Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-193
AllowedOff-by-one Error
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
A product calculates or uses an incorrect maximum or minimum value that is 1 more, or 1 less, than the correct value.
311 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-97741 (GCVE-0-2026-97741)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 19:01 – Updated: 2026-10-16 23:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Microsoft Office Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 19:35 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise |
Affected:
16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Office 365 for Mac |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 16.114.26101123
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2021 |
Affected:
16.0.1 , < 16.114.26101123
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2024 |
Affected:
16.0.0 , < 16.114.26101123
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-10-13 14:00
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CVE-2026-93018 (GCVE-0-2026-93018)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 13:57 – Updated: 2026-09-22 18:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Imager versions before 1.036 for Perl disclose uninitialised heap memory reading a paletted image with pixel indexes past its colour map in i_gpix_p and i_glin_p
Summary
Imager versions before 1.036 for Perl disclose uninitialised heap memory reading a paletted image with pixel indexes past its colour map in i_gpix_p and i_glin_p.
The palette is allocated uninitialised, and only the entries a reader adds count as populated. The TGA reader stores pixel indexes without checking them against the colour map. i_gpix_p() rejects only an index greater than the count, so an index equal to it reads the first unpopulated entry, and getpixel() returns it.
i_glin_p() skips any index at or beyond the count without writing that pixel to the caller's buffer. The palette-to-RGB conversion reads each row through an uninitialised buffer, so those pixels of the converted image hold prior heap contents.
Reading an attacker-supplied image through Imager->read() and then fetching its pixels or converting it to RGB discloses process heap memory.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 18:14 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
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CVE-2026-90781 (GCVE-0-2026-90781)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-13 12:22 – Updated: 2026-09-16 14:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
alsa-lib through 1.2.16.1 Off-by-One Stack Buffer Overflow in __snd_ctl_ascii_elem_id_parse()
Summary
alsa-lib through 1.2.16.1 contains a stack buffer overflow in the __snd_ctl_ascii_elem_id_parse() function that writes one byte past a 64-byte buffer when parsing a name= field with 64 or more characters. Attackers can supply a long control-element identifier string through saved state files or command-line arguments to overwrite adjacent stack memory and crash the calling process.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-16 14:07 UTC
CWE
- CWE-193 - Off-by-one Error
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/alsa-project/alsa-lib/commit/f… | patch |
| https://github.com/alsa-project/alsa-lib/blob/v1.… | technical-description |
| https://lore.kernel.org/alsa-devel/CACBQ=P2FhO3M6… | mailing-list |
| https://github.com/alsa-project/alsa-lib | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/alsa-lib-thr… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ALSA Project | alsa-lib |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.2.16.1
(custom)
Unaffected: f84cd4ced7b36fddb8e4ee24404cf7c091d27020 (git) cpe:2.3:a:alsa-project:alsa-lib:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-08-30 00:00
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CVE-2026-86297 (GCVE-0-2026-86297)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-07 10:45 – Updated: 2026-09-09 14:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
D-Link DIR-605 L2TP Control Message tunnel.c tunnel_set_params off-by-one
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DIR-605 B1v202WWB03. This issue affects the function tunnel_set_params of the file progs.gpl/pppd.alpha/l2tp/tunnel.c of the component L2TP Control Message Parser. Such manipulation of the argument peer_hostname leads to off-by-one. The attack may be performed from remote. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is assessed as difficult. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-09 14:22 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/399459 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/399459/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-86297 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/906299 | third-party-advisory |
| https://tzh00203.notion.site/D-Link-DIR-605-L2TP-… | exploit |
| https://www.dlink.com/ | broken-linkproduct |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-85454 (GCVE-0-2026-85454)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-03 22:38 – Updated: 2026-09-08 13:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MOOS core-moos through 10.4.0 Off-by-One Buffer Overflow in Serial Telegram Handling
Summary
MOOS core-moos through 10.4.0 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability in CMOOSSerialPort::GetTelegram() that writes a NUL terminator one byte past the serial telegram stack buffer. Attackers controlling the serial line can send a full-length telegram to trigger the off-by-one write, corrupting the stack and potentially enabling code execution.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 13:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-193 - Off-by-one Error
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/themoos/core-moos/pull/73 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/themoos/core-moos/commit/befb0… | patch |
| https://github.com/themoos/core-moos | product |
| https://github.com/themoos/core-moos/blob/ec9c77c… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/moos-core-mo… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-01 00:00
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CVE-2026-83742 (GCVE-0-2026-83742)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 02:41 – Updated: 2026-10-07 11:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
wstrncat() unsigned integer underflow leads to an off-by-one null write in wolfSSH on non-Windows platforms
Summary
Unsigned integer underflow in wstrncat() in src/port.c in wolfSSL wolfSSH from v1.4.11 through v1.5.0 on non-Windows platforms allows an authenticated remote attacker to write one out-of-bounds null byte past the end of a stack buffer by sending a crafted SFTP path. wolfSSH_RealPath() in src/ssh.c appends each path component with a remaining-size bound (outSz - curSz) rather than the full destination size, so once the accumulated path reaches half the output buffer the size_t computation n - strlen(s1) - 1 wraps to near SIZE_MAX. The strncat() call is then effectively unbounded and copies the whole component; when that component exactly fills the remainder of the buffer, its terminating null is written one byte past the end. The caller's own length check keeps the copied data inside the buffer, so the overflow is limited to that single null byte, which may corrupt an adjacent stack value and crash the process. Applications that call the public wolfSSH_RealPath() with an output buffer smaller than the input path are additionally exposed to an unbounded copy, because the word32 expression outSz - segSz in that length check also wraps.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 11:30 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wolfSSL Inc. | wolfSSH |
Affected:
1.4.11 , ≤ 1.5.0
(semver)
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CVE-2026-83600 (GCVE-0-2026-83600)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 17:05 – Updated: 2026-09-22 18:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Netdata: Streaming protocol chart slot guard off-by-one allows ~16 GiB allocation request, crashing parent agent
Summary
Netdata is an open source observability tool. Prior to 2.10.4, an authenticated child agent can send an oversized CHART SLOT value that str2ull_encoded passes to pluginsd_rrdset_cache_put_to_slot in src/plugins.d/pluginsd_internals.h. The accepted slot drives reallocz to request an approximately 16 GiB chart-pointer array, and allocation failure invokes fatal and aborts the parent Netdata agent, repeatedly disabling centralized monitoring while stream access persists. This issue is fixed in version 2.10.4 and nightly build 2.10.0-782-nightly.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 18:22 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/netdata/netdata/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/netdata/netdata/pull/22598 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/netdata/netdata/commit/034a774… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/netdata/netdata/releases/tag/v2.10.4 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-81738 (GCVE-0-2026-81738)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-07 07:32 – Updated: 2026-09-08 14:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
OpenVPN 2.5.0 through 2.7.6 on Windows using the tap-windows6 driver allows attackers to trigger an out-of-bounds write via crafted DOMAIN-SEARCH entries
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 14:54 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://community.openvpn.net/Security%20Announce… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-81396 (GCVE-0-2026-81396)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 17:18 – Updated: 2026-10-14 23:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Stack-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-09 04:19 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
9 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise |
Affected:
16.0.1 , < 16.0.20326.20138
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Excel 2016 |
Affected:
16.0.0.0 , < 16.0.5569.1003
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Office 2016 |
Affected:
16.0.0 , < 16.0.5569.1003
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Office 2019 |
Affected:
19.0.0 , < 16.0.10417.20207
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Office 365 for Mac |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 16.113.26091433
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 |
Affected:
16.0.1 , < 16.0.14334.20906
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Office LTSC 2024 |
Affected:
16.0.0 , < 16.0.17932.20976
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2021 |
Affected:
16.0.1 , < 16.113.26091433
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2024 |
Affected:
16.0.0 , < 16.113.26091433
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-09-08 14:00
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CVE-2026-76081 (GCVE-0-2026-76081)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 21:30 – Updated: 2026-09-15 19:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ZITADEL: Improper Role Revocation on Granted Projects during Multiple Role Deletions
Summary
ZITADEL is an open source identity management platform. Prior to version 4.16.0, a bug in how ZITADEL updates permissions when multiple project roles are deleted at the same time can cause some user permissions to be missed. This issue specifically affects User Grants on Granted Projects (projects shared between different organizations), potentially allowing users to keep access rights that were supposed to be completely removed. This issue has been fully resolved in version 4.16.0. There are no configuration workarounds. Upgrading to a patched version is the only way to trigger the automatic cleanup migration. Those who cannot upgrade immediately should manually review user permissions specifically for Granted Projects where multiple roles were recently deleted.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 19:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-193 - Off-by-one Error
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/9d60e83… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.16.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/9d60e83d6faa5e7e7a5339e031cdb26e0efe4d59"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.16.0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.16.0"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-v859-c572-qh5p",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "ZITADEL: Improper Role Revocation on Granted Projects during Multiple Role Deletions"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-76081",
"datePublished": "2026-09-14T21:30:47.819Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-18T21:17:32.200Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-15T19:21:51.412Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Implementation
When copying character arrays or using character manipulation methods, the correct size parameter must be used to account for the null terminator that needs to be added at the end of the array. Some examples of functions susceptible to this weakness in C include strcpy(), strncpy(), strcat(), strncat(), printf(), sprintf(), scanf() and sscanf().
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.