Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1336

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.

398 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-PVMF-8HPV-QH7R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-05 15:32 – Updated: 2026-08-05 15:32
VLAI
Details

The render-template component of ember-dynamic-render-template (addon/components/render-template.js) passes its templateString property directly into Ember/Glimmer's compileTemplate() (from @ember/template-compilation) with no sanitization, allow-listing, or validation of the input. Because compileTemplate() dynamically compiles and renders the supplied string as a live Handlebars/Glimmer template, any application that renders attacker-influenced data through this component's templateString property is exposed to client-side template injection: an attacker-controlled Handlebars expression is compiled and executed in the context of the rendering component, which can be leveraged for cross-site scripting depending on what helpers/context are exposed to the compiled template.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-71286"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-05T13:24:53Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The render-template component of ember-dynamic-render-template (addon/components/render-template.js) passes its `templateString` property directly into Ember/Glimmer\u0027s compileTemplate() (from @ember/template-compilation) with no sanitization, allow-listing, or validation of the input. Because compileTemplate() dynamically compiles and renders the supplied string as a live Handlebars/Glimmer template, any application that renders attacker-influenced data through this component\u0027s templateString property is exposed to client-side template injection: an attacker-controlled Handlebars expression is compiled and executed in the context of the rendering component, which can be leveraged for cross-site scripting depending on what helpers/context are exposed to the compiled template.",
  "id": "GHSA-pvmf-8hpv-qh7r",
  "modified": "2026-08-05T15:32:21Z",
  "published": "2026-08-05T15:32:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-71286"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/miguelcobain/ember-dynamic-render-template"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/miguelcobain/ember-dynamic-render-template/blob/master/addon/components/render-template.js"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PXQ6-FR5M-FWH5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-18 18:35
VLAI
Details

JTL Shop versions 5.2.0 through 5.7.1 contains a server-side template injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious template syntax due to unsanitized user-supplied input passed to the Smarty template engine. Attackers can exploit this flaw to read sensitive server-side values such as database credentials and encryption keys, and on versions 5.4.0 through 5.7.1, leverage registered Smarty modifiers including unserialize and file_get_contents to write a webshell to the web root and execute arbitrary commands as the web server user.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-54390"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-18T18:16:19Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "JTL Shop versions 5.2.0 through 5.7.1 contains a server-side template injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious template syntax due to unsanitized user-supplied input passed to the Smarty template engine. Attackers can exploit this flaw to read sensitive server-side values such as database credentials and encryption keys, and on versions 5.4.0 through 5.7.1, leverage registered Smarty modifiers including unserialize and file_get_contents to write a webshell to the web root and execute arbitrary commands as the web server user.",
  "id": "GHSA-pxq6-fr5m-fwh5",
  "modified": "2026-06-18T18:35:25Z",
  "published": "2026-06-18T18:35:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54390"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://forum.jtl-software.de/threads/jtl-shop-5-7-aktuell-5-7-2.246278"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sansec.io/research/jtl-shop-ssti-rce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/jtl-shop-server-side-template-injection-via-smarty-renderer"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PXRR-HQ57-Q35P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-18 20:08 – Updated: 2026-04-14 21:59
VLAI
Summary
dynaconf Affected by Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Insecure Template Evaluation in @jinja Resolver
Details

Summary

Dynaconf is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) due to unsafe template evaluation in the @jinja resolver. When the jinja2 package is installed, Dynaconf evaluates template expressions embedded in configuration values without a sandboxed environment.

If an attacker can influence configuration sources such as: environment variables .env files container environment configuration CI/CD secrets they can execute arbitrary OS commands on the host system. In addition, the @format resolver allows object graph traversal, which may expose sensitive runtime objects and environment variables.

Details

The vulnerability arises because Dynaconf's string resolvers lack proper security boundaries.

  1. @jinja Resolver The @jinja resolver renders templates using full Jinja2 evaluation. However, the rendering context is not sandboxed, which allows attackers to access Python's internal attributes. Using objects such as cycler, attackers can reach Python's globals and import the os module.

Example attack path cycler → init → globals → os → popen() This leads to arbitrary command execution.

  1. @format Resolver The @format resolver performs Python string formatting using internal objects. This allows attackers to traverse Python's object graph and access sensitive runtime objects. Example traversal: {this.class.init.globals[os].environ} This can expose
  2. API keys
  3. database credentials
  4. internal service tokens
  5. environment secrets

PoC

import os
from dynaconf import Dynaconf
# Malicious configuration injection
os.environ["DYNACONF_RCE"] = "@jinja {{ cycler.__init__.__globals__.os.popen('id').read() }}"
settings = Dynaconf()
print("[!] Command Execution Result:")
print(settings.RCE)

Impact

Successful exploitation allows attackers to: - Execute arbitrary OS commands on the host system - Access sensitive environment variables - Compromise application secrets - Fully compromise the running application process Because configuration values may originate from CI/CD pipelines, container orchestration systems, or environment injection, this vulnerability can become remotely exploitable in real-world deployments.

Remediation / Mitigation (Examples)

  1. Use Jinja2 sandbox for template rendering
from jinja2.sandbox import SandboxedEnvironment
env = SandboxedEnvironment()
template = env.from_string("{{ config_value }}")
safe_value = template.render(config_value=user_input)```
  1. Restrict @format usage to trusted values
safe_value = "{name}".format(name=trusted_name)
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.2.12"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "dynaconf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.2.13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33154"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-78",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-18T20:08:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-20T21:17:15Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nDynaconf is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) due to unsafe template evaluation in the @jinja resolver.\nWhen the jinja2 package is installed, Dynaconf evaluates template expressions embedded in configuration values without a sandboxed environment.\n\nIf an attacker can influence configuration sources such as:\nenvironment variables\n.env files\ncontainer environment configuration\nCI/CD secrets\nthey can execute arbitrary OS commands on the host system.\nIn addition, the @format resolver allows object graph traversal, which may expose sensitive runtime objects and environment variables.\n\n### Details\nThe vulnerability arises because Dynaconf\u0027s string resolvers lack proper security boundaries.\n\n1. @jinja Resolver\nThe @jinja resolver renders templates using full Jinja2 evaluation.\nHowever, the rendering context is not sandboxed, which allows attackers to access Python\u0027s internal attributes.\nUsing objects such as cycler, attackers can reach Python\u0027s __globals__ and import the os module.\n\nExample attack path\ncycler\n \u2192 __init__\n \u2192 __globals__\n \u2192 os\n \u2192 popen()\nThis leads to arbitrary command execution.\n\n2. @format Resolver\nThe @format resolver performs Python string formatting using internal objects.\nThis allows attackers to traverse Python\u0027s object graph and access sensitive runtime objects.\nExample traversal:\n{this.__class__.__init__.__globals__[os].environ}\nThis can expose\n- API keys\n- database credentials\n- internal service tokens\n- environment secrets\n\n### PoC\n```\nimport os\nfrom dynaconf import Dynaconf\n# Malicious configuration injection\nos.environ[\"DYNACONF_RCE\"] = \"@jinja {{ cycler.__init__.__globals__.os.popen(\u0027id\u0027).read() }}\"\nsettings = Dynaconf()\nprint(\"[!] Command Execution Result:\")\nprint(settings.RCE)\n```\n### Impact\nSuccessful exploitation allows attackers to:\n- Execute arbitrary OS commands on the host system\n- Access sensitive environment variables\n- Compromise application secrets\n- Fully compromise the running application process\nBecause configuration values may originate from CI/CD pipelines, container orchestration systems, or environment injection, this vulnerability can become remotely exploitable in real-world deployments.\n\n\n### Remediation / Mitigation (Examples)\n\n1. Use Jinja2 sandbox for template rendering\n```\nfrom jinja2.sandbox import SandboxedEnvironment\nenv = SandboxedEnvironment()\ntemplate = env.from_string(\"{{ config_value }}\")\nsafe_value = template.render(config_value=user_input)```\n```\n2. Restrict @format usage to trusted values\n```\nsafe_value = \"{name}\".format(name=trusted_name)\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-pxrr-hq57-q35p",
  "modified": "2026-04-14T21:59:25Z",
  "published": "2026-03-18T20:08:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf/security/advisories/GHSA-pxrr-hq57-q35p"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33154"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf/commit/2fbb45ee36b8c0caa5b924fe19f3c1a5e8603fa7"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf/releases/tag/3.2.13"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "dynaconf Affected by Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Insecure Template Evaluation in @jinja Resolver"
}

GHSA-Q226-8C4V-P73W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-22 21:31
VLAI
Details

wpDiscuz before 7.6.47 contains a shortcode injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes by including them in comment content sent via email notifications. Attackers can inject shortcodes like [contact-form-7] or [user_meta] in comments, which are executed server-side when the WpdiscuzHelperEmail class processes notifications through do_shortcode() before wp_mail().

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-22191"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-13T19:54:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "wpDiscuz before 7.6.47 contains a shortcode injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes by including them in comment content sent via email notifications. Attackers can inject shortcodes like [contact-form-7] or [user_meta] in comments, which are executed server-side when the WpdiscuzHelperEmail class processes notifications through do_shortcode() before wp_mail().",
  "id": "GHSA-q226-8c4v-p73w",
  "modified": "2026-04-22T21:31:32Z",
  "published": "2026-03-13T21:31:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22191"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kmkz/Exploits/blob/master/2026/CVE-2026-22191-POC.py"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kmkz/Exploits/blob/master/2026/CVE-2026-22191-SicuroWeb-ATI-chain.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/wpdiscuz"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/wpdiscuz/#developers"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.beghelli.it"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.boffsec-services.com/posts/sicuroweb-cve-2026-22191"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/beghelli-sicuro24-sicuroweb-angularjs-template-injection"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wpdiscuz-before-server-side-shortcode-injection-via-email-notifications"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q2GX-X2FM-C9FR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-14 09:31 – Updated: 2025-02-14 09:31
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Logpoint AgentX before 1.5.0. A vulnerability caused by limited access controls allowed li-admin users to access sensitive information about AgentX Manager in a Logpoint deployment.

Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-26789"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-14T08:15:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Logpoint AgentX before 1.5.0. A vulnerability caused by limited access controls allowed li-admin users to access sensitive information about AgentX Manager in a Logpoint deployment.",
  "id": "GHSA-q2gx-x2fm-c9fr",
  "modified": "2025-02-14T09:31:22Z",
  "published": "2025-02-14T09:31:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26789"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://servicedesk.logpoint.com/hc/en-us/articles/24749416515741-Unauthorized-information-access-due-to-inadequate-access-controls"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q5XX-FXV3-XXQF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-23 06:30 – Updated: 2026-02-25 17:52
VLAI
Summary
datapizza-ai: Server-Side Template Injection in ChatPromptTemplate via Jinja2 Template Handler
Details

A flaw has been found in datapizza-labs datapizza-ai 0.0.2. Affected is the function ChatPromptTemplate of the file datapizza-ai-core/datapizza/modules/prompt/prompt.py of the component Jinja2 Template Handler. This manipulation of the argument Prompt causes improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
2.0 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "datapizza-ai-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-2969"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-791"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-25T17:52:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-23T05:16:19Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "A flaw has been found in datapizza-labs datapizza-ai 0.0.2. Affected is the function ChatPromptTemplate of the file datapizza-ai-core/datapizza/modules/prompt/prompt.py of the component Jinja2 Template Handler. This manipulation of the argument Prompt causes improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-q5xx-fxv3-xxqf",
  "modified": "2026-02-25T17:52:48Z",
  "published": "2026-02-23T06:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2969"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/datapizza-labs/datapizza-ai"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hacktivesec/datapizza-ai-disclosure/blob/main/ssti.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347336"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.347336"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.755357"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "datapizza-ai: Server-Side Template Injection in ChatPromptTemplate via Jinja2 Template Handler"
}

GHSA-Q7CX-22M3-64GR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-28 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-29 15:31
VLAI
Details

zhangyd-c OneBlog before 2.3.9 was vulnerable to SSTI (Server-Side Template Injection) via FreeMarker templates.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-60355"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-28T18:15:38Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "zhangyd-c OneBlog before 2.3.9 was vulnerable to SSTI (Server-Side Template Injection) via FreeMarker templates.",
  "id": "GHSA-q7cx-22m3-64gr",
  "modified": "2025-10-29T15:31:54Z",
  "published": "2025-10-28T18:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60355"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/line2222/vuln/issues/4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q8GR-QPFG-HV8P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-21 21:30 – Updated: 2024-08-21 21:30
VLAI
Details

The WPML plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 4.6.12 via the Twig Server-Side Template Injection. This is due to missing input validation and sanitization on the render function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to execute code on the server.

Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-6386"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-21T21:15:08Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The WPML plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 4.6.12 via the Twig Server-Side Template Injection. This is due to missing input validation and sanitization on the render function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to execute code on the server.",
  "id": "GHSA-q8gr-qpfg-hv8p",
  "modified": "2024-08-21T21:30:46Z",
  "published": "2024-08-21T21:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6386"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sec.stealthcopter.com/wpml-rce-via-twig-ssti"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpml.org"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/f7fc91cc-e529-4362-8269-bf7ee0766e1e?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q9QC-PP5X-MC8C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-14 21:01
VLAI
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in microweber
Details

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in GitHub repository microweber/microweber prior to 1.3.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "microweber/microweber"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-0896"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-03-10T21:46:29Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-09T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in GitHub repository microweber/microweber prior to 1.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-q9qc-pp5x-mc8c",
  "modified": "2022-03-14T21:01:04Z",
  "published": "2022-03-10T00:00:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0896"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/microweber/microweber/commit/e0224462b3dd6b1f7c6ec1197413afc6019bc3b5"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/microweber/microweber"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/113056f1-7a78-4205-9f42-940ad41d8df0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in microweber"
}

GHSA-QC86-Q28F-GGWW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 21:06 – Updated: 2026-03-04 18:39
VLAI
Summary
Craft CMS has potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via Twig SSTI
Details

For this to work, the attacker must have administrator access to the Craft Control Panel, and allowAdminChanges must be enabled, which is against Craft CMS' recommendations for any non-dev environment.

https://craftcms.com/knowledge-base/securing-craft#set-allowAdminChanges-to-false-in-production

Alternatively, they can have a non-administrator account with allowAdminChanges disabled, but they must have access to the System Messages utility.

It is possible to craft a malicious payload using the Twig map filter in text fields that accept Twig input under Settings in the Craft control panel or using the System Messages utility, which could lead to a RCE.

Users should update to the patched versions (5.8.22 and 4.16.18) to mitigate the issue.

References:

https://github.com/craftcms/cms/pull/18208

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "craftcms/cms"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0-RC1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.9.0-beta.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "craftcms/cms"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0-RC1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.17.0-beta.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28784"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T21:06:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-04T17:16:21Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "For this to work, the attacker must have administrator access to the Craft Control Panel, and [allowAdminChanges](https://craftcms.com/docs/5.x/reference/config/general.html#allowadminchanges) must be enabled, which is against Craft CMS\u0027 recommendations for any non-dev environment.\n\nhttps://craftcms.com/knowledge-base/securing-craft#set-allowAdminChanges-to-false-in-production\n\nAlternatively, they can have a non-administrator account with `allowAdminChanges` disabled, but they must have access to the System Messages utility.\n\nIt is possible to craft a malicious payload using the Twig `map` filter in text fields that accept Twig input under Settings in the Craft control panel or using the System Messages utility, which could lead to a RCE.\n\nUsers should update to the patched versions (5.8.22 and 4.16.18) to mitigate the issue.\n\nReferences:\n\nhttps://github.com/craftcms/cms/pull/18208",
  "id": "GHSA-qc86-q28f-ggww",
  "modified": "2026-03-04T18:39:16Z",
  "published": "2026-03-03T21:06:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-qc86-q28f-ggww"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28784"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/pull/18208"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://craftcms.com/knowledge-base/securing-craft#set-allowAdminChanges-to-false-in-production"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Craft CMS has potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via Twig SSTI"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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