Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-116

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.

805 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-6W8H-26XX-CF8Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-21 22:37 – Updated: 2022-11-21 22:37
VLAI
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection') in org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu-ui
Details

Impact

Any user with view rights on commonly accessible documents including the menu macro can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki leading to full access to the XWiki installation due to improper escaping of the macro content and parameters of the menu macro.

The issue can be demonstrated by opening <server>/xwiki/bin/view/Main?sheet=CKEditor.HTMLConverter&language=en&sourceSyntax=xwiki%2F2.1&stripHTMLEnvelope=true&fromHTML=false&toHTML=true&text=%7B%7Bmenu%7D%7D%7B%7Bcache+id%3D%22menuMacro%22%7D%7D%7B%7Bgroovy%7D%7Dprintln%28%22Hello+from+Groovy%21%22%29%7B%7B%2Fgroovy%7D%7D%7B%7B%2Fcache%7D%7D%7B%7B%2Fmenu%7D%7D where <server> is the URL of the XWiki installation. If this displays "Hello from Groovy!", the installation is vulnerable.

Patches

The problem has been patched in XWiki 14.6RC1, 13.10.8 and 14.4.3.

Workarounds

The patch for the document Menu.MenuMacro can be manually applied or a XAR archive of a patched version can be imported. The menu macro was basically unchanged since XWiki 11.6 so on XWiki 11.6 or later the patch for version of 13.10.8 can most likely be applied, on XWiki version 14.0 and later the versions in XWiki 14.6 and 14.4.3 should be appropriate.

References

  • https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/2fc20891e6c6b0ca05ee07e315e7f435e8919f8d
  • https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-19857

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in Jira XWiki.org * Email us at Security Mailing List

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu-ui"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "13.10.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu-ui"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "14.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.4.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-41934"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116",
      "CWE-74"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-21T22:37:27Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-23T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nAny user with view rights on commonly accessible documents including the menu macro can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki leading to full access to the XWiki installation due to improper escaping of the macro content and parameters of the menu macro.\n\nThe issue can be demonstrated by opening `\u003cserver\u003e/xwiki/bin/view/Main?sheet=CKEditor.HTMLConverter\u0026language=en\u0026sourceSyntax=xwiki%2F2.1\u0026stripHTMLEnvelope=true\u0026fromHTML=false\u0026toHTML=true\u0026text=%7B%7Bmenu%7D%7D%7B%7Bcache+id%3D%22menuMacro%22%7D%7D%7B%7Bgroovy%7D%7Dprintln%28%22Hello+from+Groovy%21%22%29%7B%7B%2Fgroovy%7D%7D%7B%7B%2Fcache%7D%7D%7B%7B%2Fmenu%7D%7D` where `\u003cserver\u003e` is the URL of the XWiki installation. If this displays \"Hello from Groovy!\", the installation is vulnerable.\n\n### Patches\nThe problem has been patched in XWiki 14.6RC1, 13.10.8 and 14.4.3.\n\n### Workarounds\nThe [patch](https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/2fc20891e6c6b0ca05ee07e315e7f435e8919f8d) for the document `Menu.MenuMacro` can be manually applied or a XAR archive of a patched version can be [imported](https://www.xwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Documentation/UserGuide/Features/Imports#HImportingXWikipages). The menu macro was basically unchanged since XWiki 11.6 so on XWiki 11.6 or later the [patch for version of 13.10.8](https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/59ccca24a8465a19f40c51d65fcc2c09c1edea16) can most likely be applied, on XWiki version 14.0 and later the versions in XWiki 14.6 and 14.4.3 should be appropriate.\n\n### References\n* https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/2fc20891e6c6b0ca05ee07e315e7f435e8919f8d\n* https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-19857\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [Jira XWiki.org](https://jira.xwiki.org/)\n* Email us at [Security Mailing List](mailto:security@xwiki.org)\n",
  "id": "GHSA-6w8h-26xx-cf8q",
  "modified": "2022-11-21T22:37:27Z",
  "published": "2022-11-21T22:37:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-6w8h-26xx-cf8q"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41934"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/2fc20891e6c6b0ca05ee07e315e7f435e8919f8d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/59ccca24a8465a19f40c51d65fcc2c09c1edea16"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-19857"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.xwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Documentation/UserGuide/Features/Imports#HImportingXWikipages"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code (\u0027Eval Injection\u0027) in org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu-ui"
}

GHSA-6X6Q-GHQW-XCMG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-13 21:30 – Updated: 2023-01-23 18:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in gitlearn. It has been declared as problematic. This vulnerability affects the function getGrade/getOutOf of the file scripts/config.sh of the component Escape Sequence Handler. The manipulation leads to injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The name of the patch is 3faa5deaa509012069afe75cd03c21bda5050a64. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. VDB-218302 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-10040"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116",
      "CWE-74"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-13T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in gitlearn. It has been declared as problematic. This vulnerability affects the function getGrade/getOutOf of the file scripts/config.sh of the component Escape Sequence Handler. The manipulation leads to injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The name of the patch is 3faa5deaa509012069afe75cd03c21bda5050a64. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. VDB-218302 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-6x6q-ghqw-xcmg",
  "modified": "2023-01-23T18:30:19Z",
  "published": "2023-01-13T21:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-10040"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mikeizbicki/gitlearn/pull/31"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mikeizbicki/gitlearn/commit/3faa5deaa509012069afe75cd03c21bda5050a64"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.218302"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.218302"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6XG5-VVC4-9MRX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-05 21:30 – Updated: 2024-03-05 21:30
VLAI
Details

IBM Aspera Faspex 5.0.0 and 5.0.1 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers. This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting, cache poisoning or session hijacking. IBM X-Force ID: 222562.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-22399"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116",
      "CWE-644"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-05T20:16:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Aspera Faspex 5.0.0 and 5.0.1 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers.  This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting, cache poisoning or session hijacking.  IBM X-Force ID:  222562.",
  "id": "GHSA-6xg5-vvc4-9mrx",
  "modified": "2024-03-05T21:30:25Z",
  "published": "2024-03-05T21:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22399"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/222562"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6618959"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7458-M52P-XFQF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:11
VLAI
Details

The MiCollab Client Service component in Mitel MiCollab before 9.3 could allow an attacker to view sensitive system information through an HTTP response due to insufficient output sanitization.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-32067"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-13T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The MiCollab Client Service component in Mitel MiCollab before 9.3 could allow an attacker to view sensitive system information through an HTTP response due to insufficient output sanitization.",
  "id": "GHSA-7458-m52p-xfqf",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:05Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:11:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32067"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories/mitel-product-security-advisory-21-0005"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-74JP-VM22-8Q8X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-20 23:02 – Updated: 2026-07-20 23:02
VLAI
Summary
Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2026-50659 – .NET Spoofing Vulnerability
Details

Executive summary

Microsoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in .NET SMTP client (System.Net.Mail). This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to remove this vulnerability.

A spoofing vulnerability exists in the SMTP client implementation (System.Net.Mail) in .NET 8, .NET 9, and .NET 10, where an attacker can spoof messages during message routing.

Announcement

Announcement for this issue can be found at https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/TBD

CVSS Details

  • Version: 3.1
  • Severity: Medium
  • Score: 6.5
  • Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
  • Weakness: CWE-116 (Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output)

Affected Platforms

  • Platforms: All
  • Architectures: All

Affected Packages

The vulnerability affects any Microsoft .NET project if it uses any of affected package versions listed below

.NET 10.0

Package name Affected version Patched version
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10

.NET 9.0

Package name Affected version Patched version
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18

.NET 8.0

Package name Affected version Patched version
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29

Advisory FAQ

How do I know if I am affected?

If using a package listed in affected packages, you're exposed to the vulnerability.

How do I fix the issue?

  1. To fix the issue please install the latest version of .NET. If you have installed one or more .NET SDKs through Visual Studio, Visual Studio will prompt you to update Visual Studio, which will also update your .NET SDKs.
  2. If your application references the vulnerable nuget package, update the package reference to the patched version. You can list the versions you have installed by running the dotnet --info command.

Once you have installed the updated runtime or SDK, restart your apps for the update to take effect.

Additionally, if you've deployed self-contained applications targeting any of the impacted versions, these applications are also vulnerable and must be recompiled and redeployed.

Other Information

Reporting Security Issues

If you have found a potential security issue in a supported version of .NET, please report it to the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) via the MSRC Researcher Portal. Further information can be found in the MSRC Report an Issue FAQ.

Security reports made through MSRC may qualify for the Microsoft .NET Bounty. Details of the Microsoft .NET Bounty Program including terms and conditions are at https://aka.ms/corebounty.

Support

You can ask questions about this issue on GitHub in the .NET GitHub organization. The main repos are located at https://github.com/dotnet/runtime. The Announcements repo (https://github.com/dotnet/Announcements) will contain this bulletin as an issue and will include a link to a discussion issue. You can ask questions in the linked discussion issue.

Disclaimer

The information provided in this advisory is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.

External Links

CVE-2026-50659

Acknowledgements

hamayanhamayan

Revisions

V1.0 (July 14, 2026): Advisory published.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm"
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      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
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              "introduced": "10.0.0"
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            {
              "fixed": "10.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
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      ]
    },
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      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64"
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      "ranges": [
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      "package": {
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        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64"
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      "ranges": [
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          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
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      "database_specific": {
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      "package": {
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      "package": {
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        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm"
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      "package": {
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    {
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      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64"
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      "ranges": [
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              "introduced": "9.0.0"
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    },
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      "database_specific": {
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      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
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              "introduced": "9.0.0"
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            {
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    },
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      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.17"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
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            {
              "fixed": "9.0.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.17"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.17"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.17"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.17"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-50659"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-20T23:02:29Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T20:17:38Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Executive summary\n\nMicrosoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in .NET SMTP client (System.Net.Mail). This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to remove this vulnerability.\n\nA spoofing vulnerability exists in the SMTP client implementation (System.Net.Mail) in .NET 8, .NET 9, and .NET 10, where an attacker can spoof messages during message routing.\n\n## Announcement\n\nAnnouncement for this issue can be found at https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/**TBD**\n\n## CVSS Details\n\n- **Version:** 3.1\n- **Severity:** Medium\n- **Score:** 6.5\n- **Vector:** `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N`\n- **Weakness:** CWE-116 (Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output)\n\n## Affected Platforms\n\n- **Platforms:** All\n- **Architectures:** All\n\n## \u003ca name=\"affected-packages\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eAffected Packages\nThe vulnerability affects any Microsoft .NET project if it uses any of affected package versions listed below\n\n### \u003ca name=\".NET 10.0\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.NET 10.0\nPackage name | Affected version | Patched version\n------------ | ---------------- | -------------------------\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n\n### \u003ca name=\".NET 9.0\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.NET 9.0\nPackage name | Affected version | Patched version\n------------ | ---------------- | -------------------------\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n\n### \u003ca name=\".NET 8.0\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.NET 8.0\nPackage name | Affected version | Patched version\n------------ | ---------------- | -------------------------\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n\n## Advisory FAQ\n\n### \u003ca name=\"how-affected\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eHow do I know if I am affected?\n\nIf using a package listed in [affected packages](#affected-packages), you\u0027re exposed to the vulnerability.\n\n### \u003ca name=\"how-fix\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eHow do I fix the issue?\n\n1. To fix the issue please install the latest version of .NET. If you have installed one or more .NET SDKs through Visual Studio, Visual Studio will prompt you to update Visual Studio, which will also update your .NET SDKs.\n2. If your application references the vulnerable nuget package, update the package reference to the patched version. You can list the versions you have installed by running the `dotnet --info` command.\n\nOnce you have installed the updated runtime or SDK, restart your apps for the update to take effect.\n\nAdditionally, if you\u0027ve deployed [self-contained applications](https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/deploying/#self-contained-deployments-scd) targeting any of the impacted versions, these applications are also vulnerable and must be recompiled and redeployed.\n\n## Other Information\n\n### Reporting Security Issues\n\nIf you have found a potential security issue in a supported version of .NET, please report it to the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) via the [MSRC Researcher Portal](https://msrc.microsoft.com/report/vulnerability/new). Further information can be found in the MSRC [Report an Issue FAQ](https://www.microsoft.com/msrc/faqs-report-an-issue).\n\nSecurity reports made through MSRC may qualify for the Microsoft .NET Bounty. Details of the Microsoft .NET Bounty Program including terms and conditions are at https://aka.ms/corebounty.\n\n### Support\n\nYou can ask questions about this issue on GitHub in the .NET GitHub organization. The main repos are located at https://github.com/dotnet/runtime. The Announcements repo (https://github.com/dotnet/Announcements) will contain this bulletin as an issue and will include a link to a discussion issue. You can ask questions in the linked discussion issue.\n\n### Disclaimer\n\nThe information provided in this advisory is provided \"as is\" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.\n\n### External Links\n\n[CVE-2026-50659]( https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-50659)\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nhamayanhamayan\n\n### Revisions\n\nV1.0 (July 14, 2026): Advisory published.",
  "id": "GHSA-74jp-vm22-8q8x",
  "modified": "2026-07-20T23:02:30Z",
  "published": "2026-07-20T23:02:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/security/advisories/GHSA-74jp-vm22-8q8x"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50659"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/423"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/130716"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/dotnet/runtime"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-50659"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2026-50659 \u2013 .NET Spoofing Vulnerability"
}

GHSA-754J-98WH-57RF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-16 19:22 – Updated: 2026-10-16 19:22
VLAI
Summary
swoosh has email-derived URL path injection in Microsoft Graph endpoint
Details

Summary

Swoosh.Adapters.MsGraph builds its Microsoft Graph API request URL by interpolating the sender's email address directly into the URL path (/users/{from}/sendMail) without percent-encoding or validation. In applications that derive the from address from untrusted or user-influenced input (a relay, a contact form, or a "send as" feature), an attacker can inject URL-special characters into the local part of the address to escape the intended path segment and rewrite the request's path and query string. Because the rewritten request is still sent as the application's authenticated POST with its Microsoft Graph bearer token, the attacker can redirect it to other Graph endpoints within the token's scopes.

Details

The flaw is in lib/swoosh/adapters/ms_graph.ex. api_endpoint_url/2 constructs the Graph endpoint by interpolating the email's from address into the path /users/{from}/sendMail. The from value is taken verbatim from the email struct and is neither percent-encoded nor validated against the RFC 5321 character set before being placed into the URL. deliver/2 then issues an authenticated POST to that constructed URL using the application's Graph bearer token.

Because the address sits as the local part of /users/{from}/sendMail, characters such as /, ?, and # are not neutralized. A / lets the attacker append or replace additional path segments, a ? starts an attacker-controlled query string, and # truncates the remainder of the intended path. The result is that the authenticated request can be steered to a different Graph endpoint or carry attacker-chosen query parameters, all under the token's existing scopes. Applications that always send with a fixed, trusted from address never reach the injectable path and are unaffected.

PoC

  1. Configure an application to use Swoosh.Adapters.MsGraph and derive the email from address from user-influenced input (e.g. a contact form's reply address or a "send as" field).
  2. Submit a from address whose local part contains URL-special characters, for example one using /, ?, or # to escape the /users/{from}/sendMail path segment.
  3. Trigger delivery; Swoosh interpolates the address unencoded and sends the application's authenticated Graph POST to the attacker-rewritten path and query string.

Impact

An attacker who can influence the sender address can redirect an application's authenticated Microsoft Graph requests to other endpoints within the bearer token's scopes and control the request's query string, turning the mail-sending path into a constrained server-side request forgery against the Graph API.

References

  • Introduction commit: https://github.com/swoosh/swoosh/commit/23bfcdab71aee4613858ba6d116bb3311b72aa58
  • Patch commit: https://github.com/swoosh/swoosh/commit/e38235453e81d1727bfc8d91e69ec4cb211ccf61
  • Affected adapter source: https://github.com/swoosh/swoosh/blob/master/lib/swoosh/adapters/ms_graph.ex
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Hex",
        "name": "swoosh"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.12.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.26.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-54893"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116",
      "CWE-1284",
      "CWE-789"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-10-16T19:22:31Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-06T15:16:39Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\n`Swoosh.Adapters.MsGraph` builds its Microsoft Graph API request URL by interpolating the sender\u0027s email address directly into the URL path (`/users/{from}/sendMail`) without percent-encoding or validation. In applications that derive the `from` address from untrusted or user-influenced input (a relay, a contact form, or a \"send as\" feature), an attacker can inject URL-special characters into the local part of the address to escape the intended path segment and rewrite the request\u0027s path and query string. Because the rewritten request is still sent as the application\u0027s authenticated `POST` with its Microsoft Graph bearer token, the attacker can redirect it to other Graph endpoints within the token\u0027s scopes.\n\n### Details\n\nThe flaw is in `lib/swoosh/adapters/ms_graph.ex`. `api_endpoint_url/2` constructs the Graph endpoint by interpolating the email\u0027s `from` address into the path `/users/{from}/sendMail`. The `from` value is taken verbatim from the email struct and is neither percent-encoded nor validated against the RFC 5321 character set before being placed into the URL. `deliver/2` then issues an authenticated `POST` to that constructed URL using the application\u0027s Graph bearer token.\n\nBecause the address sits as the local part of `/users/{from}/sendMail`, characters such as `/`, `?`, and `#` are not neutralized. A `/` lets the attacker append or replace additional path segments, a `?` starts an attacker-controlled query string, and `#` truncates the remainder of the intended path. The result is that the authenticated request can be steered to a different Graph endpoint or carry attacker-chosen query parameters, all under the token\u0027s existing scopes. Applications that always send with a fixed, trusted `from` address never reach the injectable path and are unaffected.\n\n### PoC\n\n1. Configure an application to use `Swoosh.Adapters.MsGraph` and derive the email `from` address from user-influenced input (e.g. a contact form\u0027s reply address or a \"send as\" field).\n2. Submit a `from` address whose local part contains URL-special characters, for example one using `/`, `?`, or `#` to escape the `/users/{from}/sendMail` path segment.\n3. Trigger delivery; Swoosh interpolates the address unencoded and sends the application\u0027s authenticated Graph `POST` to the attacker-rewritten path and query string.\n\n### Impact\n\nAn attacker who can influence the sender address can redirect an application\u0027s authenticated Microsoft Graph requests to other endpoints within the bearer token\u0027s scopes and control the request\u0027s query string, turning the mail-sending path into a constrained server-side request forgery against the Graph API.\n\n### References\n\n* Introduction commit: https://github.com/swoosh/swoosh/commit/23bfcdab71aee4613858ba6d116bb3311b72aa58\n* Patch commit: https://github.com/swoosh/swoosh/commit/e38235453e81d1727bfc8d91e69ec4cb211ccf61\n* Affected adapter source: https://github.com/swoosh/swoosh/blob/master/lib/swoosh/adapters/ms_graph.ex",
  "id": "GHSA-754j-98wh-57rf",
  "modified": "2026-10-16T19:22:31Z",
  "published": "2026-10-16T19:22:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/swoosh/swoosh/security/advisories/GHSA-754j-98wh-57rf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54893"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/swoosh/swoosh/commit/23bfcdab71aee4613858ba6d116bb3311b72aa58"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/swoosh/swoosh/commit/e38235453e81d1727bfc8d91e69ec4cb211ccf61"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54893.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/swoosh/swoosh"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54893"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "swoosh has email-derived URL path injection in Microsoft Graph endpoint"
}

GHSA-75M6-45MM-WC4H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-09 21:31 – Updated: 2025-04-09 21:31
VLAI
Details

An Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in the Sampling Route Record Daemon (SRRD) of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to cause a Denial-of-Service (DoS).

When a device configured for flow-monitoring receives a specific BGP update message, it is correctly processed internally by the routing protocol daemon (rpd), but when it's sent to SRRD it's encoded incorrectly which leads to a crash and momentary interruption of jflow processing until it automatically restarts. This issue does not affect traffic forwarding itself. This issue affects Junos OS: 

  • All versions before 21.2R3-S9,
  • 21.4 versions before 21.4R3-S10,
  • 22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S6,
  • 22.4 versions before 22.4R3,
  • 23.2 versions before 23.2R1-S2, 23.2R2.

This issue does not affected Junos OS Evolved.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-30657"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-09T20:15:29Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in the Sampling Route Record Daemon (SRRD) of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to cause a Denial-of-Service (DoS).\n\nWhen a device configured for flow-monitoring receives a specific BGP update message, it is correctly processed internally by the routing protocol daemon (rpd), but when it\u0027s sent to SRRD it\u0027s encoded incorrectly which leads to a crash and momentary interruption of jflow processing until it automatically restarts. This issue does not affect traffic forwarding itself.\nThis issue affects Junos OS:\u00a0\n\n\n\n  *  All versions before 21.2R3-S9,\n  *  21.4 versions before 21.4R3-S10,\n  *  22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S6,\n  *  22.4 versions before 22.4R3,\n  *  23.2 versions before 23.2R1-S2, 23.2R2.\n\n\n\nThis issue does not affected Junos OS Evolved.",
  "id": "GHSA-75m6-45mm-wc4h",
  "modified": "2025-04-09T21:31:44Z",
  "published": "2025-04-09T21:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30657"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA96467"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:A/V:X/RE:M/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-785H-76CM-CPMF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-26 20:34 – Updated: 2025-03-26 20:34
VLAI
Summary
Django TomSelect incomplete escaping of dangerous characters in widget attributes
Details

Summary

User supplied values passed through to certain attributes in form widgets are not fully escaped for potentially dangerous tokens, and in some cases are rendered in browser as valid html tags.

Details

Attributes passed to the widget (such as label_field) containing <, >, and similar tokens are not fully escaped. This results in some raw values reaching the widget, and rendering in part or fully.

For example, a label of: "Test User <script>I can pass this to the label_field and it gets rendered</script>" is rendered in the choices's label visually as "Test User " with the trailing space, and what appears as an un-executed script tag following it (which is visible when viewing source).

The actual output rendered in the browser for this example is: <div role="option" data-value="63f205b6" class="item" data-ts-item="">Test User <script>I can pass this to the label_field and it gets rendered</script></div>

The script tags appears to be valid in Chrome dev tools, but doesn't appear execute code.

Impact

Although the risk may be mediated since the content within the rendered <script></script> tags does not seem to actually/immediately run, potential may exist for other ways of increasing the risk (e.g.: code injection). In addition, the widget does not display correctly for valid strings containing < or >. Valid use-cases for printing these characters include widget label fields displaying email addresses (e.g.: "User Jane <user.jane@example.com>"

Because of the relatively small number of users at this moment, our plan to yank affected releases on PyPI and GitHub, and because raw text is rendered but does not seem to be executable, I am marking the Severity Low.

Update to version 5.3.3. The only difference from 5.3.2 is the code and documentation changes to resolve this vulnerability, so the update process should not be problematic.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "django-tomselect"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2025.3.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116",
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-26T20:34:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nUser supplied values passed through to certain attributes in form widgets are not fully escaped for potentially dangerous tokens, and in some cases are rendered in browser as valid html tags.\n\n### Details\nAttributes passed to the widget (such as `label_field`) containing `\u003c`, `\u003e`, and similar tokens are not fully escaped. This results in some raw values reaching the widget, and rendering in part or fully.\n\nFor example, a label of: `\"Test User \u003cscript\u003eI can pass this to the label_field and it gets rendered\u003c/script\u003e\"` is rendered in the choices\u0027s label visually as `\"Test User \"` with the trailing space, and what appears as an un-executed script tag following it (which is visible when viewing source).\n\nThe actual output rendered in the browser for this example is: `\u003cdiv role=\"option\" data-value=\"63f205b6\" class=\"item\" data-ts-item=\"\"\u003eTest User \u003cscript\u003eI can pass this to the label_field and it gets rendered\u003c/script\u003e\u003c/div\u003e`\n\nThe script tags appears to be valid in Chrome dev tools, but doesn\u0027t appear execute code.\n\n### Impact\nAlthough the risk may be mediated since the content within the rendered `\u003cscript\u003e\u003c/script\u003e` tags does not seem to actually/immediately run, potential may exist for other ways of increasing the risk (e.g.: code injection).  In addition, the widget does not display correctly for valid strings containing `\u003c` or `\u003e`. Valid use-cases for printing these characters include widget label fields displaying email addresses (e.g.: `\"User Jane \u003cuser.jane@example.com\u003e\"`\n\nBecause of the relatively small number of users at this moment, our plan to yank affected releases on PyPI and GitHub, and because raw text is rendered but does not seem to be executable, I am marking the Severity **Low**.\n\nUpdate to version **5.3.3**. The only difference from 5.3.2 is the code and documentation changes to resolve this vulnerability, so the update process should not be problematic.",
  "id": "GHSA-785h-76cm-cpmf",
  "modified": "2025-03-26T20:34:02Z",
  "published": "2025-03-26T20:34:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OmenApps/django-tomselect/security/advisories/GHSA-785h-76cm-cpmf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OmenApps/django-tomselect/commit/0990ed36c8874f9d42fa9deff7734bf8dcd46d40"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/OmenApps/django-tomselect"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Django TomSelect incomplete escaping of dangerous characters in widget attributes"
}

GHSA-785X-QW4V-6872

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-09 22:00 – Updated: 2024-09-05 00:44
VLAI
Summary
Improper Output Neutralization and Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output for Logs in ansible
Details

An Improper Output Neutralization for Logs flaw was found in Ansible when using the uri module, where sensitive data is exposed to content and json output. This flaw allows an attacker to access the logs or outputs of performed tasks to read keys used in playbooks from other users within the uri module. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "ansible"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.10.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-14330"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116",
      "CWE-117",
      "CWE-532"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-04-05T16:14:01Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-09-11T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An Improper Output Neutralization for Logs flaw was found in Ansible when using the uri module, where sensitive data is exposed to content and json output. This flaw allows an attacker to access the logs or outputs of performed tasks to read keys used in playbooks from other users within the uri module. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality.",
  "id": "GHSA-785x-qw4v-6872",
  "modified": "2024-09-05T00:44:53Z",
  "published": "2022-02-09T22:00:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14330"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ansible/ansible/issues/68400"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ansible/ansible/pull/69653"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ansible/ansible/commit/e0f25a2b1f9e6c21f751ba0ed2dc2eee2152983e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2020-14330"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-785x-qw4v-6872"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ansible/ansible"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/ansible/PYSEC-2020-3.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4950"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Improper Output Neutralization and Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output for Logs in ansible"
}

GHSA-787J-GGJH-RHM6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-01 18:31
VLAI
Details

Improper Output Neutralization for Logs (CWE-117) in Kibana can lead to log injection via Log Injection-Tampering-Forging (CAPEC-93). An attacker can supply specially crafted input that is written to log files without proper neutralization. When the log files are subsequently viewed in a terminal that interprets control sequences, the injected content may alter the displayed log data.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-49091"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-01T18:16:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper Output Neutralization for Logs (CWE-117) in Kibana can lead to log injection via Log Injection-Tampering-Forging (CAPEC-93). An attacker can supply specially crafted input that is written to log files without proper neutralization. When the log files are subsequently viewed in a terminal that interprets control sequences, the injected content may alter the displayed log data.",
  "id": "GHSA-787j-ggjh-rhm6",
  "modified": "2026-07-01T18:31:56Z",
  "published": "2026-07-01T18:31:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49091"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/kibana-7-17-15-8-11-1-security-update-esa-2026-53"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-4.3
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
  • Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

  • If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
  • For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).

Mitigation
Requirements

Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.

Mitigation
Implementation

When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.

CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting

An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.

CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename

An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.

CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering

Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.

CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting

This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.