CWE-1321
AllowedImproperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.
782 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GRJP-4JMR-MJCW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-27 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-30 04:42The package express-xss-sanitizer before 1.1.3 is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the allowedTags attribute, allowing the attacker to bypass xss sanitization.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "express-xss-sanitizer"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-21169"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-30T04:42:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-26T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The package express-xss-sanitizer before 1.1.3 is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the `allowedTags` attribute, allowing the attacker to bypass xss sanitization.",
"id": "GHSA-grjp-4jmr-mjcw",
"modified": "2022-09-30T04:42:55Z",
"published": "2022-09-27T00:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21169"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/AhmedAdelFahim/express-xss-sanitizer/issues/4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/AhmedAdelFahim/express-xss-sanitizer/commit/3bf8aaaf4dbb1c209dcb8d87a82711a54c1ab39a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/AhmedAdelFahim/express-xss-sanitizer"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://runkit.com/embed/w306l6zfm7tu"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-EXPRESSXSSSANITIZER-3027443"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "express-xss-sanitizer vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via allowedTags attribute"
}
GHSA-GRR5-5V7V-G4C4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-16 18:31An attacker could have sent a message to the parent process where the contents were used to double-index into a JavaScript object, leading to prototype pollution and ultimately attacker-controlled JavaScript executing in the privileged parent process. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 91.9.1, Firefox < 100.0.2, Firefox for Android < 100.3.0, and Thunderbird < 91.9.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1529"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An attacker could have sent a message to the parent process where the contents were used to double-index into a JavaScript object, leading to prototype pollution and ultimately attacker-controlled JavaScript executing in the privileged parent process. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR \u003c 91.9.1, Firefox \u003c 100.0.2, Firefox for Android \u003c 100.3.0, and Thunderbird \u003c 91.9.1.",
"id": "GHSA-grr5-5v7v-g4c4",
"modified": "2025-04-16T18:31:35Z",
"published": "2022-12-22T21:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1529"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1770048"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-19"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GVJW-8MMR-8F6G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-23 13:44Prototype pollution vulnerability in function convertLater in npm-convert.js in stealjs steal 2.2.4 via the packageName variable in npm-convert.js.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "steal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.3.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-37258"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-23T13:44:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-16T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Prototype pollution vulnerability in function convertLater in npm-convert.js in stealjs steal 2.2.4 via the packageName variable in npm-convert.js.",
"id": "GHSA-gvjw-8mmr-8f6g",
"modified": "2022-09-23T13:44:49Z",
"published": "2022-09-17T00:00:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37258"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/stealjs/steal/issues/1527"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/stealjs/steal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/stealjs/steal/blob/c9dd1eb19ed3f97aeb93cf9dcea5d68ad5d0ced9/ext/npm-convert.js#L362"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/stealjs/steal/blob/c9dd1eb19ed3f97aeb93cf9dcea5d68ad5d0ced9/ext/npm-convert.js#L369"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "steal vulnerable to Prototype Pollution"
}
GHSA-GVWQ-6FMX-28XM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-06 06:31 – Updated: 2025-04-10 12:50A prototype pollution in the function fieldsToJson of node-opcua-alarm-condition v2.134.0 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted payload.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "node-opcua-alarm-condition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.137.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-57086"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-10T12:50:02Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-05T22:15:32Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A prototype pollution in the function fieldsToJson of node-opcua-alarm-condition v2.134.0 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted payload.",
"id": "GHSA-gvwq-6fmx-28xm",
"modified": "2025-04-10T12:50:02Z",
"published": "2025-02-06T06:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/node-opcua/node-opcua/issues/1433#issuecomment-2791824350"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/tariqhawis/30acc3632cf595ca5825b7ec2b2f795a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/node-opcua/node-opcua"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/node-opcua/node-opcua/blob/330db56bb62bce9fff80382daee1fac94311978d/packages/node-opcua-alarm-condition/test/test_cve_polution_attack.ts"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "node-opcua-alarm-condition prototype pollution vulnerability"
}
GHSA-GXW4-WQJ9-7X83
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-30 21:31 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:32Prototype Pollution in chargeover redoc v2.0.9-rc.69 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) and cause other impacts via the function mergeObjects.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39011"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-30T20:15:04Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Prototype Pollution in chargeover redoc v2.0.9-rc.69 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) and cause other impacts via the function mergeObjects.",
"id": "GHSA-gxw4-wqj9-7x83",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:32:15Z",
"published": "2024-07-30T21:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/mestrtee/693ef1c8b0a5ff1ae19f253381711f3e"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H2JJ-59XJ-6R28
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-20 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-02 18:30Prototype Pollution in Visioweb.js 1.10.6 allows attackers to execute XSS on the client system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3901"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-20T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Prototype Pollution in Visioweb.js 1.10.6 allows attackers to execute XSS on the client system.",
"id": "GHSA-h2jj-59xj-6r28",
"modified": "2023-03-02T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2023-02-20T21:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3901"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://csirt.divd.nl/CVE-2022-3901"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H2Q9-88FW-GPMP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-12 18:31 – Updated: 2025-02-20 21:30In Progress® Telerik® KendoReact versions v3.5.0 through v9.4.0, an attacker can introduce or modify properties within the global prototype chain which can result in denial of service or command injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-12629"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-12T16:15:39Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Progress\u00ae Telerik\u00ae KendoReact versions v3.5.0 through v9.4.0, an attacker can introduce or modify properties within the global prototype chain which can result in denial of service or command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-h2q9-88fw-gpmp",
"modified": "2025-02-20T21:30:50Z",
"published": "2025-02-12T18:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12629"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.telerik.com/kendo-react-ui/components/knowledge-base/kb-security-protoype-pollution-2024-12629"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H342-5V8G-H229
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-12 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-14 12:00Prototype pollution vulnerability in beautify-web js-beautify 1.13.7 via the name variable in options.js.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-37609"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-11T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Prototype pollution vulnerability in beautify-web js-beautify 1.13.7 via the name variable in options.js.",
"id": "GHSA-h342-5v8g-h229",
"modified": "2022-10-14T12:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-10-12T12:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37609"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/beautify-web/js-beautify/issues/2106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/beautify-web/js-beautify/blob/6fa891e982cc3d615eed9a1a20a4fc50721bff16/js/src/core/options.js#L167"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/beautify-web/js-beautify/blob/6fa891e982cc3d615eed9a1a20a4fc50721bff16/js/src/core/options.js#L167.aa"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H3RX-G5C9-8Q4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-10 18:37 – Updated: 2022-12-03 03:40The package bmoor before 0.8.12 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the set function.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "bmoor"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.8.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-7736"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-04-22T22:35:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-02T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The package bmoor before 0.8.12 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the set function.",
"id": "GHSA-h3rx-g5c9-8q4x",
"modified": "2022-12-03T03:40:15Z",
"published": "2021-05-10T18:37:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7736"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/b-heilman/bmoor/commit/7d4a086a1dc3ef11ed0b323824d02348734b7da5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/b-heilman/bmoor"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-BMOOR-598664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/bmoor"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Prototype Pollution in bmoor"
}
GHSA-H466-J336-74WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-02-07 18:17 – Updated: 2023-09-07 18:22Versions of mpath before 0.5.1 are vulnerable to prototype pollution. Provided certain input mpath can add or modify properties of the Object prototype. These properties will be present on all objects.
Recommendation
Update to version 0.5.1 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "mpath"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-16490"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321",
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:38:42Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Versions of `mpath` before 0.5.1 are vulnerable to prototype pollution. Provided certain input `mpath` can add or modify properties of the `Object` prototype. These properties will be present on all objects.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version `0.5.1` or later.",
"id": "GHSA-h466-j336-74wx",
"modified": "2023-09-07T18:22:30Z",
"published": "2019-02-07T18:17:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16490"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/390860"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-h466-j336-74wx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/779"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Prototype Pollution in mpath"
}
Mitigation
By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
Mitigation
By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
Mitigation
By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
Mitigation
Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.