilities in NJ/NX-series Machine Automation Controllers
Summary
Path Traversal Vulnerabilities (CWE-22) exist in NJ/NX-series Machine Automation Controllers. An attacker may use these vulnerabilities to perform unauthorized access and to execute unauthorized code remotely to the controller products.
Severity
6.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
15 products
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CVE-2024-12065 (GCVE-0-2024-12065)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-20 10:09 – Updated: 2025-10-15 12:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Local File Inclusion in haotian-liu/llava
Summary
A local file inclusion vulnerability exists in haotian-liu/llava at commit c121f04. This vulnerability allows an attacker to access any file on the system by sending multiple crafted requests to the server. The issue is due to improper input validation in the gradio web UI component.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| haotian-liu | haotian-liu/llava |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ latest
(custom)
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CVE-2024-12035 (GCVE-0-2024-12035)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-07 08:21 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CS Framework <= 7.0 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion
Summary
The CS Framework plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion due to insufficient file path validation in the cs_widget_file_delete() function in all versions up to, and including, 6.9. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary files on the server, which can easily lead to remote code execution when the right file is deleted (such as wp-config.php).
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpstudio | CS Framework |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 7.0
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-11992 (GCVE-0-2024-11992)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-29 13:06 – Updated: 2024-11-29 13:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Path traversal vulnerability in Quick.CMS
Summary
Absolute path traversal vulnerability in Quick.CMS, version 6.7, the exploitation of which could allow remote users to bypass the intended restrictions and download any file if it has the appropriate permissions outside of documentroot configured on the server via the aDirFiles%5B0%5D parameter in the admin.php page. This vulnerability allows an attacker to delete files stored on the server due to a lack of proper verification of user-supplied input.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
Date Public
2024-11-29 11:00
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CVE-2024-11952 (GCVE-0-2024-11952)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-04 08:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Classic Addons – WPBakery Page Builder <= 3.0 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Limited Local PHP File Inclusion
Summary
The Classic Addons – WPBakery Page Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Limited Local PHP File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 3.0 via the 'style' parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, and permissions granted by an Administrator, to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included. The vulnerability is limited to PHP files in a Windows environment.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| webcodingplace | Classic Addons – WPBakery Page Builder |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.0
(semver)
|
|
| webcodingplace | classic_addons_wp_bakery_page_builder_plugin_for_wordpress |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.0
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:webcodingplace:classic_addons_wp_bakery_page_builder_plugin_for_wordpress:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.