Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

15937 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-106490 (GCVE-0-2026-106490)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 20:41 – Updated: 2026-10-07 17:06
VLAI
Title
Backstage: Improper input validation in TechDocs static content requests
Summary
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 2.2.4, the @backstage/plugin-techdocs-backend package is affected by improper input validation in techdocs static content requests. When using the Azure Blob Storage provider, an authenticated Backstage user may be able to read restricted TechDocs content when entity-level permissions are enabled. Deployments that intentionally disable the default backend authentication policy may have broader exposure. This issue is fixed in version 2.2.4.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 15:27 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-23 - Relative Path Traversal
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7904 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-106489 (GCVE-0-2026-106489)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 20:39 – Updated: 2026-10-07 15:29
VLAI
Title
Backstage: Improper authorization enforcement for TechDocs static content
Summary
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 2.2.4, the @backstage/plugin-techdocs-backend package is affected by improper authorization enforcement for techdocs static content. An authenticated user with access to one TechDocs documentation site could craft a URL able to read documentation belonging to a different entity. This only affects deployments using the external TechDocs builder with an external storage provider (S3, GCS, etc.) and the permission framework enabled. Instances that do not use the permission framework are unaffected, since TechDocs content is visible to all authenticated users by design. This issue is fixed in version 2.2.4.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 15:27 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7904 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-106486 (GCVE-0-2026-106486)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 20:35 – Updated: 2026-10-07 16:22
VLAI
Title
Backstage: Improper filesystem validation in Bitbucket pull-request scaffolder actions
Summary
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 0.3.10 in @backstage/plugin-scaffolder-backend-module-bitbucket-cloud and 0.2.25 in @backstage/plugin-scaffolder-backend-module-bitbucket-server, the Bitbucket pull-request Scaffolder actions did not sufficiently validate filesystem paths. An authenticated user who can execute an eligible template and influence an allowed Bitbucket repository could affect paths outside the expected working area, potentially compromising backend confidentiality, integrity, or availability. This issue is fixed in @backstage/plugin-scaffolder-backend-module-bitbucket-cloud 0.3.10 and @backstage/plugin-scaffolder-backend-module-bitbucket-server 0.2.25.
Severity
8.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 16:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7904 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-106173 (GCVE-0-2026-106173)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 17:37 – Updated: 2026-10-21 03:56
VLAI
Summary
A improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory ('path traversal') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSIEM 7.5.0 may allow attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Execute unauthorized code or commands
Assigner
fortinet CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 58 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Fortinet FortiSIEM Affected: 7.5.0
Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.2 (semver)
Affected: 7.3.0 , ≤ 7.3.5 (semver)
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.7 (semver)
Affected: 7.1.0 , ≤ 7.1.9 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.4 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.3.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.1.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.1.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.1.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisiem:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
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CVE-2026-106109 (GCVE-0-2026-106109)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 17:32 – Updated: 2026-10-06 19:43
VLAI
Title
Quasar Framework: App Vite build cleanup can recursively remove unsafe configured output directories
Summary
Quasar Framework is a framework for building high-performance Vue.js user interfaces. From 1.0.0 until 3.3.0, @quasar/app-vite recursively removed the resolved build.distDir before building without rejecting the project root, user home directory, filesystem roots, or symlink-resolved external directories. An unsafe trusted configuration can delete data writable by the build user before compilation begins. No attacker-controlled input reaches build.distDir by default, so exploitation requires compromised or less-trusted automation to influence build configuration, or a developer to run a mistaken configuration. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0.
Severity
4.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 19:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7904 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
quasarframework quasar Affected: >= 2.7.0, < 2.23.3
Create a notification for this product.
@quasar app-vite Affected: >= 1.0.0, < 3.3.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-106108 (GCVE-0-2026-106108)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 14:55 – Updated: 2026-10-13 20:22
VLAI
Title
Quasar Framework: App Vite SSG page output paths can escape the configured distribution directory
Summary
Quasar Framework is a framework for building high-performance Vue.js user interfaces. From 3.1.0 until 3.3.0, @quasar/app-vite SSG page definitions returned by getSsgPages() could supply dir and filename values that were joined to build.distDir without verifying the final destination. Parent traversal or an existing symlink below the distribution directory could create new HTML files or directories outside the output tree with the build user's permissions. Application configuration and SSG page definitions are trusted by default, so exploitation requires a build process that derives them from external or otherwise less-trusted content; existing files remain protected by the renderer's no-overwrite behavior. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0.
Severity
5.7 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 20:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7904 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
quasarframework quasar Affected: >= 2.22.0, < 2.23.3
Create a notification for this product.
@quasar app-vite Affected: >= 3.1.0, < 3.3.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-106103 (GCVE-0-2026-106103)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 17:11 – Updated: 2026-10-06 19:42
VLAI
Title
Quasar Framework: Path Traversal / Arbitrary File Write via crafted Icon Genie profile
Summary
Quasar Framework is a framework for building high-performance Vue.js user interfaces. Prior to @quasar/icongenie 6.1.1, the icongenie generate --profile command accepted folder and name values from a user-supplied profile without constraining the resolved destination to the Quasar project directory. icongenie/lib/utils/get-assets-files.js joined those values with appDir, while icongenie/lib/utils/validate-profile-object.js required only non-empty strings, allowing parent-directory traversal. A developer who runs a crafted profile can cause generated image content to be written or overwritten at any path writable by that user, potentially modifying shell startup files, build scripts, or other executable configuration. This issue is fixed in version 6.1.1.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 19:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7904 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-106047 (GCVE-0-2026-106047)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 16:19 – Updated: 2026-10-13 19:31
VLAI
Summary
A Path Traversal vulnerability in the template export functionality of Ivanti Xtraction before version 2026.4 allows a remote authenticated attacker to read arbitrary files.
Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 17:05 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
ivanti CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 63/100 over 35 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ivanti Xtraction Unaffected: 2026.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-106034 (GCVE-0-2026-106034)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 16:04 – Updated: 2026-10-13 19:31
VLAI
Summary
A Path Traversal vulnerability in Ivanti Xtraction before version 2026.4 allows a remote authenticated attacker to create, modify, arbitrary directories the host file system.
Severity
5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 16:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
ivanti CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 63/100 over 35 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ivanti Xtraction Unaffected: 2026.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-105947 (GCVE-0-2026-105947)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 11:45 – Updated: 2026-10-26 14:35
VLAI
Title
Arbitrary File Read in Innotim Software's Logsign SIEM
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in Innotim Software, Telecommunications, and Consulting Co. Ltd. Logsign SIEM allows Path Traversal. This issue affects Logsign SIEM: from 6.4.120 before 6.4.122.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 13:18 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 267 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-26 11:37
Credits
Deniz Bektaş
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
  • Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
  • realpath() in C
  • getCanonicalPath() in Java
  • GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
  • realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
  • realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
  • This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
  • In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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