Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-193
AllowedOff-by-one Error
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
A product calculates or uses an incorrect maximum or minimum value that is 1 more, or 1 less, than the correct value.
274 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-55564 (GCVE-0-2026-55564)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:45 – Updated: 2026-08-25 03:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP: Out-of-bounds read in glyph_cache_get via crafted glyph fragments
Summary
FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to 3.27.0, the glyph_cache_get function in libfreerdp/cache/glyph.c checks whether index is greater than cache->number instead of greater than or equal to it. A malicious RDP server can use GLYPH_FRAGMENT_USE replay in update_process_glyph_fragments to make the default cache receive index 254 when cache->number is 254, reading one pointer beyond the entries array and dereferencing it as a glyph. This can crash the client and may disclose adjacent heap data. This issue is fixed in version 3.27.0.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 03:33 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/pull/12885 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/commit/c293247… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/releases/tag/3.27.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-54410 (GCVE-0-2026-54410)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-14 17:10 – Updated: 2026-08-10 11:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
nanoMODBUS Off-by-One Buffer Overflow in recv_msg_header() via Crafted MBAP Length Field
Summary
nanoMODBUS through v1.23.0 contains an off-by-one buffer overflow in the recv_msg_header function of the Modbus/TCP server that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to write one attacker-controlled byte past the end of the 260-byte receive buffer by sending a crafted MBAP frame whose Length field is set to 255.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-15 17:00 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/debevv/nanoMODBUS | product |
| https://github.com/debevv/nanoMODBUS/blob/v1.23.0… | product |
| https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/193.html | technical-description |
| https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/787.html | technical-description |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| debevv | nanoMODBUS |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.23.0
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-06-14 17:10
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CVE-2026-52804 (GCVE-0-2026-52804)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 20:20 – Updated: 2026-06-26 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Gogs: Privilege Escalation via Collaboration Access Mode Validation
Summary
Gogs is an open source self-hosted Git service. Prior to 0.14.3, a repository admin collaborator can escalate their privileges to owner-level access by exploiting an off-by-one error in the ChangeCollaborationAccessMode function. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.14.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-25 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-193 - Off-by-one Error
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gogs/gogs/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/gogs/gogs/pull/8227 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/gogs/gogs/commit/1fdc9cc28e159… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/gogs/gogs/releases/tag/v0.14.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-50497 (GCVE-0-2026-50497)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 17:07 – Updated: 2026-08-28 17:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Off-by-one error in Windows Remote Desktop Protocol allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-16 13:56 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
18 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9339
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9020
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7548
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7548
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8875
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8875
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 26H1 |
Affected:
10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2525
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26226
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26226
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23291
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23291
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9339
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9339
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9020
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9020
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5386
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33158
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33158
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-07-14 14:00
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CVE-2026-49127 (GCVE-0-2026-49127)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-28 18:59 – Updated: 2026-07-28 01:49 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Music Player Daemon < 0.24.11 Stack Buffer Overflow via pcm_unpack_24be
Summary
Music Player Daemon (MPD) before version 0.24.11 contains a stack buffer overflow vulnerability in the pcm_unpack_24be function in src/pcm/Pack.cxx that allows unauthenticated attackers to corrupt stack memory by triggering an off-by-one write in the PCM decoder plugin. Attackers can issue two MPD commands referencing a malicious HTTP audio source to cause the unpack loop to write 1366 entries into a 1365-entry buffer, overwriting four bytes past the array boundary with three attacker-controlled bytes from an HTTP response body, resulting in daemon termination or potential code execution.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-29 19:14 UTC
CWE
- CWE-193 - Off-by-one Error
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://mstreet97.github.io/security-research/ope… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.musicpd.org/news/2026/05/mpd-0-24-11-… | release-notespatch |
| https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MusicPlayerDaem… | release-notes |
| https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/releases… | release-notes |
| https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/issues/2485 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/commit/5… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/music-player… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MusicPlayerDaemon | MPD |
Affected:
0 , < 0.24.11
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:musicpd:music_player_daemon:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-05-15 00:00
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CVE-2026-46559 (GCVE-0-2026-46559)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-10 21:45 – Updated: 2026-06-11 16:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ImageMagick: Heap Buffer Over-Write of a single byte in the JP2 encoder
Summary
ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 6.9.13-48 and 7.1.2-23, an incorrect check in the JP2 will result in an heap buffer over-write of a single byte when specifying certain options. This issue has been patched in versions 6.9.13-48 and 7.1.2-23.
Severity
4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-11 13:53 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ImageMagick | ImageMagick |
Affected:
< 6.9.13-48
Affected: < 7.1.2-23 |
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CVE-2026-46369 (GCVE-0-2026-46369)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 19:32 – Updated: 2026-08-27 15:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nimiq: Validity store off by one error
Summary
Nimiq is a Rust implementation of the Nimiq Proof-of-Stake protocol based on the Albatross consensus algorithm. Through 1.5.0, the validity store uses a strict lower-bound comparison that expires a stored transaction too early relative to Transaction::is_valid_at, allowing a remote attacker to replay the same signed transaction during a blocks_per_batch minus one block window and cause the sender and recipient balances to be updated twice. This issue is fixed in version 1.5.1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 15:22 UTC
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/pull/3772 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nimiq | core-rs-albatross |
Affected:
< 1.5.1
|
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CVE-2026-45380 (GCVE-0-2026-45380)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-10 20:00 – Updated: 2026-06-11 14:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
bit7z: Path Traversal via Null Byte Injection from `gcount()` Off-by-One in `restoreSymlink()`
Summary
bit7z is a cross-platform C++ static library that allows the compression/extraction of archive files. Prior to version 4.0.12, a one-byte off-by-one error in SafeOutPathBuilder::restoreSymlink() allows an attacker to craft a .7z archive that, when extracted with bit7z on any non-Windows platform, creates a symlink escaping the intended output directory. Subsequent archive entries extracted through this symlink write arbitrary files outside the extraction directory with the permissions of the extracting process. This issue has been patched in version 4.0.12.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-11 14:12 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rikyoz/bit7z/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/rikyoz/bit7z/releases/tag/v4.0.12 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-45358 (GCVE-0-2026-45358)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-10 21:26 – Updated: 2026-06-11 14:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ImageMagick: Out-of-Bounds Read of a single byte in meta encoder
Summary
ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 6.9.13-47 and 7.1.2-22, an off by one in the meta encoder could result in an out of bounds read of a single byte in the meta encoder. This issue has been patched in versions 6.9.13-47 and 7.1.2-22.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-11 14:19 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ImageMagick | ImageMagick |
Affected:
< 6.9.13-47
Affected: < 7.1.2-22 |
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CVE-2026-45232 (GCVE-0-2026-45232)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-20 00:45 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:32 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rsync < 3.4.3 Off-by-One Stack Write via HTTP Proxy
Summary
Rsync versions before 3.4.3 contain an off-by-one out-of-bounds stack write vulnerability in the establish_proxy_connection() function in socket.c that allows network attackers to corrupt stack memory by sending a malformed HTTP proxy response. Attackers can exploit this by positioning themselves between the client and proxy or controlling the proxy server to send a response line of 1023 or more bytes without a newline terminator, causing a null byte to be written to an out-of-bounds stack address when the RSYNC_PROXY environment variable is set.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-20 17:30 UTC
CWE
- CWE-193 - Off-by-one Error
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/security/ad… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/releases/ta… | release-notes |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/rsync-off-by… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RsyncProject | rsync |
Affected:
0 , < 3.4.3
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-05-19 00:00
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"value": "Rsync versions before 3.4.3 contain an off-by-one out-of-bounds stack write vulnerability in the establish_proxy_connection() function in socket.c that allows network attackers to corrupt stack memory by sending a malformed HTTP proxy response. Attackers can exploit this by positioning themselves between the client and proxy or controlling the proxy server to send a response line of 1023 or more bytes without a newline terminator, causing a null byte to be written to an out-of-bounds stack address when the RSYNC_PROXY environment variable is set."
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"dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T21:32:51.080Z",
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"references": [
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"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/security/advisories/GHSA-8f85-j2cv-59m8"
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"url": "https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/releases/tag/v3.4.3"
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"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/rsync-off-by-one-stack-write-via-http-proxy"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
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"tags": [
"x_open-source"
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"title": "Rsync \u003c 3.4.3 Off-by-One Stack Write via HTTP Proxy",
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"cveMetadata": {
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"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-45232",
"datePublished": "2026-05-20T00:45:28.540Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-05-11T14:14:49.612Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T21:32:51.080Z",
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Mitigation
Implementation
When copying character arrays or using character manipulation methods, the correct size parameter must be used to account for the null terminator that needs to be added at the end of the array. Some examples of functions susceptible to this weakness in C include strcpy(), strncpy(), strcat(), strncat(), printf(), sprintf(), scanf() and sscanf().
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.