Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-122
AllowedHeap-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
4578 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-42046 (GCVE-0-2026-42046)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-11 21:23 – Updated: 2026-05-12 13:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
libcaca: Heap OOB write in canvas import functions caused by int overflow
Summary
libcaca is a colour ASCII art library. In 0.99.beta20 and earlier, an integer overflow vulnerability in libcaca's canvas import functionality allows an attacker to cause a controlled heap out-of-bounds write (heap overflow) by supplying a crafted file in the "caca" format. Depending on the build configuration and memory allocator, this may lead to memory corruption or remote code execution. This is the same vulnerability as CVE-2021-3410 but the fix at that time was not fully correct. Commit fb77acff9ba6bb01d53940da34fb10f20b156a23 fixes this vulnerability.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-12 13:16 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cacalabs/libcaca/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cacalabs/libcaca/issues/86 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cacalabs/libcaca/commit/fb77ac… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-41981 (GCVE-0-2026-41981)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 07:11 – Updated: 2026-06-09 12:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the IPC module. Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-09 12:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-41509 (GCVE-0-2026-41509)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 13:47 – Updated: 2026-05-08 14:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Integer underflow in crypto_sign_open() leads to buffer overflow
Summary
CROSS implementation contains reference and optimized implementations of the CROSS post-quantum signature algorithm. Prior to commit fc6b7e7, there is a buffer overflow in crypto_sign_open() caused by an underflow of the integer mlen. This issue has been patched via commit fc6b7e7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-08 14:15 UTC
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/CROSS-signature/CROSS-implemen… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/CROSS-signature/CROSS-implemen… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CROSS-signature | CROSS-implementation |
Affected:
< fc6b7e78cdf789bb5c395a81dc601356f1383da0
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CVE-2026-41445 (GCVE-0-2026-41445)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-20 16:18 – Updated: 2026-07-14 20:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
KissFFT Integer Overflow Heap Buffer Overflow via kiss_fftndr_alloc()
Summary
KissFFT before commit 8a8e66e contains an integer overflow vulnerability in the kiss_fftndr_alloc() function in kiss_fftndr.c where the allocation size calculation dimOther*(dimReal+2)*sizeof(kiss_fft_scalar) overflows signed 32-bit integer arithmetic before being widened to size_t, causing malloc() to allocate an undersized buffer. Attackers can trigger heap buffer overflow by providing crafted dimensions that cause the multiplication to exceed INT_MAX, allowing writes beyond the allocated buffer region when kiss_fftndr() processes the data.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-20 17:54 UTC
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mborgerding/kissfft/commit/8a8… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/kissfft-inte… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mborgerding | kissfft |
Affected:
0 , < 8a8e66e33d692bad1376fe7904d87d767730537f
(git)
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CVE-2026-41252 (GCVE-0-2026-41252)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-20 16:29 – Updated: 2026-07-23 03:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
xrdp: lib_palette_update Heap Buffer Overflow & RCE
Summary
xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a missing bounds check in xrdp, which allows a heap-based buffer overflow when operating in vnc-any mode. The issue occurs during the handling of RFB protocol color map messages from a VNC server, where incoming color indices are not properly validated. A malicious VNC server can exploit this flaw by sending crafted messages with out-of-range values, leading to an out-of-bounds write on the heap. This memory corruption can result in a denial of service (DoS) or potentially allow remote code execution (RCE) prior to authentication. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-22 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xrdp/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xrdp/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| neutrinolabs | xrdp |
Affected:
< 0.10.6.1
|
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CVE-2026-41108 (GCVE-0-2026-41108)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:04 – Updated: 2026-08-25 22:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows DNS Client Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Windows DNS allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 03:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
20 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7417
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7417
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8655
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8655
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 26H1 |
Affected:
10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26132
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26132
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5256
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
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CVE-2026-41096 (GCVE-0-2026-41096)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 16:58 – Updated: 2026-08-10 15:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows DNS Client Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Windows DNS allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-13 03:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
8 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7079
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8457
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8457
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 26H1 |
Affected:
10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2113
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2330
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32860
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32860
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-05-12 14:00
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CVE-2026-40706 (GCVE-0-2026-40706)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-21 00:00 – Updated: 2026-04-22 15:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In NTFS-3G 2022.10.3 before 2026.2.25, a heap buffer overflow exists in ntfs_build_permissions_posix() in acls.c that allows an attacker to corrupt heap memory in the SUID-root ntfs-3g binary by crafting a malicious NTFS image. The overflow is triggered on the READ path (stat, readdir, open) when processing a security descriptor with multiple ACCESS_DENIED ACEs containing WRITE_OWNER from distinct group SIDs.
Severity
8.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-22 13:03 UTC
CWE
- CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-40691 (GCVE-0-2026-40691)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-22 13:04 – Updated: 2026-07-22 14:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Packet of death for DNSCrypt over TCP
Summary
In Unbound 1.9.0 up to and including 1.25.1, when a DNSCrypt query is received over TCP, the routine that encrypts the reply in place fails to bound the reply length against the destination buffer size. The size clamp that protects the UDP path is not applied on the TCP path, so a reply larger than 65504 bytes is shifted forward by 48 bytes inside a buffer of capacity equal to 'msg-buffer-size', writing past the end of the heap allocation. A single malicious encrypted query crashes the resolver and lead to denial of service. This vulnerability needs Unbound to be compiled with DNSCrypt support ('--enable-dnscrypt') and the 'dnscrypt:' clause to be configured and enabled for the listening interfaces.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-22 14:30 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/unbound/CVE-20… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NLnet Labs | Unbound |
Affected:
1.9.0 , < 1.25.2
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-07-22 00:00
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CVE-2026-40614 (GCVE-0-2026-40614)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-21 18:04 – Updated: 2026-04-22 13:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PJSIP: Heap buffer overflow in Opus codec decoding
Summary
PJSIP is a free and open source multimedia communication library written in C. In 2.16 and earlier, there is a buffer overflow when decoding Opus audio frames due to insufficient buffer size validation in the Opus codec decode path. The FEC decode buffers (dec_frame[].buf) were allocated based on a PCM-derived formula: (sample_rate/1000) * 60 * channel_cnt * 2. At 8 kHz mono this yields only 960 bytes, but codec_parse() can output encoded frames up to MAX_ENCODED_PACKET_SIZE (1280) bytes via opus_repacketizer_out_range(). The three pj_memcpy() calls in codec_decode() copied input->size bytes without bounds checking, causing a heap buffer overflow.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-22 13:32 UTC
CWE
- CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/17897e8… | x_refsource_MISC |
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"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-22T13:33:23.816Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "pjproject",
"vendor": "pjsip",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c= 2.16"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "PJSIP is a free and open source multimedia communication library written in C. In 2.16 and earlier, there is a buffer overflow when decoding Opus audio frames due to insufficient buffer size validation in the Opus codec decode path. The FEC decode buffers (dec_frame[].buf) were allocated based on a PCM-derived formula: (sample_rate/1000) * 60 * channel_cnt * 2. At 8 kHz mono this yields only 960 bytes, but codec_parse() can output encoded frames up to MAX_ENCODED_PACKET_SIZE (1280) bytes via opus_repacketizer_out_range(). The three pj_memcpy() calls in codec_decode() copied input-\u003esize bytes without bounds checking, causing a heap buffer overflow."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 8.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-122",
"description": "CWE-122: Heap-based Buffer Overflow",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-21T18:04:15.159Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advisories/GHSA-j59p-4xrr-fp8g",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advisories/GHSA-j59p-4xrr-fp8g"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/17897e835818f8ee03b1806ddcd7b95ea16d2c0e",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/17897e835818f8ee03b1806ddcd7b95ea16d2c0e"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-j59p-4xrr-fp8g",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "PJSIP: Heap buffer overflow in Opus codec decoding"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-40614",
"datePublished": "2026-04-21T18:04:15.159Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-14T14:07:59.642Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-22T13:33:23.816Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Pre-design: Use a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation
Implementation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Look for their safe equivalent, which checks for the boundary.
Mitigation
Operation
Use OS-level preventative functionality. This is not a complete solution, but it provides some defense in depth.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow
This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.