Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
13140 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-34238 (GCVE-0-2025-34238)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-06 19:43 – Updated: 2025-11-17 19:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Advantech WebAccess/VPN < 1.1.5 Path Traversal via AjaxStandaloneVpnClientsController.ajaxDownloadRoadWarriorConfigFileAction()
Summary
Advantech WebAccess/VPN versions prior to 1.1.5 contain an absolute path traversal via AjaxStandaloneVpnClientsController.ajaxDownloadRoadWarriorConfigFileAction() that allows an authenticated network administrator to cause the application to read and return the contents of arbitrary files the web user (www-data) can access.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://icr.advantech.com/support/router-models/d… | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/advantech-we… | third-party-advisory |
| https://icr.advantech.com/download/software | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Advantech | WebAccess/VPN |
Affected:
0 , < 1.1.5
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-34185 (GCVE-0-2025-34185)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-16 19:44 – Updated: 2026-05-25 23:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Ilevia EVE X1 Server 4.7.18.0.eden Unauthenticated File Disclosure
Summary
Ilevia EVE X1 Server version ≤ 4.7.18.0.eden contains a pre-authentication file disclosure vulnerability via the 'db_log' POST parameter. Remote attackers can retrieve arbitrary files from the server, exposing sensitive system information and credentials.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ilevia.com/ | product |
| https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://packetstorm.news/files/id/207716/ | exploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ilevia-eve-x… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ilevia Srl. | EVE X1 Server |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.7.18.0.eden
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-34181 (GCVE-0-2025-34181)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-15 14:42 – Updated: 2026-05-14 02:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NetSupport Manager < 14.12.0001 Authenticated Path Traversal Arbitrary File Write RCE
Summary
NetSupport Manager < 14.12.0001 contains an arbitrary file write vulnerability in its Connectivity Server/Gateway PUTFILE request handler. An attacker with a valid Gateway Key can supply a crafted filename containing directory traversal sequences to write files to arbitrary locations on the server. This can be leveraged to place attacker-controlled DLLs or executables in privileged paths and achieve remote code execution in the context of the NetSupport Manager connectivity service.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.netsupportsoftware.com/knowledge-base/… | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netsupport-m… | third-party-advisory |
| https://ret2.me/post/2025-12-04-exploiting-netsup… | technical-descriptionexploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NetSupport Software | Manager |
Affected:
0 , < 14.12.0001
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-34176 (GCVE-0-2025-34176)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-09 20:14 – Updated: 2026-07-14 22:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Netgate pfSense CE Suricata Package v7.0.8_2 Directory Traversal Information Disclosure
Summary
In pfSense CE /suricata/suricata_ip_reputation.php, the value of the iplist parameter is not sanitized of directory traversal-related strings/characters. This value is directly used in a file existence check operation. While the contents of the file cannot be read, the server reveals whether the file exists, which enables an attacker to enumerate files on the target. The attacker must be authenticated with at least "WebCfg - Services: suricata package" permissions.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pfsense/FreeBSD-ports/commit/9… | patch |
| https://redmine.pfsense.org/issues/16414 | issue-tracking |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgate-pf-s… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Netgate | pfSense CE |
Affected:
7.0.8_2
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-34173 (GCVE-0-2025-34173)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-09 19:59 – Updated: 2026-07-14 22:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Netgate pfSense CE Snort package v4.1.6_25 Directory Traversal Information Disclosure
Summary
In pfSense CE /usr/local/www/snort/snort_ip_reputation.php, the value of the iplist parameter is not sanitized of directory traversal-related characters/strings before being used to check if a file exists. While the contents of the file cannot be read, the server reveals whether a file exists, which allows an attacker to enumerate files on the target. The attacker must be authenticated with at least "WebCfg - Services: Snort package" permissions.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pfsense/FreeBSD-ports/commit/d… | patch |
| https://redmine.pfsense.org/issues/16412 | issue-tracking |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgate-pf-s… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Netgate | pfSense CE |
Affected:
4.1.6_25
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-34154 (GCVE-0-2025-34154)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-13 21:04 – Updated: 2026-05-15 11:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
UnForm Server Manager < 10.1.12 Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read
Summary
UnForm Server Manager versions prior to 10.1.12 expose an unauthenticated file read vulnerability via its log file analysis interface. The flaw resides in the arc endpoint, which accepts a fl parameter to specify the log file to be opened. Due to insufficient input validation and lack of path sanitization, attackers can supply relative paths to access arbitrary files on the host system — including sensitive OS-level files — without authentication.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gist.github.com/Janrdrz/3cf67a9ad488e07ce… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://unform.com/download/uf101_readme.txt | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://synergetic-data.com/ | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/unform-serve… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Synergetic Data Systems Inc. | UnForm Server Manager |
Affected:
0 , < 10.1.12
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-34126 (GCVE-0-2025-34126)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-16 21:10 – Updated: 2026-07-14 22:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
RIPS Scanner v0.54 Path Traversal
Summary
A path traversal vulnerability exists in RIPS Scanner version 0.54. The vulnerability allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files on the system with the privileges of the web server by sending crafted HTTP GET requests to the 'windows/code.php' script with a manipulated 'file' parameter. This can lead to disclosure of sensitive information.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://codesec.blogspot.com/2015/03/rips-scanner… | third-party-advisoryexploit |
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18660 | exploit |
| https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasplo… | exploit |
| https://rips-scanner.sourceforge.net/ | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/rips-scanner… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RIPS Technologies | RIPS Scanner |
Affected:
0.54
|
Date Public
2012-03-24 00:00
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CVE-2025-34120 (GCVE-0-2025-34120)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-16 21:05 – Updated: 2025-11-19 14:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LimeSurvey 2.0+ - 2.06+ Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Download via Serialized Backup Payload
Summary
An unauthenticated file download vulnerability exists in LimeSurvey versions from 2.0+ up to and including 2.06+ Build 151014. The application fails to validate serialized input to the admin backup endpoint (`index.php/admin/update/sa/backup`), allowing attackers to specify arbitrary file paths using a crafted `datasupdateinfo` payload. The files are packaged in a ZIP archive and made available for download without authentication. This vulnerability can be exploited to read arbitrary files on the host system, including sensitive OS and configuration files.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://web.archive.org/web/20210123073627/https:… | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/advisor… | third-party-advisorytechnical-description |
| https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasplo… | exploit |
| https://packetstorm.news/files/id/180855 | exploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/limesurvey-u… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LimeSurvey GmbH | LimeSurvey |
Affected:
2.0+ , ≤ 2.06+ Build 151014
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-34118 (GCVE-0-2025-34118)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-16 21:03 – Updated: 2026-05-15 11:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Linknat VOS Manager Path Traversal File Disclosure
Summary
A path traversal vulnerability exists in Linknat VOS Manager versions prior to 2.1.9.07, including VOS2009 and early VOS3000 builds, that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to read arbitrary files on the server. The vulnerability is accessible via multiple localized subpaths such as '/eng/', '/chs/', or '/cht/', where the 'js/lang_en_us.js' or equivalent files are loaded. By injecting encoded traversal sequences such as '%c0%ae%c0%ae' into the request path, attackers can bypass input validation and disclose sensitive files.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| http://www.linknat.com/ | product |
| https://web.archive.org/web/20151013001957/http:/… | third-party-advisory |
| https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasplo… | exploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/linknat-vos-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linknat Technology | VOS Manager |
Affected:
0 , ≤ VOS2009
(custom)
Affected: 0 , ≤ VOS3000 2.1.9.06 (custom) |
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CVE-2025-34110 (GCVE-0-2025-34110)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-15 13:01 – Updated: 2026-05-15 11:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ColoradoFTP Server <= 1.3 Build 8 Path Traversal Information Disclosure
Summary
A directory traversal vulnerability exists in ColoradoFTP Server ≤ 1.3 Build 8 for Windows, allowing unauthenticated attackers to read or write arbitrary files outside the configured FTP root directory. The flaw is due to insufficient sanitation of user-supplied file paths in the FTP GET and PUT command handlers. Exploitation is possible by submitting traversal sequences during FTP operations, enabling access to system-sensitive files. This issue affects only the Windows version of ColoradoFTP.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasplo… | exploit |
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40231 | exploit |
| https://bitbucket.org/nolife/coloradoftp/commits/… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/colorado-ftp… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ColoradoFTP | Server |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.3 Build 8
(custom)
|
Date Public
2016-08-11 00:00
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"cweId": "CWE-552",
"description": "CWE-552 Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
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]
},
{
"descriptions": [
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"description": "CWE-306 Missing Authentication for Critical Function",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
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],
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"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/master/modules/auxiliary/scanner/ftp/colorado_ftp_traversal.rb"
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"tags": [
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"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40231"
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"url": "https://bitbucket.org/nolife/coloradoftp/commits/16a60c4a74ef477cd8c16ca82442eaab2fbe8c86"
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"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/colorado-ftp-server-path-traversal-information-disclosure"
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"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
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"title": "ColoradoFTP Server \u003c= 1.3 Build 8 Path Traversal Information Disclosure",
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"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-34110",
"datePublished": "2025-07-15T13:01:10.712Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-15T19:15:22.560Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-15T11:14:43.329Z",
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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.