Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1333
AllowedInefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.
792 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-58340 (GCVE-0-2024-58340)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-12 23:05 – Updated: 2026-07-14 22:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LangChain <= 0.3.1 MRKLOutputParser ReDoS
Summary
LangChain versions up to and including 0.3.1 contain a regular expression denial-of-service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the MRKLOutputParser.parse() method (libs/langchain/langchain/agents/mrkl/output_parser.py). The parser applies a backtracking-prone regular expression when extracting tool actions from model output. An attacker who can supply or influence the parsed text (for example via prompt injection in downstream applications that pass LLM output directly into MRKLOutputParser.parse()) can trigger excessive CPU consumption by providing a crafted payload, causing significant parsing delays and a denial-of-service condition.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-13 16:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://huntr.com/bounties/e7ece02c-d4bb-4166-8e0… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.langchain.com/ | product |
| https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/langchain-mr… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LangChain AI | LangChain |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 0.3.1
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:langchain:langchain_core:*:*:*:*:*:python:*:* |
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CVE-2024-54170 (GCVE-0-2024-54170)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-27 14:55 – Updated: 2025-02-27 15:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IBM EntireX denial of service
Summary
IBM EntireX 11.1 could allow a local user to cause a denial of service due to use of a regular expression with an inefficient complexity that consumes excessive CPU cycles.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-27 15:12 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7184194 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-52798 (GCVE-0-2024-52798)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-05 22:45 – Updated: 2025-01-24 20:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
path-to-regexp Unpatched `path-to-regexp` ReDoS in 0.1.x
Summary
path-to-regexp turns path strings into a regular expressions. In certain cases, path-to-regexp will output a regular expression that can be exploited to cause poor performance. The regular expression that is vulnerable to backtracking can be generated in the 0.1.x release of path-to-regexp. Upgrade to 0.1.12. This vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-45296.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-09 14:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2025012… |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pillarjs | path-to-regexp |
Affected:
< 0.1.12
|
|
| pillarjs | path-to-regexp |
Affected:
0 , < 0.1.12
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:pillarjs:path-to-regexp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-52524 (GCVE-0-2024-52524)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-14 17:21 – Updated: 2024-11-21 14:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ReDoS in Giskard Scan text perturbation
Summary
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-18 20:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Giskard-AI/giskard/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Giskard-AI/giskard/commit/48ce… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Giskard-AI | giskard |
Affected:
< 2.15.5
|
|
| giskard-ai | giskard |
Affected:
0 , < 2.15.5
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:giskard-ai:giskard:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-49761 (GCVE-0-2024-49761)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-28 14:10 – Updated: 2025-11-03 20:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
REXML ReDoS vulnerability
Summary
REXML is an XML toolkit for Ruby. The REXML gem before 3.3.9 has a ReDoS vulnerability when it parses an XML that has many digits between &# and x...; in a hex numeric character reference (&#x...;). This does not happen with Ruby 3.2 or later. Ruby 3.1 is the only affected maintained Ruby. The REXML gem 3.3.9 or later include the patch to fix the vulnerability.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-28 14:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ruby/rexml/security/advisories… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ruby/rexml/commit/ce59f2eb1aeb… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2024/10/28/redo… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2024122… | |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-47889 (GCVE-0-2024-47889)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-16 20:55 – Updated: 2024-10-17 16:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Action Mailer has possible ReDoS vulnerability in block_format
Summary
Action Mailer is a framework for designing email service layers. Starting in version 3.0.0 and prior to versions 6.1.7.9, 7.0.8.5, 7.1.4.1, and 7.2.1.1, there is a possible ReDoS vulnerability in the block_format helper in Action Mailer. Carefully crafted text can cause the block_format helper to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a DoS vulnerability. All users running an affected release should either upgrade to versions 6.1.7.9, 7.0.8.5, 7.1.4.1, or 7.2.1.1 or apply the relevant patch immediately. As a workaround, users can avoid calling the `block_format` helper or upgrade to Ruby 3.2. Ruby 3.2 has mitigations for this problem, so Rails applications using Ruby 3.2 or newer are unaffected. Rails 8.0.0.beta1 requires Ruby 3.2 or greater so is unaffected.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-17 16:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rails/rails/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/0e5694f4d32… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/3612e3eb3fb… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/985f1923fa6… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/be898cc9969… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rails | rails |
Affected:
>= 3.0.0, < 6.1.7.9
Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.0.8.5 Affected: >= 7.1.0, < 7.1.4.1 Affected: >= 7.2.0, < 7.2.1.1 |
|
| rubyonrails | rails |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 6.1.7.9
(custom)
Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.8.5 (custom) Affected: 7.1.0 , < 7.1.4.1 (custom) Affected: 7.2.0 , < 7.2.1.1 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-47888 (GCVE-0-2024-47888)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-16 20:31 – Updated: 2024-10-16 20:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Action Text has possible ReDoS vulnerability in plain_text_for_blockquote_node
Summary
Action Text brings rich text content and editing to Rails. Starting in version 6.0.0 and prior to versions 6.1.7.9, 7.0.8.5, 7.1.4.1, and 7.2.1.1, there is a possible ReDoS vulnerability in the `plain_text_for_blockquote_node helper` in Action Text. Carefully crafted text can cause the `plain_text_for_blockquote_node` helper to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a DoS vulnerability. All users running an affected release should either upgrade to versions 6.1.7.9, 7.0.8.5, 7.1.4.1, or 7.2.1.1 or apply the relevant patch immediately. As a workaround, users can avoid calling `plain_text_for_blockquote_node` or upgrade to Ruby 3.2. Ruby 3.2 has mitigations for this problem, so Rails applications using Ruby 3.2 or newer are unaffected. Rails 8.0.0.beta1 depends on Ruby 3.2 or greater so is unaffected.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-16 20:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rails/rails/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/4f4312b21a6… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/727b0946c3c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/ba286c0a310… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/de0df7caebd… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rails | rails |
Affected:
>= 6.0.0, < 6.1.7.9
Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.0.8.5 Affected: >= 7.1.0, < 7.1.4.1 Affected: >= 7.2.0, < 7.2.1.1 |
|
| rails | rails |
Affected:
6.0.0 , < 6.1.7.9
(custom)
Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.8.5 (custom) Affected: 7.1.0 , < 7.1.4.1 (custom) Affected: 7.2.0 , < 7.2.1.1 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:rails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-47887 (GCVE-0-2024-47887)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-16 20:02 – Updated: 2024-10-17 16:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Action Controller has possible ReDoS vulnerability in HTTP Token authentication
Summary
Action Pack is a framework for handling and responding to web requests. Starting in version 4.0.0 and prior to versions 6.1.7.9, 7.0.8.5, 7.1.4.1, and 7.2.1.1, there is a possible ReDoS vulnerability in Action Controller's HTTP Token authentication. For applications using HTTP Token authentication via `authenticate_or_request_with_http_token` or similar, a carefully crafted header may cause header parsing to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a DoS vulnerability. All users running an affected release should either upgrade to versions 6.1.7.9, 7.0.8.5, 7.1.4.1, or 7.2.1.1 or apply the relevant patch immediately. One may choose to use Ruby 3.2 as a workaround.Ruby 3.2 has mitigations for this problem, so Rails applications using Ruby 3.2 or newer are unaffected. Rails 8.0.0.beta1 depends on Ruby 3.2 or greater so is unaffected.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-17 16:34 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rails/rails/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/56b2fc33028… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/7c1398854d5… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/8e057db25bf… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/f4dc83d8926… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rails | rails |
Affected:
>= 4.0.0, < 6.1.7.9
Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.0.8.5 Affected: >= 7.1.0, < 7.1.4.1 Affected: >= 7.2.0, < 7.2.1.1 |
|
| rubyonrails | rails |
Affected:
4.0.0 , < 6.1.7.9
(custom)
Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.8.5 (custom) Affected: 7.1.0 , < 7.1.4.1 (custom) Affected: 7.2.0 , < 7.2.1.1 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-45813 (GCVE-0-2024-45813)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-18 16:47 – Updated: 2024-09-18 18:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ReDoS vulnerability in multiparametric routes in find-my-way
Summary
find-my-way is a fast, open source HTTP router, internally using a Radix Tree (aka compact Prefix Tree), supports route params, wildcards, and it's framework independent. A bad regular expression is generated any time one has two parameters within a single segment, when adding a `-` at the end, like `/:a-:b-`. This may cause a denial of service in some instances. Users are advised to update to find-my-way v8.2.2 or v9.0.1. or subsequent versions. There are no known workarounds for this issue.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-18 18:07 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/delvedor/find-my-way/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/delvedor/find-my-way/commit/5e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://blakeembrey.com/posts/2024-09-web-redos | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| delvedor | find-my-way |
Affected:
< 8.2.2
Affected: = 9.0.0 |
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CVE-2024-45801 (GCVE-0-2024-45801)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-16 18:25 – Updated: 2024-09-16 20:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tampering by prototype polution in DOMPurify
Summary
DOMPurify is a DOM-only, super-fast, uber-tolerant XSS sanitizer for HTML, MathML and SVG. It has been discovered that malicious HTML using special nesting techniques can bypass the depth checking added to DOMPurify in recent releases. It was also possible to use Prototype Pollution to weaken the depth check. This renders dompurify unable to avoid cross site scripting (XSS) attacks. This issue has been addressed in versions 2.5.4 and 3.1.3 of DOMPurify. All users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-16 20:04 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cure53/DOMPurify/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cure53/DOMPurify/commit/1e5202… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cure53/DOMPurify/commit/26e1d6… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.
Mitigation
Implementation
Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.