Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

13131 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-46486 (GCVE-0-2025-46486)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-23 12:43 – Updated: 2026-05-12 00:19
VLAI
Title
WordPress Nomupay Payment Processing Gateway plugin <= 7.1.7 - Arbitrary File Download Vulnerability
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in totalprocessing Nomupay Payment Processing Gateway totalprocessing-card-payments allows Path Traversal.This issue affects Nomupay Payment Processing Gateway: from n/a through <= 7.1.7.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:39
Credits
Martino Spagnuolo (r3verii) | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2025-46359 (GCVE-0-2025-46359)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-31 07:22 – Updated: 2025-07-31 15:28
VLAI
Summary
A path traversal issue exists in backup and restore feature of multiple versions of PowerCMS. A product administrator may execute arbitrary code by restoring a crafted backup file.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Alfasado Inc. PowerCMS Affected: 6.7 and earlier (PowerCMS 6.x series)
Create a notification for this product.
Alfasado Inc. PowerCMS Affected: 5.3 and earlier (PowerCMS 5.x series)
Create a notification for this product.
Alfasado Inc. PowerCMS Affected: 4.6 and earlier (PowerCMS 4.x series)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-44021 (GCVE-0-2025-44021)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-08 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-08 21:02
VLAI
Summary
OpenStack Ironic before 29.0.1 can write unintended files to a target node disk during image handling (if a deployment was performed via the API). A malicious project assigned as a node owner can provide a path to any local file (readable by ironic-conductor), which may then be written to the target node disk. This is difficult to exploit in practice, because a node deployed in this manner should never reach the ACTIVE state, but it still represents a danger in environments running with non-default, insecure configurations such as with automated cleaning disabled. The fixed versions are 24.1.3, 26.1.1, and 29.0.1.
Severity
2.8 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenStack Ironic Affected: 24 , < 24.1.3 (semver)
Affected: 25 , < 26.1.1 (semver)
Affected: 27 , < 29.0.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-43934 (GCVE-0-2025-43934)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-07 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-07 19:00
VLAI
Summary
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.3.0.15, LTS2025 release version 8.3.1.0, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.30, LTS 2023 release versions 7.10.1.0 through 7.10.1.60, contain an Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Denial of service and Unauthorized access.
Severity
6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-10-01 17:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-43889 (GCVE-0-2025-43889)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-07 18:37 – Updated: 2025-10-07 18:54
VLAI
Summary
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.4, LTS2024 release Versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.30, LTS 2023 release versions 7.10.1.0 through 7.10.1.60, contain an Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in the UI. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Information exposure.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-10-01 17:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-43813 (GCVE-0-2025-43813)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-29 22:19 – Updated: 2025-09-30 14:45
VLAI
Summary
Possible path traversal vulnerability and denial-of-service in the ComboServlet in Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.107, and older unsupported versions, and Liferay DXP 2023.Q4.0 through 2023.Q4.4, 2023.Q3.1 through 2023.Q3.8, 7.4 GA through update 92, 7.3 GA through update 35, and older unsupported versions allows remote attackers to access arbitrary CSS and JSS files and load the files multiple times via the query string in a URL.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Liferay Portal Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.3.107 (maven)
Create a notification for this product.
Liferay DXP Affected: 7.3.10 , ≤ 7.3.10-u35 (maven)
Affected: 7.4.13 , ≤ 7.4.13-u92 (maven)
Affected: 2023.Q3.1 , ≤ 2023.Q3.8 (maven)
Affected: 2023.Q4.0 , ≤ 2023.Q4.4 (maven)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Sébastien Sauty
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-43566 (GCVE-0-2025-43566)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-13 20:49 – Updated: 2025-05-14 14:11
VLAI
Title
ColdFusion | Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') (CWE-22)
Summary
ColdFusion versions 2025.1, 2023.13, 2021.19 and earlier are affected by an Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability that could lead to arbitrary file system read. A high-privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security protections and gain unauthorized read access. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction and scope is changed.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') (CWE-22)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Adobe ColdFusion Affected: 0 , ≤ 2021.19 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-05-13 17:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-42977 (GCVE-0-2025-42977)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-10 00:10 – Updated: 2025-06-10 15:26
VLAI
Title
Directory Traversal vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer
Summary
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Severity
7.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory
Assigner
sap
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-42970 (GCVE-0-2025-42970)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-08 00:36 – Updated: 2025-07-08 16:13
VLAI
Title
Directory Traversal vulnerability in SAPCAR
Summary
SAPCAR improperly sanitizes the file paths while extracting SAPCAR archives. Due to this, an attacker could craft a malicious SAPCAR archive containing directory traversal sequences. When a high privileged victim extracts this malicious archive, it is then processed by SAPCAR on their system, causing files to be extracted outside the intended directory and overwriting files in arbitrary locations. This vulnerability has a high impact on the integrity and availability of the application with no impact on confidentiality.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory
Assigner
sap
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SAP_SE SAPCAR Affected: SAP_CAR 7.53
Affected: 7.22EXT
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CVE-2025-42946 (GCVE-0-2025-42946)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-12 02:07 – Updated: 2025-08-13 20:20
VLAI
Title
Directory Traversal vulnerability in SAP S/4HANA (Bank Communication Management)
Summary
Due to directory traversal vulnerability in SAP S/4HANA (Bank Communication Management), an attacker with high privileges and access to a specific transaction and method in Bank Communication Management could gain unauthorized access to sensitive operating system files. This could allow the attacker to potentially read or delete these files hence causing a high impact on confidentiality and low impact on integrity. There is no impact on availability of the system.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory
Assigner
sap
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SAP_SE SAP S/4HANA (Bank Communication Management) Affected: SAP_APPL 606
Affected: SAP_FIN 617
Affected: 618
Affected: 720
Affected: 730
Affected: S4CORE 102
Affected: 103
Affected: 104
Affected: 105
Affected: 106
Affected: 107
Affected: 108
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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
  • Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
  • realpath() in C
  • getCanonicalPath() in Java
  • GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
  • realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
  • realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
  • This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
  • In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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