Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-209

Allowed

Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product generates an error message that includes sensitive information about its environment, users, or associated data.

900 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-J8MX-J73W-9MXW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-19 12:31 – Updated: 2026-06-04 18:38
VLAI
Summary
Vaadin Build Plugins is Affected by a Possible Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Details

A possible information disclosure vulnerability exists in the Vaadin Maven plugin and Vaadin Gradle plugin that exposes the full set of environment variables in build logs whenever the frontend build process exits with a non-zero status. Because the build environment may contain credentials supplied as secrets, any failed frontend build can expose those secrets in clear text in CI logs and archived build artifacts.

Users of affected versions should apply the following mitigation or upgrade. Releases that have fixed this issue include:

Product version Mitigation
Vaadin 23.0.0 - 23.6.10 Upgrade to 23.6.11
Vaadin 24.0.0 - 24.9.17 Upgrade to 24.9.18
Vaadin 24.10.0 - 24.10.3 Upgrade to 24.10.4
Vaadin 25.0.0 - 25.0.11 Upgrade to 25.0.12
Vaadin 25.1.0 - 25.1.4 Upgrade to 25.1.5 or newer

Please note that Vaadin versions 10-13 and 15-22 are no longer supported and you should update either to the latest 23, 24, or 25 version.

Maven coordinates Vulnerable version Fixed version
com.vaadin:flow-plugin-base 23.0.0 - 23.6.10 ≥ 23.6.11
com.vaadin:flow-plugin-base 24.0.0 - 24.9.17 ≥ 24.9.18
com.vaadin:flow-plugin-base 24.0.0 - 24.10.3 ≥ 24.10.4
com.vaadin:flow-plugin-base 25.0.0 - 25.0.11 ≥ 25.0.12
com.vaadin:flow-plugin-base 25.1.0 - 25.1.4 ≥ 25.1.5
com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin 23.0.0 - 23.6.10 ≥ 23.6.11
com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin 24.0.0 - 24.9.17 ≥ 24.9.18
com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin 24.0.0 - 24.10.3 ≥ 24.10.4
com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin 25.0.0 - 25.0.11 ≥ 25.0.12
com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin 25.1.0 - 25.1.4 ≥ 25.1.5
com.vaadin:flow-gradle-plugin 24.0.0 - 24.9.17 ≥ 24.9.18
com.vaadin:flow-gradle-plugin 24.0.0 - 24.10.3 ≥ 24.10.4
com.vaadin:flow-gradle-plugin 25.0.0 - 25.0.11 ≥ 25.0.12
com.vaadin:flow-gradle-plugin 25.1.0 - 25.1.4 ≥ 25.1.5
Severity
1.6 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:U/S:N/AU:N/R:A/V:C/RE:L/U:Green
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 23.6.10"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.vaadin:flow-plugins"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "23.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "23.6.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 24.9.17"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.vaadin:flow-plugins"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "24.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "24.9.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.vaadin:flow-plugins"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "24.10.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "24.10.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 25.0.11"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.vaadin:flow-plugins"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "25.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "25.0.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.vaadin:flow-plugins"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "25.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "25.1.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 23.6.10"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "23.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "23.6.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 24.9.17"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "24.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "24.9.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "24.10.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "24.10.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 25.0.11"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "25.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "25.0.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "25.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "25.1.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 24.9.17"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.vaadin:flow-gradle-plugin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "24.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "24.9.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.vaadin:flow-gradle-plugin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "24.10.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "24.10.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 25.0.11"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.vaadin:flow-gradle-plugin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "25.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "25.0.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.vaadin:flow-gradle-plugin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "25.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "25.1.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-7860"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-209"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-04T18:38:34Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-19T12:16:19Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "A possible information disclosure vulnerability exists in the Vaadin Maven plugin and Vaadin Gradle plugin that exposes the full set of environment variables in build logs whenever the frontend build process exits with a non-zero status. Because the build environment may contain credentials supplied as secrets, any failed frontend build can expose those secrets in clear text in CI logs and archived build artifacts.\n\n\nUsers of affected versions should apply the following mitigation or upgrade. Releases that have fixed this issue include:\n\n\n| Product version | Mitigation |\n|---|---|\n| `Vaadin 23.0.0 - 23.6.10` | `Upgrade to 23.6.11` |\n| `Vaadin 24.0.0 - 24.9.17` | `Upgrade to 24.9.18` |\n| `Vaadin 24.10.0 - 24.10.3` | `Upgrade to 24.10.4` |\n| `Vaadin 25.0.0 - 25.0.11` | `Upgrade to 25.0.12` |\n| `Vaadin 25.1.0 - 25.1.4` | `Upgrade to 25.1.5 or newer` |\n\nPlease note that Vaadin versions 10-13 and 15-22 are no longer supported and you should update either to the latest 23, 24, or 25 version.\n\n| Maven coordinates | Vulnerable version | Fixed version |\n|---|---|---|\n| `com.vaadin:flow-plugin-base` | `23.0.0 - 23.6.10` | `\u2265 23.6.11` |\n| `com.vaadin:flow-plugin-base` | `24.0.0 - 24.9.17` | `\u2265 24.9.18` |\n| `com.vaadin:flow-plugin-base` | `24.0.0 - 24.10.3` | `\u2265 24.10.4` |\n| `com.vaadin:flow-plugin-base` | `25.0.0 - 25.0.11` | `\u2265 25.0.12` |\n| `com.vaadin:flow-plugin-base` | `25.1.0 - 25.1.4` | `\u2265 25.1.5` |\n| `com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin` | `23.0.0 - 23.6.10` | `\u2265 23.6.11` |\n| `com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin` | `24.0.0 - 24.9.17` | `\u2265 24.9.18` |\n| `com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin` | `24.0.0 - 24.10.3` | `\u2265 24.10.4` |\n| `com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin` | `25.0.0 - 25.0.11` | `\u2265 25.0.12` |\n| `com.vaadin:flow-maven-plugin` | `25.1.0 - 25.1.4` | `\u2265 25.1.5` |\n| `com.vaadin:flow-gradle-plugin` | `24.0.0 - 24.9.17` | `\u2265 24.9.18` |\n| `com.vaadin:flow-gradle-plugin` | `24.0.0 - 24.10.3` | `\u2265 24.10.4` |\n| `com.vaadin:flow-gradle-plugin` | `25.0.0 - 25.0.11` | `\u2265 25.0.12` |\n| `com.vaadin:flow-gradle-plugin` | `25.1.0 - 25.1.4` | `\u2265 25.1.5` |",
  "id": "GHSA-j8mx-j73w-9mxw",
  "modified": "2026-06-04T18:38:34Z",
  "published": "2026-05-19T12:31:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7860"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vaadin/flow/pull/24219"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/vaadin/flow"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vaadin.com/security/cve-2026-7860"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:U/S:N/AU:N/R:A/V:C/RE:L/U:Green",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Vaadin Build Plugins is Affected by a Possible Information Disclosure Vulnerability"
}

GHSA-J8QW-6JW8-R297

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 22:52 – Updated: 2026-07-22 22:52
VLAI
Summary
Dompdf: Embedded SVG images can leak existence of files and directories within the filesystem
Details

Summary

If a malicious actor can supply unrestricted content for rendering by Dompdf they can utilize the SVG rendering functionality to leak filesystem information when rendering PDF files using image references within a data-URI encoded SVG document.

Details

Using an <image> element inside a data-URI embedded SVG, an attacker can attempt to embed other files via the href or xlink:href attributes. When processing a file that does not exist (e.g. file:///DOESNOTEXIST), dompdf behaves differently than it does when accessing a file or directory that actually exists on the filesystem.

[Wed May 20 19:49:53 2026] PHP Warning:  file_get_contents(file:///DOESNOTEXIST): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in vendor/dompdf/php-svg-lib/src/Svg/Surface/SurfaceCpdf.php on line 173
[Wed May 20 19:49:53 2026] PHP Notice:  getimagesize(): Error reading from /tmp/svgsk9247ela7tm3SiqGyP! in vendor/dompdf/php-svg-lib/src/Svg/Surface/SurfaceCpdf.php on line 196

PoC

First, the attacker renders this HTML document:

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiIHN0YW5kYWxvbmU9Im5vIj8+Cjxzdmcgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDEwMCAxMDAiCiAgICAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj4KICAgIDxpbWFnZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSJmaWxlOi8vL2V0Yy9wYXNzd2QiIHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxMDAiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwIj4KICAgIDwvc3ZnPgo=">
 Hello World!
</body>
</html>

The <img> tag contains the following SVG content:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 100 100"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    <image xlink:href="file:///etc/passwd" x="0" y="0" width="100" height="100">
    </svg>

As expected, the resulting PDF contains a broken image: image

However, when supplying a path to a file or directory that does not exist, for example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 100 100"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    <image xlink:href="file:///DOESNOTEXIST" x="0" y="0" width="100" height="100">
    </svg>

The resulting PDF is rendered normally, with the image displayed as empty space (since the file did not exist). Additionally, for easier visual inspection, a rendering bug (https://github.com/dompdf/php-svg-lib/issues/142) is used to rotate the "Hello World!" text 180 degrees from the expected position:

image

Impact

By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker is able to confirm the existence of files and directories located on the backend filesystem.

Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "dompdf/dompdf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-59943"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-209"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-22T22:52:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nIf a malicious actor can supply unrestricted content for rendering by Dompdf they can utilize the SVG rendering functionality to leak filesystem information when rendering PDF files using image references within a data-URI encoded SVG document.\n\n### Details\nUsing an `\u003cimage\u003e` element inside a data-URI embedded SVG, an attacker can attempt to embed other files via the `href` or `xlink:href` attributes. When processing a file that does not exist (e.g. `file:///DOESNOTEXIST`), dompdf behaves differently than it does when accessing a file or directory that actually exists on the filesystem.\n\n```\n[Wed May 20 19:49:53 2026] PHP Warning:  file_get_contents(file:///DOESNOTEXIST): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in vendor/dompdf/php-svg-lib/src/Svg/Surface/SurfaceCpdf.php on line 173\n[Wed May 20 19:49:53 2026] PHP Notice:  getimagesize(): Error reading from /tmp/svgsk9247ela7tm3SiqGyP! in vendor/dompdf/php-svg-lib/src/Svg/Surface/SurfaceCpdf.php on line 196\n```\n\n### PoC\n\nFirst, the attacker renders this HTML document:\n```\n\u003chtml\u003e\n\u003chead\u003e\n\u003c/head\u003e\n\u003cbody\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiIHN0YW5kYWxvbmU9Im5vIj8+Cjxzdmcgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDEwMCAxMDAiCiAgICAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj4KICAgIDxpbWFnZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSJmaWxlOi8vL2V0Yy9wYXNzd2QiIHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxMDAiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwIj4KICAgIDwvc3ZnPgo=\"\u003e\n Hello World!\n\u003c/body\u003e\n\u003c/html\u003e\n```\n\nThe `\u003cimg\u003e` tag contains the following SVG content:\n```xml\n\u003c?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?\u003e\n\u003csvg width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\"\n     xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\"\u003e\n    \u003cimage xlink:href=\"file:///etc/passwd\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\"\u003e\n    \u003c/svg\u003e\n```\n\nAs expected, the resulting PDF contains a broken image:\n\u003cimg width=\"621\" height=\"193\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/b615fabe-c578-4435-bcb4-e9ad0ac796d2\" /\u003e\n\nHowever, when supplying a path to a file or directory that does not exist, for example:\n```xml\n\u003c?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?\u003e\n\u003csvg width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\"\n     xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\"\u003e\n    \u003cimage xlink:href=\"file:///DOESNOTEXIST\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\"\u003e\n    \u003c/svg\u003e\n```\n\nThe resulting PDF is rendered normally, with the image displayed as empty space (since the file did not exist). Additionally, for easier visual inspection, a rendering bug (https://github.com/dompdf/php-svg-lib/issues/142) is used to rotate the \"Hello World!\" text 180 degrees from the expected position:\n\n\u003cimg width=\"616\" height=\"922\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/32f83aa5-8115-4b0f-8ac2-f7b75e2eeaa9\" /\u003e\n\n### Impact\nBy exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker is able to confirm the existence of files and directories located on the backend filesystem.",
  "id": "GHSA-j8qw-6jw8-r297",
  "modified": "2026-07-22T22:52:44Z",
  "published": "2026-07-22T22:52:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dompdf/dompdf/security/advisories/GHSA-j8qw-6jw8-r297"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dompdf/dompdf/commit/6a58996865db05d8fede748507e50ac4b8c5bfd0"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/dompdf/dompdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dompdf/dompdf/releases/tag/v3.1.6"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Dompdf: Embedded SVG images can leak existence of files and directories within the filesystem"
}

GHSA-J9V2-2X9X-CMCF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-03 03:30 – Updated: 2025-06-18 18:30
VLAI
Details

HCL DRYiCE MyXalytics is impacted by an improper error handling vulnerability. The application returns detailed error messages that can provide an attacker with insight into the application, system, etc.

Severity
3.1 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-50348"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-209"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-03T02:15:44Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "HCL DRYiCE MyXalytics is impacted by an improper error handling vulnerability. The application returns detailed error messages that can provide an attacker with insight into the application, system, etc.",
  "id": "GHSA-j9v2-2x9x-cmcf",
  "modified": "2025-06-18T18:30:21Z",
  "published": "2024-01-03T03:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50348"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hcltechsw.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0109608"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JFWG-RXF3-P7R9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-06 17:56 – Updated: 2026-04-06 17:56
VLAI
Summary
Authorizer: CQL/N1QL Injection in Cassandra and Couchbase Backends via fmt.Sprintf String Interpolation
Details

Vulnerability Details

CWE: CWE-943 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic

All 66+ CQL queries in internal/storage/db/cassandradb/ use fmt.Sprintf to interpolate user-controlled values directly into CQL query strings without parameterization.

Unauthenticated endpoints (signup, login, forgot_password, magic_link_login) pass user input directly into CQL query strings.

Note: This advisory covers the Cassandra CQL injection only. The Couchbase N1QL injection is tracked in a separate advisory per CVE rule 4.2.11.

Affected Code Pattern

// Before (VULNERABLE) - e.g. cassandradb/user.go
query := fmt.Sprintf("SELECT ... FROM %s WHERE email = '%s'", table, email)
err := p.db.Query(query).Scan(...)

Steps to Reproduce

  1. Deploy Authorizer <= 2.0.0 with Cassandra backend
  2. Send a signup request with a CQL injection payload in the email field:
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/graphql \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{"query":"mutation { signup(params: { email: \"test'\" }) { message } }"}'
  1. The single quote breaks out of the CQL string literal, causing a CQL parse error that leaks internal schema information
  2. Crafted payloads can manipulate query logic to bypass authentication or extract data

Affected Files (10 Cassandra files)

Package File Queries Fixed
cassandradb user.go 7
cassandradb otp.go 4
cassandradb session_token.go 19
cassandradb verification_requests.go 4
cassandradb authenticator.go 3
cassandradb email_template.go 5
cassandradb webhook.go 5
cassandradb webhook_log.go 2
cassandradb session.go 1
cassandradb env.go 2

Impact

An unauthenticated attacker can inject arbitrary CQL operators through the email, phone, or token parameters on public-facing endpoints (signup, login, forgot_password, magic_link_login). This enables authentication bypass and data exfiltration from the Cassandra keyspace.

Proposed Fix

Use parameterized queries:

// After (FIXED)
query := fmt.Sprintf("SELECT ... FROM %s WHERE email = ?", table)
err := p.db.Query(query, email).Scan(...)

Fixed in https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer/pull/500 (merged 2026-03-27).

Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.0.0-20260327055742-73679faa53cd"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-209",
      "CWE-943"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-06T17:56:31Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Vulnerability Details\n\n**CWE:** CWE-943 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic\n\nAll 66+ CQL queries in `internal/storage/db/cassandradb/` use `fmt.Sprintf` to interpolate user-controlled values directly into CQL query strings without parameterization.\n\nUnauthenticated endpoints (`signup`, `login`, `forgot_password`, `magic_link_login`) pass user input directly into CQL query strings.\n\n**Note:** This advisory covers the Cassandra CQL injection only. The Couchbase N1QL injection is tracked in a separate advisory per CVE rule 4.2.11.\n\n## Affected Code Pattern\n\n```go\n// Before (VULNERABLE) - e.g. cassandradb/user.go\nquery := fmt.Sprintf(\"SELECT ... FROM %s WHERE email = \u0027%s\u0027\", table, email)\nerr := p.db.Query(query).Scan(...)\n```\n\n## Steps to Reproduce\n\n1. Deploy Authorizer \u003c= 2.0.0 with Cassandra backend\n2. Send a signup request with a CQL injection payload in the email field:\n\n```bash\ncurl -X POST http://localhost:8080/graphql \\\n  -H \u0027Content-Type: application/json\u0027 \\\n  -d \u0027{\"query\":\"mutation { signup(params: { email: \\\"test\u0027\\\" }) { message } }\"}\u0027\n```\n\n3. The single quote breaks out of the CQL string literal, causing a CQL parse error that leaks internal schema information\n4. Crafted payloads can manipulate query logic to bypass authentication or extract data\n\n## Affected Files (10 Cassandra files)\n\n| Package | File | Queries Fixed |\n|---------|------|--------------|\n| cassandradb | user.go | 7 |\n| cassandradb | otp.go | 4 |\n| cassandradb | session_token.go | 19 |\n| cassandradb | verification_requests.go | 4 |\n| cassandradb | authenticator.go | 3 |\n| cassandradb | email_template.go | 5 |\n| cassandradb | webhook.go | 5 |\n| cassandradb | webhook_log.go | 2 |\n| cassandradb | session.go | 1 |\n| cassandradb | env.go | 2 |\n\n## Impact\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker can inject arbitrary CQL operators through the email, phone, or token parameters on public-facing endpoints (signup, login, forgot_password, magic_link_login). This enables authentication bypass and data exfiltration from the Cassandra keyspace.\n\n## Proposed Fix\n\nUse parameterized queries:\n\n```go\n// After (FIXED)\nquery := fmt.Sprintf(\"SELECT ... FROM %s WHERE email = ?\", table)\nerr := p.db.Query(query, email).Scan(...)\n```\n\nFixed in https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer/pull/500 (merged 2026-03-27).",
  "id": "GHSA-jfwg-rxf3-p7r9",
  "modified": "2026-04-06T17:56:31Z",
  "published": "2026-04-06T17:56:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer/security/advisories/GHSA-jfwg-rxf3-p7r9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer/pull/500"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer/commit/73679faa53cd215c7524d651046e402c43809786"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer/releases/tag/2.0.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Authorizer: CQL/N1QL Injection in Cassandra and Couchbase Backends via fmt.Sprintf String Interpolation"
}

GHSA-JG6V-CRQ7-F587

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 15:31
VLAI
Details

Dell PowerScale OneFS, versions 9.5.0.0 through 9.10.1.6 and versions 9.11.0.0 through 9.13.0.0, contains a generation of error message containing sensitive information vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to information disclosure.

Severity
4.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24511"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-209"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T13:16:40Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Dell PowerScale OneFS, versions 9.5.0.0 through 9.10.1.6 and\u00a0versions 9.11.0.0 through 9.13.0.0, contains a generation of error message containing sensitive information vulnerability. A\u00a0high privileged attacker with local access\u00a0could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to information disclosure.",
  "id": "GHSA-jg6v-crq7-f587",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T15:31:43Z",
  "published": "2026-04-08T15:31:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24511"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000449337/dsa-2026-125-security-update-for-dell-powerscale-onefs-multiple-vulnerabilities"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JH3R-77V7-VR84

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-10 00:00
VLAI
Details

Dell PowerScale OneFS, 8.2.x through 9.3.0.x, contain an error message with sensitive information. An administrator could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to disclosure of sensitive information. This sensitive information can be used to access sensitive resources.

Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-31229"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-209"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-28T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Dell PowerScale OneFS, 8.2.x through 9.3.0.x, contain an error message with sensitive information. An administrator could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to disclosure of sensitive information. This sensitive information can be used to access sensitive resources.",
  "id": "GHSA-jh3r-77v7-vr84",
  "modified": "2022-07-10T00:00:47Z",
  "published": "2022-06-29T00:00:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31229"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000200681/dsa-2022-118-dell-emc-powerscale-onefs-security-update?lang=en"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JHPR-J7CQ-3JP3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-22 19:59 – Updated: 2024-11-18 16:26
VLAI
Summary
Flask-AppBuilder vulnerable to possible disclosure of sensitive information on user error
Details

Impact

An authenticated malicious actor with Admin privileges, could by adding a special character on the add, edit User forms trigger a database error, this error is surfaced back to this actor on the UI. On certain database engines this error can include the entire user row including the pbkdf2:sha256 hashed password.

Patches

Fixed on 4.3.2

Severity
2.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Flask-AppBuilder"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.3.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-34110"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-209"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-22T19:59:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-22T23:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nAn authenticated malicious actor with Admin privileges, could by adding a special character on the add, edit User forms trigger a database error, this error is surfaced back to this actor on the UI. On certain database engines this error can include the entire user row including the pbkdf2:sha256 hashed password.\n \n### Patches\nFixed on 4.3.2\n",
  "id": "GHSA-jhpr-j7cq-3jp3",
  "modified": "2024-11-18T16:26:30Z",
  "published": "2023-06-22T19:59:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder/security/advisories/GHSA-jhpr-j7cq-3jp3"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34110"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder/pull/2045"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder/commit/ae25ad4c87a9051ebe4a4e8f02aee73232642626"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder/releases/tag/v4.3.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/flask-appbuilder/PYSEC-2023-94.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Flask-AppBuilder vulnerable to possible disclosure of sensitive information on user error"
}

GHSA-JJ7W-RGJ3-P8JW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-13 06:30 – Updated: 2025-03-13 06:30
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in GitLab EE/CE affecting all versions starting from 11.5 before 17.7.7, all versions starting from 17.8 before 17.8.5, all versions starting from 17.9 before 17.9.2. Certain user inputs in repository mirroring settings could potentially expose sensitive authentication information.

Severity
4.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-12380"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-209"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-13T06:15:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in GitLab EE/CE affecting all versions starting from 11.5 before 17.7.7, all versions starting from 17.8 before 17.8.5, all versions starting from 17.9 before 17.9.2. Certain user inputs in repository mirroring settings could potentially expose sensitive authentication information.",
  "id": "GHSA-jj7w-rgj3-p8jw",
  "modified": "2025-03-13T06:30:34Z",
  "published": "2025-03-13T06:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12380"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2868951"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/508557"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JJF7-F765-JJF2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:57
VLAI
Details

RSA BSAFE Micro Edition Suite versions prior to 4.1.6.3 (in 4.1.x) and prior to 4.4 (in 4.2.x and 4.3.x), are vulnerable to an Information Exposure Through an Error Message vulnerability, also known as a ?padding oracle attack vulnerability?. A malicious remote user could potentially exploit this vulnerability to extract information leaving data at risk of exposure.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-3730"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-209"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-09-30T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "RSA BSAFE Micro Edition Suite versions prior to 4.1.6.3 (in 4.1.x) and prior to 4.4 (in 4.2.x and 4.3.x), are vulnerable to an Information Exposure Through an Error Message vulnerability, also known as a ?padding oracle attack vulnerability?. A malicious remote user could potentially exploit this vulnerability to extract information leaving data at risk of exposure.",
  "id": "GHSA-jjf7-f765-jjf2",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T16:57:32Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:57:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-3730"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/000194054"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/security/en-us/details/DOC-107000/DSA-2019-079-RSA-BSAFE\u0026#174;-Crypto-C-Micro-Edition-and-Micro-Edition-Suite-Multiple-Security-Vulnerab"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JJH9-429M-VVV4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-14 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-14 21:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in the Application Server of Desktop Alert PingAlert version 6.1.0.11 to 6.1.1.2 which allows Technical Information to be Disclosed through stack trace.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54562"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-209"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-14T18:15:49Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in the Application Server of Desktop Alert PingAlert version 6.1.0.11 to 6.1.1.2 which allows Technical Information to be Disclosed through stack trace.",
  "id": "GHSA-jjh9-429m-vvv4",
  "modified": "2025-11-14T21:30:29Z",
  "published": "2025-11-14T18:31:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54562"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://desktopalert.net"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://desktopalert.net/cve-2025-54562"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
Mitigation
Implementation

Handle exceptions internally and do not display errors containing potentially sensitive information to a user.

Mitigation MIT-33
Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Use naming conventions and strong types to make it easier to spot when sensitive data is being used. When creating structures, objects, or other complex entities, separate the sensitive and non-sensitive data as much as possible.

Mitigation MIT-40
Implementation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Debugging information should not make its way into a production release.

Mitigation MIT-40
Implementation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Debugging information should not make its way into a production release.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Where available, configure the environment to use less verbose error messages. For example, in PHP, disable the display_errors setting during configuration, or at runtime using the error_reporting() function.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Create default error pages or messages that do not leak any information.

CAPEC-215: Fuzzing for application mapping

An attacker sends random, malformed, or otherwise unexpected messages to a target application and observes the application's log or error messages returned. The attacker does not initially know how a target will respond to individual messages but by attempting a large number of message variants they may find a variant that trigger's desired behavior. In this attack, the purpose of the fuzzing is to observe the application's log and error messages, although fuzzing a target can also sometimes cause the target to enter an unstable state, causing a crash.

CAPEC-463: Padding Oracle Crypto Attack

An adversary is able to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key if a target system leaks data on whether or not a padding error happened while decrypting the ciphertext. A target system that leaks this type of information becomes the padding oracle and an adversary is able to make use of that oracle to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key by issuing on average 128*b calls to the padding oracle (where b is the number of bytes in the ciphertext block). In addition to performing decryption, an adversary is also able to produce valid ciphertexts (i.e., perform encryption) by using the padding oracle, all without knowing the encryption key.

CAPEC-54: Query System for Information

An adversary, aware of an application's location (and possibly authorized to use the application), probes an application's structure and evaluates its robustness by submitting requests and examining responses. Often, this is accomplished by sending variants of expected queries in the hope that these modified queries might return information beyond what the expected set of queries would provide.

CAPEC-7: Blind SQL Injection

Blind SQL Injection results from an insufficient mitigation for SQL Injection. Although suppressing database error messages are considered best practice, the suppression alone is not sufficient to prevent SQL Injection. Blind SQL Injection is a form of SQL Injection that overcomes the lack of error messages. Without the error messages that facilitate SQL Injection, the adversary constructs input strings that probe the target through simple Boolean SQL expressions. The adversary can determine if the syntax and structure of the injection was successful based on whether the query was executed or not. Applied iteratively, the adversary determines how and where the target is vulnerable to SQL Injection.

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