Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-126

Allowed

Buffer Over-read

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

The product reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations after the targeted buffer.

1043 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-0930 (GCVE-0-2026-0930)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-20 21:28 – Updated: 2026-04-21 13:37
VLAI
Title
Potential wolfSSHd Buffer out-of-bounds Read on Windows Handling Terminal Resize
Summary
Potential read out of bounds case with wolfSSHd on Windows while handling a terminal resize request. An authenticated user could trigger the out of bounds read after establishing a connection which would leak the adjacent stack memory to the pseudo-console output.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-21 13:37 UTC
CWE
Assigner
wolfSSL CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 80/100 over 51 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
wolfSSL wolfSSH Affected: 1.4.15 , < 1.5.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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GCVE-1988-2026-0423

Vulnerability from gna-1988 – Published: 2026-10-02 04:57 – Updated: 2026-10-02 04:57
VLAI
Title
[NotCVE-2026-0019] game-music-emu through 0.6.5 VGM Command Interpreter Missing Operand Length Check Allows Heap Out-of-Bounds Read
Summary
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- NotCVE Advisory — NotCVE-2026-0019 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [-] Summary: An out-of-bounds read in the VGM command interpreter of game-music-emu (libgme), the open-source video game music emulation library, allows an attacker who supplies a crafted .vgm or .vgz file to read heap memory past the end of the buffer holding the file. The read happens as soon as playback begins. CVSS:3.1 5.4 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L). [-] Affected: game-music-emu (libgme) through 0.6.5 (present in 0.6.0, 0.6.3 and 0.6.5), and master as of commit fe8da4b. Default builds; no fixed version is verified. [-] Technical Description: The command loop of Vgm_Emu_Impl::run_commands() (gme/Vgm_Emu_Impl.cpp) is bounded only by while ( vgm_time < end_time && pos < data_end ) which validates the position of the opcode byte and nothing else. Each opcode handler then fetches its operands from pos unconditionally. The source records the gap in a TODO at the loop head: "be sure there are enough bytes left in stream for particular command so we don't read past end". When a command stream ends right after an opcode byte, the operand fetch crosses the end of the allocation made by Gme_File::load_(). Maximum over-read per handler: - PSG and Game Gear register writes (*pos++): 1 byte - 16-bit delay 0x61 (pos[0], pos[1]): up to 2 bytes - YM2413 and YM2612 register writes: up to 2 bytes - PCM seek 0xE0 (pos[0] .. pos[3]): up to 4 bytes - data block header 0x67 (pos[1], get_le32( pos + 2 )): up to 6 bytes The bytes read are consumed as sound-chip register data, so adjacent heap contents can influence the decoded audio (limited, indirect disclosure). AddressSanitizer aborts on the over-read; the researcher's two proof-of-concept files reproduce it at two sites (a trailing 0x50 PSG write and a trailing 0x67 data block header). Under a standard allocator a read of this size normally stays within the same chunk, so a crash is layout-dependent rather than reliable. No write, length control or code execution is shown. Reachability: VGM/VGZ support is in the default build. FFmpeg's libavformat/libgme.c calls gme_open_data() and then gme_start_track() inside read_header_gme(), so a server-side transcoder reaches the defect while merely reading a file's header. VLC exposes the library through its gme demux module, which handles VGM and VGZ. Weaknesses: CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read CWE-126: Buffer Over-read CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers [-] Credit: Discovered by netspacer1124 (https://github.com/netspacer1124). [-] Full Details and Updates: https://notcve.org/notcve/NotCVE-2026-0019 [-] Main References: https://github.com/libgme/game-music-emu https://raw.githubusercontent.com/libgme/game-music-emu/0.6.5/gme/Vgm_Emu_Impl.cpp https://ffmpeg.org/doxygen/5.1/libgme_8c_source.html [-] About NotCVE: NotCVE (https://notcve.org) assigns public, timestamped NotCVE IDs to vulnerabilities not acknowledged by vendors. Vendor will not assign a CVE? Request a NotCVE: https://notcve.org/form/ · Contributors: https://notcve.org/hall/ _______________________________________________ Sent through the Full Disclosure mailing list https://nmap.org/mailman/listinfo/fulldisclosure Web Archives & RSS: https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
VULNARCHIVE GNA GNA-1988
GNA scorecard E 38/100 over 445 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Credits

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GCVE-1988-2026-0422

Vulnerability from gna-1988 – Published: 2026-10-02 04:57 – Updated: 2026-10-02 04:57
VLAI
Title
[NotCVE-2026-0018] game-music-emu (libgme) through 0.6.5 Unbounded GYM Command Loop Allows Heap Out-of-Bounds Read
Summary
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- NotCVE Advisory — NotCVE-2026-0018 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [-] Summary: An out-of-bounds read in the GYM playback path of game-music-emu (libgme), the open-source video game music emulation library, allows an attacker who supplies a crafted .gym file to read heap memory past the end of the allocation holding the file contents, potentially terminating the process. CVSS:3.1 5.4 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L). [-] Affected: game-music-emu (libgme) through 0.6.5 (present since at least 0.5.5), and master as of commit fe8da4b. No fixed version is verified: upstream issue #166, opened on 13 July 2026, describes the parse_frame defect and has had no maintainer response. [-] Technical Description: The command loop of Gym_Emu::parse_frame() in gme/Gym_Emu.cpp is while ( (cmd = *pos++) != 0 ) and terminates only on a 0x00 byte, with no bound against data_end. Operands are then read unconditionally after the opcode: int data = *pos++ and, for a YM2612 port-0 register write (cmd == 1), a second int data2 = *pos++. A file whose final frame ends mid-command therefore reads 1 to 2 bytes past the end of the buffer. The if ( pos >= data_end ) check only runs after the loop has already walked off the end. A second, broader unbounded scan exists in run_dac(), which looks ahead with while ( (cmd = *p++) != 0 ) and no data_end bound at all. When the final frame contains a DAC write (YM2612 register 0x2A on port 0) and no 0x00 follows before the end of the allocation, it can walk arbitrarily far past the buffer, stopping on whatever zero byte adjacent heap memory supplies. This second path is confirmed by reading the source at master and 0.6.5, but is not exercised by the supplied proof-of-concept files. Reachability: both paths run from gme_start_track() as soon as playback begins (Music_Emu::start_track() -> ... -> Gym_Emu::play_frame() -> parse_frame()). The file only needs the 428-byte GYMX header for gme_identify_header() to route it to Gym_Emu. FFmpeg's libavformat/libgme.c and VLC's modules/demux/gme.c both hand attacker-supplied bytes to this path. The metadata (track length) path is not affected. Weaknesses: CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read CWE-126: Buffer Over-read CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers [-] Credit: Discovered by netspacer1124 (https://github.com/netspacer1124). [-] Full Details and Updates: https://notcve.org/notcve/NotCVE-2026-0018 [-] Main References: https://github.com/libgme/game-music-emu/issues/166 https://raw.githubusercontent.com/libgme/game-music-emu/0.6.5/gme/Gym_Emu.cpp https://github.com/libgme/game-music-emu [-] About NotCVE: NotCVE (https://notcve.org) assigns public, timestamped NotCVE IDs to vulnerabilities not acknowledged by vendors. Vendor will not assign a CVE? Request a NotCVE: https://notcve.org/form/ · Contributors: https://notcve.org/hall/ _______________________________________________ Sent through the Full Disclosure mailing list https://nmap.org/mailman/listinfo/fulldisclosure Web Archives & RSS: https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
VULNARCHIVE GNA GNA-1988
GNA scorecard E 38/100 over 445 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Credits

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CVE-2025-66038 (GCVE-0-2025-66038)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-30 17:03 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:15
VLAI
Title
OpenSC: `sc_compacttlv_find_tag` can return out-of-bounds pointers
Summary
OpenSC is an open source smart card tools and middleware. Prior to version 0.27.0, sc_compacttlv_find_tag searches a compact-TLV buffer for a given tag. In compact-TLV, a single byte encodes the tag (high nibble) and value length (low nibble). With a 1-byte buffer {0x0A}, the encoded element claims tag=0 and length=10 but no value bytes follow. Calling sc_compacttlv_find_tag with search tag 0x00 returns a pointer equal to buf+1 and outlen=10 without verifying that the claimed value length fits within the remaining buffer. In cases where the sc_compacttlv_find_tag is provided untrusted data (such as being read from cards/files), attackers may be able to influence it to return out-of-bounds pointers leading to downstream memory corruption when subsequent code tries to dereference the pointer. This issue has been patched in version 0.27.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-01 18:15 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7730 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenSC OpenSC Affected: < 0.27.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62792 (GCVE-0-2025-62792)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-29 16:50 – Updated: 2025-10-29 18:10
VLAI
Title
Wazuh vulnerable to Heap-based Buffer Over-read in w_expression_match
Summary
Wazuh is a free and open source platform used for threat prevention, detection, and response. Prior to 4.12.0, a buffer over-read occurs in w_expression_match() when strlen() is called on str_test, because the corresponding buffer is not being properly NULL terminated during its allocation in OS_CleanMSG(). A compromised agent can cause a READ operation beyond the end of the allocated buffer (which may contain sensitive information) by sending a specially crafted message to the wazuh manager. An attacker who is able to craft and send an agent message to the wazuh manager can cause a buffer over-read and potentially access sensitive data. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-29 18:10 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7730 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
wazuh wazuh Affected: < 4.12.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62787 (GCVE-0-2025-62787)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-29 16:30 – Updated: 2025-10-29 17:38
VLAI
Title
Wazuh Vulnerable to Heap-based Buffer Over-read in DecodeWinevt
Summary
Wazuh is a free and open source platform used for threat prevention, detection, and response. Prior to 4.10.2, a buffer over-read occurs in DecodeWinevt() when child_attr[p]->attributes[j] is accessed, because the corresponding index (j) is incorrect. A compromised agent can cause a READ operation beyond the end of the allocated buffer (which may contain sensitive information) by sending a specially crafted message to the wazuh manager. An attacker who is able to craft and send an agent message to the wazuh manager can cause a buffer over-read and potentially access sensitive data. While the buffer over-read is always triggered while resolving the arguments of mdebug2, specific configuration options (analysisd.debug=2) need to be in place for the respective data to be leaked. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.10.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-29 17:38 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7730 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
wazuh wazuh Affected: < 4.10.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62560 (GCVE-0-2025-62560)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 17:56 – Updated: 2026-04-16 14:18
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Untrusted pointer dereference in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-10 04:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
microsoft CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3957 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Excel 2016 Affected: 16.0.0.0 , < 16.0.5530.1000 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office 2019 Affected: 19.0.0 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC 2024 Affected: 16.0.0 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2021 Affected: 16.0.1 , < 16.104.25121423 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2024 Affected: 16.0.0 , < 16.104.25121423 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Office Online Server Affected: 16.0.0.0 , < 16.0.10417.20075 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-09 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62473 (GCVE-0-2025-62473)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 17:55 – Updated: 2026-04-16 14:18
VLAI
Title
Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Buffer over-read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-09 20:17 UTC
CWE
Assigner
microsoft CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3957 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8688 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6691 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6691 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7462 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.28064 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.28064 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23666 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23666 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25815 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25815 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22920 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22920 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8688 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8688 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4529 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2025 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-09 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62467 (GCVE-0-2025-62467)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 17:55 – Updated: 2026-04-16 14:18
VLAI
Title
Windows Projected File System Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Projected File System allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-10 04:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
microsoft CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3957 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6691 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6691 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4529 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-09 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62464 (GCVE-0-2025-62464)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 17:55 – Updated: 2026-04-16 14:18
VLAI
Title
Windows Projected File System Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Buffer over-read in Windows Projected File System allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-10 04:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
microsoft CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3957 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6691 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6691 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4529 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-09 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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          ]
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      "providerMetadata": {
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        "orgId": "f38d906d-7342-40ea-92c1-6c4a2c6478c8",
        "shortName": "microsoft"
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        }
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      "title": "Windows Projected File System Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability"
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    "dateReserved": "2025-10-14T18:24:58.484Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-16T14:18:46.211Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.