Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-203
AllowedObservable Discrepancy
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product behaves differently or sends different responses under different circumstances in a way that is observable to an unauthorized actor.
884 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-VP38-X48W-R4CX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-08 18:32 – Updated: 2025-08-08 18:32
VLAI
Details
The public-facing product registration endpoint server responds differently depending on whether the S/N is valid and unregistered, valid but already registered, or does not exist in the database. Combined with the fact that serial numbers are sequentially assigned, this allows an attacker to gain information on the product registration status of different S/Ns.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47872"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-08T17:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The public-facing product registration endpoint server responds \ndifferently depending on whether the S/N is valid and unregistered, \nvalid but already registered, or does not exist in the database. \nCombined with the fact that serial numbers are sequentially assigned, \nthis allows an attacker to gain information on the product registration \nstatus of different S/Ns.",
"id": "GHSA-vp38-x48w-r4cx",
"modified": "2025-08-08T18:32:22Z",
"published": "2025-08-08T18:32:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47872"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://eg4electronics.com/contact"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-219-07"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-VP7C-4M3C-RRMP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-30 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-06 18:30
VLAI
Details
In Content, there is a possible way to determine whether an app is installed, without query permissions, due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21316"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-30T17:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Content, there is a possible way to determine whether an app is installed, without query permissions, due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-vp7c-4m3c-rrmp",
"modified": "2023-11-06T18:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-10-30T18:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21316"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/android-14"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VP7C-J92G-63FF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-11 15:31 – Updated: 2025-07-15 21:31
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in eGroupWare 17.1.20190111. A User Enumeration vulnerability exists under calendar/freebusy.php, which allows unauthenticated remote attackers to enumerate the users of web applications based on server response.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38327"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-11T15:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in eGroupWare 17.1.20190111. A User Enumeration vulnerability exists under calendar/freebusy.php, which allows unauthenticated remote attackers to enumerate the users of web applications based on server response.",
"id": "GHSA-vp7c-j92g-63ff",
"modified": "2025-07-15T21:31:26Z",
"published": "2025-07-11T15:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38327"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gruppotim.it/it/footer/red-team.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VP99-6R6X-6V3C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-19 21:30
VLAI
Details
GFI MailEssentials AI versions prior to 22.4 contain an arbitrary file existence enumeration vulnerability in the ListServer.IsDBExist() web method exposed at /MailEssentials/pages/MailSecurity/ListServer.aspx/IsDBExist. An authenticated user can supply an unrestricted filesystem path via the JSON key \"path\", which is URL-decoded and passed to File.Exists(), allowing the attacker to determine whether arbitrary files exist on the server.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23620"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-19T18:24:57Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "GFI MailEssentials AI versions prior to\u00a022.4 contain an arbitrary file existence enumeration vulnerability in the ListServer.IsDBExist() web method exposed at /MailEssentials/pages/MailSecurity/ListServer.aspx/IsDBExist. An authenticated user can supply an unrestricted filesystem path via the JSON key \\\"path\\\", which is URL-decoded and passed to File.Exists(), allowing the attacker to determine whether arbitrary files exist on the server.",
"id": "GHSA-vp99-6r6x-6v3c",
"modified": "2026-02-19T21:30:47Z",
"published": "2026-02-19T18:31:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23620"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gfi.ai/products-and-solutions/network-security-solutions/mailessentials/resources/documentation/product-releases"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/gfi-mailessentials-ai-listserver-isdbexist-absolute-directory-traversal-to-file-enumeration"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-VPCR-5M3V-Q2CF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:53 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:53
VLAI
Details
A plaintext recovery of encrypted messages or a Man-in-the-middle (MiTM) attack on RSA PKCS #1 v1.5 encryption may be possible without knowledge of the server's private key. Fortinet FortiOS 5.4.6 to 5.4.9, 6.0.0 and 6.0.1 are vulnerable by such attack under VIP SSL feature when CPx being used.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-9194"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-05T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A plaintext recovery of encrypted messages or a Man-in-the-middle (MiTM) attack on RSA PKCS #1 v1.5 encryption may be possible without knowledge of the server\u0027s private key. Fortinet FortiOS 5.4.6 to 5.4.9, 6.0.0 and 6.0.1 are vulnerable by such attack under VIP SSL feature when CPx being used.",
"id": "GHSA-vpcr-5m3v-q2cf",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:53:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:53:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9194"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/advisory/FG-IR-17-302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://robotattack.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/144389"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VQ4H-9GHM-QMRR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-30 03:30 – Updated: 2023-04-07 19:23
VLAI
Summary
HashiCorp Vault's implementation of Shamir's secret sharing vulnerable to cache-timing attacks
Details
HashiCorp Vault's implementation of Shamir's secret sharing used precomputed table lookups, and was vulnerable to cache-timing attacks. An attacker with access to, and the ability to observe a large number of unseal operations on the host through a side channel may reduce the search space of a brute force effort to recover the Shamir shares. Fixed in Vault 1.13.1, 1.12.5, and 1.11.9.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/hashicorp/vault"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.11.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/hashicorp/vault"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.12.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.12.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/hashicorp/vault"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.13.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.13.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25000"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203",
"CWE-208"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-04-07T19:23:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-30T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "HashiCorp Vault\u0027s implementation of Shamir\u0027s secret sharing used precomputed table lookups, and was vulnerable to cache-timing attacks. An attacker with access to, and the ability to observe a large number of unseal operations on the host through a side channel may reduce the search space of a brute force effort to recover the Shamir shares. Fixed in Vault 1.13.1, 1.12.5, and 1.11.9.",
"id": "GHSA-vq4h-9ghm-qmrr",
"modified": "2023-04-07T19:23:01Z",
"published": "2023-03-30T03:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/vault/pull/19495"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2023-10-vault-vulnerable-to-cache-timing-attacks-during-seal-and-unseal-operations/52078"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/vault"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230526-0008"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "HashiCorp Vault\u0027s implementation of Shamir\u0027s secret sharing vulnerable to cache-timing attacks"
}
GHSA-VQ86-43RV-WRV5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-29 02:58 – Updated: 2022-04-29 02:58
VLAI
Details
CVS 1.11.x before 1.11.17, and 1.12.x before 1.12.9, allows remote attackers to determine the existence of arbitrary files and directories via the -X command for an alternate history file, which causes different error messages to be returned.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2004-0778"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2004-10-20T04:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "CVS 1.11.x before 1.11.17, and 1.12.x before 1.12.9, allows remote attackers to determine the existence of arbitrary files and directories via the -X command for an alternate history file, which causes different error messages to be returned.",
"id": "GHSA-vq86-43rv-wrv5",
"modified": "2022-04-29T02:58:20Z",
"published": "2022-04-29T02:58:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2004-0778"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/17001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A10688"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.idefense.com/application/poi/display?id=130\u0026type=vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/579225"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandrakesecure.net/en/advisories/advisory.php?name=MDKSA-2004:108"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/10955"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VQQ4-V6W9-FVX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-30 18:19 – Updated: 2022-04-30 18:19
VLAI
Details
PF in OpenBSD 3.0 with the return-rst rule sets the TTL to 128 in the RST packet, which allows remote attackers to determine if a port is being filtered because the TTL is different than the default TTL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2002-0514"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2002-08-12T04:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PF in OpenBSD 3.0 with the return-rst rule sets the TTL to 128 in the RST packet, which allows remote attackers to determine if a port is being filtered because the TTL is different than the default TTL.",
"id": "GHSA-vqq4-v6w9-fvx4",
"modified": "2022-04-30T18:19:22Z",
"published": "2022-04-30T18:19:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2002-0514"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.iss.net/security_center/static/8738.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/265188"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/4401"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VW6H-MW9P-F4HV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-25 21:31 – Updated: 2026-08-26 21:31
VLAI
Details
Observable discrepancy in Autofill in Google Chrome prior to 152.0.7977.65 allowed a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-79030"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-25T21:17:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Observable discrepancy in Autofill in Google Chrome prior to 152.0.7977.65 allowed a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-vw6h-mw9p-f4hv",
"modified": "2026-08-26T21:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-08-25T21:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-79030"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/08/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0256176589.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/40057398"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VW87-WRX2-XWXQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-20 15:31 – Updated: 2024-02-20 15:31
VLAI
Details
IBM Common Licensing 9.0 could allow a local user to enumerate usernames due to an observable response discrepancy. IBM X-Force ID: 273337.
Severity
4.0 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-50306"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203",
"CWE-204"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-20T14:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Common Licensing 9.0 could allow a local user to enumerate usernames due to an observable response discrepancy. IBM X-Force ID: 273337.",
"id": "GHSA-vw87-wrx2-xwxq",
"modified": "2024-02-20T15:31:04Z",
"published": "2024-02-20T15:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/273337"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7120660"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
CAPEC-189: Black Box Reverse Engineering
An adversary discovers the structure, function, and composition of a type of computer software through black box analysis techniques. 'Black Box' methods involve interacting with the software indirectly, in the absence of direct access to the executable object. Such analysis typically involves interacting with the software at the boundaries of where the software interfaces with a larger execution environment, such as input-output vectors, libraries, or APIs. Black Box Reverse Engineering also refers to gathering physical side effects of a hardware device, such as electromagnetic radiation or sounds.